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Consumption Demand (consumption + demand)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting	83%

Selected Abstracts

Effects of the non-indigenous cladoceran Cercopagis pengoi on the lower food web of Lake Ontario

FRESHWATER BIOLOGY, Issue 12 2003
Corey L. Laxson
Summary 1. In North America, the invasive predatory cladoceran Cercopagis pengoi was first detected in Lake Ontario. We explored the impact of Cercopagis on the lower food web of Lake Ontario through assessments of historical and seasonal abundance of the crustacean zooplankton, by conducting feeding experiments on the dominant prey of the invader, and by estimating its food requirements. 2. Between 1999 and 2001, a decrease in the abundance of dominant members of the Lake Ontario zooplankton community (Daphnia retrocurva, Bosmina longirostris and Diacyclops thomasi) coincided with an increase in the abundance of Cercopagis. Daphnia retrocurva populations declined despite high fecundity in all 3 years, indicating that food limitation was not responsible. Chlorophyll a concentration generally increased, concomitant with a decline in the herbivorous cladoceran zooplankton in the lake. 3. Laboratory experiments demonstrated that Cercopagis fed on small-bodied species including D. retrocurva and B. longirostris. 4. Consumption demand of mid-summer populations of Cercopagis, estimated from a bioenergetic model of the confamilial Bythotrephes, was sufficient to reduce crustacean abundance, although the degree of expected suppression varied seasonally and interannually. 5. Predatory effects exerted by Cercopagis on the Lake Ontario zooplankton, while initially very pronounced, have decreased steadily as the species became established in the lake. [source]

An empirical analysis of nominal rigidities and exchange rate overshooting: an intertemporal approach

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FINANCE & ECONOMICS, Issue 2 2003
Gonyung Park
Abstract This paper develops a system of equations from a model that combines an intertemporal approach with nominal rigidities, and empirically examines for five foreign currencies if exchange rates overshoot. Exchange rate overshooting is considered as a country's idiosyncrasy that depends on characteristics of the goods produced by the country. Empirical results show that exchange rates tend to overshoot in response to the US monetary shocks and undershoot in response to foreign monetary shocks. According to the underlying framework of consumption-based intertemporal optimization, the results imply that the consumption demand is elastic for foreign goods and inelastic for the US-produced goods. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

PUBLIC DEBT AS PRIVATE WEALTH: SOME EQUILIBRIUM CONSIDERATIONS

METROECONOMICA, Issue 4 2006
Article first published online: 13 NOV 200, Ekkehart Schlicht
ABSTRACT Government bonds are interest-bearing assets. Increasing public debt increases wealth, income and consumption demand. The smaller government expenditure is, the larger consumption demand must be in equilibrium, and the larger must be public debt. Conversely, lower public debt implies higher government spending and taxation. Public debt plays, thus, an important role in establishing equilibrium. It distributes output between consumers and government. In case of insufficient demand, a larger public debt entails higher private consumption and less public spending. If upper bounds on public debt are introduced (as in the Maastricht treaty), such constraints place lower bounds on taxation and public spending and may rule out macroeconomic equilibrium. As an aside, a minor flaw in Domar's (American Economic Review, 34 (4), pp. 798,827) classical analysis is corrected. [source]

PROFIT TAX AND FIRM MOBILITY IN A THREE-COUNTRY MODEL

AUSTRALIAN ECONOMIC PAPERS, Issue 2 2010
WATARU JOHDO
We construct a three-country model that incorporates international relocation by imperfectly competitive firms and examine both the effects of each country's profit tax reduction on the consumption and welfare of all countries, and the incentive for the countries to decrease the profit tax. In such a model, both the terms of trade and international relocation of firms offer the key to understanding the impacts of one country's profit tax policy. In particular, we note that the relocation of firms from the other two countries is positively related to the wage incomes of the third country through a shift in labour demand, and the terms-of-trade improvement is not only positively related to the wage incomes, but also negatively related to profit incomes through a shift in world consumption demand. We show that (i) in a three-country world economy, regardless of the reduction's source, the profit tax reduction of each country leads to relocation of firms away from foreign countries toward its own economy and deteriorates the terms of trade of its economy and (ii) this becomes a ,beggar-thy-neighbour' policy in the sense that it lowers the welfare of the other foreign countries. [source]

Chance Discovery by Stimulated Groups of People.

JOURNAL OF CONTINGENCIES AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT, Issue 3 2002
Application to Understanding Consumption of Rare Food
Chance discovery is to become aware of and to explain the significance of a chance, that is, a piece of information about events or situations that is significant for decision making. Sometimes a chance is rare and its significance is unnoticed. This paper proposes a method to merge three keys for chance discovery: (1) communication; (2) imagination and (3) data mining. Applied to the case of meal service, a visualised data mining method KeyGraph is used for discovering unnoticed demands underlying family consumption behaviour. The visualised relations between usual and unusual consumption patterns stimulate the awareness of and the communication among housewives talking in a room. This leads to the discovery of latent family consumption demands and to the proposal of serving meals that have unnoticed significant merits for their families. [source]