Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Consisting
Kinds of Consisting Selected AbstractsA prelab tutoring system for Strength of Materials experimentCOMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION, Issue 2 2004Chuin-Shan Chen Abstract We aim to resolve a long-standing problem on requiring students to study how to maneuver experiments before they actually conduct them in a laboratory. A prelab tutoring system for the Strength of Materials experiment is prototyped from desired outcomes. The tutoring system utilizes a game-like environment to engage students in learning. Consisting of highly interactive contents made by scalable vector graphics (SVGs), the system helps students to get acquainted with laboratory instruments as well as experimental procedures. The effectiveness and efficiency of the system have been confirmed through a survey among students. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 12: 98,105, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20004 [source] Multilayer Assemblies Consisting of Tri-Vanadium-Substituted Heteropolyanions and Its Electrocatalytic PropertiesELECTROANALYSIS, Issue 14 2003Shengyong Zhai Abstract We describe the controlled fabrication of ultrathin multilayer films consisting of tri-vanadium- substituted heteropolytungstate anions (denoted as P2W15V3) and a cationic polymer of quaternized poly (4-vinylpyridine) partially complexed with osmium bis(2,2,-bipyridine) (denoted as QPVP-Os) on the 4-aminobenzoic acid (4-ABA) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface based on layer-by-layer assembly. Cyclic voltammetry and UV-vis absorption spectrometry have been used to easily monitor the thickness and uniformity of thus-formed multilayer films. The V-centered redox reaction of P2W15V3 in the multilayer films can effectively catalyze the reduction of BrO and NO. The resulting P2W15V3/QPVP-Os multilayer film modified electrode behaves as a much promising electrochemical sensor because of the low overpotential for the catalytic reduction of BrO and NO, and the catalytic oxidation of ascorbic acid. [source] Multilayer Hybrid Films Consisting of Alternating Graphene and Titania Nanosheets with Ultrafast Electron Transfer and Photoconversion PropertiesADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 22 2009Kiran Kumar Manga Abstract Alternating graphene (G) and titania (Ti0.91O2) multilayered nanosheets are fabricated using layer-by-layer electrostatic deposition followed by UV irradiation. Successful assemblies of graphene oxide (GO) and titania nanosheets in sequence with polyethylenimine as a linker is confirmed by UV,vis absorption and X-ray diffraction. Photocatalytic reduction of GO into G can be achieved upon UV irradiation. Ultrafast photocatalytic electron transfer between the titania and graphene is demonstrated using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. Efficient exciton dissociation at the interfaces coupled with cross-surface charge percolation allows efficient photocurrent conversion in the multilayered Ti0.91O2/G films. [source] Regional teleseismic tomography of the western Lachlan Orogen and the Newer Volcanic Province, southeast AustraliaGEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL, Issue 2 2002Frank M. Graeber Summary From 1998 May to September a portable array of 40 short-period digital seismograph stations was operated in western Victoria, southeast Australia, across the western end of the mid-Paleozoic Lachlan Foldbelt and the Newer Volcanic Province. Consisting of four parallel, almost W,E-oriented receiver lines, the array covered an area of about 270 × 150 km2. The major aim of the LF98 (Lachlan Foldbelt survey 1998) project is to map lateral variations in P -wave speeds (Vp) in the crust and upper mantle using teleseismic arrival time tomography, primarily in order to investigate whether the major surface structural zones are associated with seismic velocity signatures at depth. Little a priori information from seismic profiling is available. We invert 4067 relative arrival time residuals for a minimum structure Vp model in the upper few hundred km using non-linear iteration and 3-D ray tracing. The most prominent negative anomaly (,3.8 per cent) in Vp is found at a depth of about 45 km underneath the eastern part of the Newer Volcanic Province. It correlates spatially with the highest density of Pliocene and Pleistocene eruption centres northwest of Melbourne, and is therefore interpreted as a hotspot-related high-temperature anomaly causing reduced mantle velocities. The related coherent volume of significantly lower than average velocities extends down to depths greater than 100 km in the east, and extends west underneath the Newer Volcanic Province. A strong velocity contrast, with average velocities ,2 per cent greater in the west, is found down to about 100 km across the Moyston Fault Zone, which forms the major structural boundary between the early-Paleozoic Delamerian Orogen in the west and the Lachlan Orogen in the east. This result suggests that the Moyston Fault Zone should be seen as a major lithospheric boundary. In the south this boundary is also expressed by a distinct discontinuity in Sr-isotopic ratios of xenoliths (the so-called Mortlake discontinuity) and a change in the geochemistry of plutons of similar age. However, if the east to west velocity contrast originally existed in this southern zone, it is now overprinted by the thermally reduced mantle velocities beneath the Newer Volcanic Province. [source] Synthesis, and Helix or Hairpin-Turn Secondary Structures of ,Mixed' ,/, -Peptides Consisting of Residues with Proteinogenic Side Chains and of 2-Amino-2-methylpropanoic Acid (Aib)HELVETICA CHIMICA ACTA, Issue 9 2006Dieter Seebach Abstract Twelve peptides, 1,12, have been synthesized, which consist of alternating sequences of , - and , -amino acid residues carrying either proteinogenic side chains or geminal dimethyl groups (Aib). Two peptides, 13 and 14, containing 2-methyl-3-aminobutanoic acid residues or a ,random mix' of ,-, ,2 -, and ,3 -amino acid moieties were also prepared. The new compounds were fully characterized by CD (Figs.,1 and 2), and 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy, and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS). In two cases, 3 and 14, we discovered novel types of turn structures with nine- and ten-membered H-bonded rings forming the actual turns. In two other cases, 8 and 11, we found 14/15 -helices, which had been previously disclosed in mixed ,/, -peptides containing unusual , -amino acids with non-proteinogenic side chains. The helices are formed by peptides containing the amino acid moiety Aib in every other position, and their backbones are primarily not held together by H-bonds, but by the intrinsic conformations of the containing amino acid building blocks. The structures offer new possibilities of mimicking peptide,protein and protein,protein interactions (PPI). [source] Multilevel Biomemory Device Consisting of Recombinant Azurin/Cytochrome cADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 4 2010Taek Lee A multilevel biomemory device displays two pairs of nonvolatile write, read, and erase functions (see figure). The device consists of recombinant azurin/cytochrome c. Azurin is recombined with a cysteine residue to enhance the stability of the self-assembled protein on a gold surface. Then, cytochrome c is adsorbed onto the immobilized azurin layer. The verified memory characteristic of the proposed device implies that the metalloprotein is a very promising molecule for the development of a new type of memory device. [source] Antimicrobial Nanotubes Consisting of Ag-Embedded Peptidic Lipid-Bilayer Membranes as Delivery VehiclesADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 17 2009Yong Zhou Functional drug-delivery vehicles consisting of Ag-embedded bilayer membranes of a peptidic lipid nanotube (LNT) are synthesized. The Ag,LNTs possess antimicrobial ability against E coli, contributing to the release of Ag+ into the aqueous culture. The Ag,LNTs may be applicable to the delivery of DNA or biotechnological drugs that are usually sensitive to changes in their surroundings. [source] Psychometric evaluation of the Spanish version of CONNECT: a measure of continuity of care in mental health servicesINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METHODS IN PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH, Issue 1 2007L.M. Chavez Abstract This article provides the results of the psychometric testing of the Spanish version of CONNECT(-S), a measure of continuity of care in mental health services. CONNECT-S is a multidimensional measure designed for use with seriously mentally ill respondents. Consisting of 12 scales and one single-item indicator, it addresses qualities of interaction in current relationships between mental health service providers and consumers in five conceptual domains: (1) practitioner knowledge of their clients, (2) creating flexibility, (3) practitioner availability, (4) practitioner co-ordination, and (5) smoothing transitions. One-hundred-and-fifty participants took part in the study. Participants were recruited from mental health outpatient clinics in both the Puerto Rican (n = 109) and the San Antonio (n = 41) samples. Internal consistency for scales in a combined site estimate ranged from 0.68 to 0.96. Test-retest reliability ranged from fair to substantial in all but one scale. Concurrent validity hypotheses based on a priori predictions were mostly supported. The Spanish translation and adaptation of CONNECT-S provided sound psychometric results across both sites. CONNECT-S addresses the gap in measurement of continuity of care for the two largest US Latino subgroups, Mexican Americans and Puerto Ricans; and provides an encouraging starting point for a measure that is both relevant and culturally sensitive. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] On the Cascade Polymerization Process Consisting of Metallocene Polymerization and ATRP to Prepare i -PP-Based Polar Block CopolymersMACROMOLECULAR REACTION ENGINEERING, Issue 2-3 2009Qingfeng Yi Abstract Isotactic poly(propylene)s bearing a terminal hydroxyl group (i -PP- t -OH) with high degrees of end-group functionality were synthesized by a metallocene/methylaluminoxane (MAO)-mediated propylene polymerization process via a preferential aluminium chain transfer reaction assisted by a hydroalumination process at the end of polymerization. Despite the highly isotactic configuration and relatively high molecular weight ( as high as 60,800 g,·,mol,1) of the polymers, the hydroxyl group located at the i -PP chain terminal was efficiently transformed to an atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) initiator moiety of i -PP- t -Br via a reaction with 2-bromopropionyl chloride at 60,°C in toluene. Well-defined i -PP- b -PMMA and i -PP- b -PS block copolymers of controllable structure and compositions were then prepared with efficient ATRPs of MMA and St using i -PP- t -Br. [source] Crystalline/Crystalline Phase Transitions in Polymer Systems Consisting of Finite-Size Crystals in Each Crystalline Phase: Generalized Gibbs-Thomson EquationMACROMOLECULAR THEORY AND SIMULATIONS, Issue 7 2010Matsuo Hirami Abstract For polymer systems of two crystalline phases of one polymer component, each phase being consisted of polymer crystals of a finite size, we derive the crystalline-crystalline phase transition relationship, i.e., generalized Gibbs-Thomson equation. Its application combined with the crystalline-liquid transition relationship (usual Gibbs-Thomson equation) to the phase behavior of PT phase diagram of polyethylene (PE) is investigated, where the orthorhombic-hexagonal phase transition of PE crystal under high pressure being involved. Comparison with experimental data leads to the estimates of the structural characteristics such as the ratios of (the end surface free energy of polymer crystal/crystal length) for the respective crystalline phases. [source] China and Northeast Asia: A Complex Equation for ,Peaceful Rise'POLITICS, Issue 3 2007Jae Ho Chung This article tackles the question: has China become more proactive and willing to resolve regional problems unilaterally, bilaterally or multilaterally? It suggests that, while China has clearly become more proactive in facilitating regional stability and co-operation, it still has to overcome certain perceptual hurdles and constrain its impulse to be the ,centre' of the world. Consisting of three sections, this article first discusses the nexus between post-Mao China's ,new' diplomacy and Beijing's proactive posture towards Asia and notes the troublesome nature of the regional dynamics in Northeast Asia. It then explores three case studies in which China's activism has varied in resolving intricate regional and inter-state problems: namely, Sino,Japanese discord, the Koguryo controversy between South Korea and China and the North Korean nuclear conundrum. The final section offers some concluding observations regarding China's diplomacy towards Northeast Asia. [source] Screen-printed epitaxial silicon thin-film solar cells with 13·8% efficiencyPROGRESS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS: RESEARCH & APPLICATIONS, Issue 8 2003J. Rentsch Abstract Amidst the different silicon thin-film systems, the epitaxial thin-film solar cell represents an approach with interesting potential. Consisting of a thin active c-Si layer grown epitaxially on top of a low-quality c-Si substrate, it can be implemented into solar cell production lines without major changes in the current industrial process sequences. Within this work, ,30-,m-thick epitaxial layers on non-textured and highly doped monocrystalline Czochralski (Cz) and multicrystalline (mc) Si substrates have been prepared by CVD. Confirmed efficiencies of 13·8% on Cz and 12·3% on mc-Si substrates have been achieved by applying an industrial process scheme based on tube and in-line phosphorus diffusion, as well as screen-printed front and back contacts fired through a SiNx anti-reflection coating. An extensive solar cell characterisation, including infrared lock-in thermography and spectral response measurements is presented. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Structure and Opportunity: Committee Jurisdiction and Issue Attention in CongressAMERICAN JOURNAL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE, Issue 4 2006Adam D. Sheingate This article explores how the congressional committee system shapes the dynamics of issue attention. Consisting of what is referred to as a congressional opportunity structure, it describes how committee jurisdictions provide an important institutional context for the attention paid to new issues in congressional hearings. This is illustrated through an examination of congressional attention to biotechnology over a 30-year period. This article finds that committees with broader jurisdictions were more active in biotechnology than committees with a narrow policy remit. However, these institutional effects varied widely, even within a single policy domain. This variation suggests that issue attention depends on the degree of fit between issue characteristics and the congressional opportunity structure. More broadly, the findings here illustrate the virtues of public policy research in studies of Congress. [source] Uniform Amplification of Phage with Different Growth Characteristics in Individual Compartments Consisting of Monodisperse Droplets,ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE, Issue 31 2010Ratmir Derda Dr. Jeder Klon zählt! Beim Phagen-Display gehen Klone, die das Phagenwachstum hemmende Liganden präsentieren, bei der Vervielfältigung verloren. In monodispersen Emulsionen, die mithilfe eines einfachen Mikrofluidiksystems erzeugt wurden, ist die Konkurrenz zwischen langsam (S) und schnell (R) wachsenden Phagen abgemildert, sodass das R/S-Verhältnis beibehalten bleibt. Die konkurrenzfreie Vervielfältigung von Phagen bewahrt Liganden, die im normalen Phagen-Display abhanden kommen. [source] Induced-Fit Formation of a Tetrameric Organic Capsule Consisting of Hexagram-Shaped Amphiphile Molecules,ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE, Issue 38 2009Shuichi Hiraoka Dr. Lieblingsgast: Nahezu sechseckige Amphiphile ordnen sich in einer wässrigen Methanol-Lösung um sphärische hydrophobe Gastmoleküle zu tetraedrischen organischen Kapseln an (siehe Bild). In Gegenwart von Adamantan wandelt sich eine hexamere Kapsel aus solchen sechseckigen Amphiphilen in eine 1.7,nm große tetramere Kapsel um, die das Adamantan-Templatmolekül einschließt. [source] ChemInform Abstract: Gold-Catalyzed Domino Reactions Consisting of Regio- and Stereoselective 1,2-Alkyl Migration.CHEMINFORM, Issue 43 2010Wenbo Li Abstract A cationic gold(I)-catalyzed domino reaction involving highly regio- and stereoselective 1,2-alkyl migration and heterocyclization or oxygen transfer is developed, in which the product selectivity is controlled by the counteranion of the gold catalyst. [source] ChemInform Abstract: Two Novel Copper,Undecaniobates Decorated by Copper,Organic Cations [{Cu(H2O) L}2{CuNb11O35H4}]5- (L: 10-Phenanthroline, 2,2,-Bipyridine) Consisting of Plenary and Monolacunary Lindqvist-Type Isopolyniobate Fragments.CHEMINFORM, Issue 40 2010Jing-Yang Niu Abstract Compounds (III) and (IV) represent the first examples of copper undecaniobates. [source] ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Intramolecular Hydroamination of Alkynes in the Presence of a Catalyst System Consisting of Pd(0)-Methyl Norphos (or Tolyl Renorphos)-benzoic Acid.CHEMINFORM, Issue 16 2009Meda Narsireddy Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a "Full Text" option. The original article is trackable via the "References" option. [source] ChemInform Abstract: Ring-Closing Olefin Metathesis in the Aqueous Phase of Amphiphilic Conetworks Consisting of Fluorophilic and Hydrophilic Compartments.CHEMINFORM, Issue 7 2009Eva M. Hensle Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a "Full Text" option. The original article is trackable via the "References" option. [source] ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure of an Aluminum Borate Chloride Consisting of 12-Membered Borate Rings and Aluminate Clusters.CHEMINFORM, Issue 45 2008Wenliang Gao Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a "Full Text" option. The original article is trackable via the "References" option. [source] One-Pot 2-Aryl/Vinylindole Synthesis Consisting of a Ruthenium-Catalyzed Hydroamination and a Palladium-Catalyzed Heck Reaction Using 2-Chloroaniline.CHEMINFORM, Issue 13 2007Lutz Ackermann Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF. [source] A Tunable Solid-State Fluorescence System Consisting of Organic Salts of Anthracene-2,6-disulfonic Acid with Primary Amines.CHEMINFORM, Issue 33 2005Yuji Mizobe Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text. [source] A Domino Sequence Consisting of Insertion, Coupling, Isomerization, and Diels,Alder Steps Yields Highly Fluorescent Spirocycles (III) and (V).CHEMINFORM, Issue 16 2005Daniel M. D'Souza No abstract is available for this article. [source] Spontaneous Resolution of Chiral Polyoxometalate-Based Compounds Consisting of 3D Chiral Inorganic Skeletons Assembled from Different Helical UnitsCHEMISTRY - A EUROPEAN JOURNAL, Issue 32 2008Ya-Qian Lan Dr. Abstract Four enantiomerically pure 3D chiral POM-based compounds, [Ni2(bbi)2(H2O)4V4O12],2,H2O (1,a and 1,b) and [Co(bbi)(H2O)V2O6] (2,a and 2,b) (bbi=1,1,-(1,4-butanediyl)bisimidazole) based on the achiral ligand, different vanadate chains, and different metal centers have been synthesized by hydrothermal methods. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that 1,a and 1,b, and 2,a and 2,b, respectively, are enantiomers. In 1,a and 1,b two kinds of vanadate chains with different screw axes link Ni cations to generate 3D chiral inorganic skeletons, which are connected by the achiral bbi ligands to form complicated 3D 3,4-connected chiral self-penetrating frameworks with (72,8)(72,82,92)(73,82,10) topology. They represent the first examples of chiral self-penetrating frameworks known for polyoxometalate (POM) systems. Contrary to 1,a and 1,b, in 2,a and 2,b the vanadate chains link CoII cations to generate 3D chiral inorganic skeletons, which are assembled from two kinds of heterometallic helical units of opposite chirality along the c axes. The chiral inorganic skeletons are connected by bbi to form 3D 3,4-connected chiral POM-based frameworks with (62,8)2(62,82,102) topology. It is believed that the asymmetrical coordination modes of the metal cations in 1,a,2,b generate the initial chiral centers, and that the formation of the various helical units and the hydrogen bond interactions are responsible for preservation of the chirality and spontaneous resolution when the chirality is extended into the homochiral 3D-networks. This is the first known report of chiral POM-based compounds consisting of 3D chiral inorganic skeletons being obtained by spontaneous resolution upon crystallization in the absence of any chiral source, which may provide a rational strategy for synthesis of chiral POM-based compounds by using achiral ligands and POM helical units. [source] Three-Component Entanglements Consisting of Three Crescent-Shaped Bidentate Ligands Coordinated to an Octahedral Metal CentreCHEMISTRY - A EUROPEAN JOURNAL, Issue 31 2007Fabien Durola Abstract 3,3,-Biisoquinoline ligands (biiq) L, bearing aromatic substituents on their 8 and 8, positions, have been used to generate interwoven systems consisting of three crescent-shaped ligands disposed around an octahedral metal centre. Mono-ligand complexes of the type [ReL(CO)3py]+ (py: pyridine) have also been prepared, leading to sterically non-hindering complexes in spite of the endotopic nature of the chelate used. The three-component entanglements have been prepared by using either FeII or RuII as gathering metal centre. The synthetic procedure is simple and efficient, affording fully characterised complexes as their PF6 or SbCl6 salts. X-ray crystallography clearly shows that the crescent-shaped ligands do not repel each other in the tris-chelate complexes. In an analogous way, the ReI complexes show open structures with no steric repulsion between the L ligand and the ancillary CO or py groups. The FeL3 or RuL3 compounds are very unusual in the sense that, contrary to all the other tris-bidentate chelate complexes made till now, the three organic components are tangled up, in a situation which will be very favourable to the formation of new non trivial topologies of the catenane type. [source] Dithiolate-Bridged Fe-Ni-Fe Trinuclear Complexes Consisting of Fe(CO)3,n(CN)n (n=0, 1) Components Relevant to the Active Site of [NiFe] HydrogenaseCHEMISTRY - AN ASIAN JOURNAL, Issue 6 2009Satyanarayan Pal Dr. Abstract Step-by-step: A trinuclear Fe-Ni-Fe complex 1 was synthesized from the reaction of [Fe(CO)4I2] with Li2[Ni(norbornane- exo -2,3-dithiolate)2]. The CO ligands in 1 were transformed into CN, upon treatment with ,N(SiMe3)2, and the monocyanide complex 3 and the dicyanide complex 4 were obtained. Complexes 3 and 4 were found to react with protonic acids, whereas 1 is robust. A dithiolate-bridged Fe-Ni-Fe trinuclear carbonyl complex [(CO)3Fe(,-ndt)Ni(,-ndt)Fe(CO)3] (1, ndt=norbornane- exo -2,3-dithiolate) has been synthesized from the reaction of [Fe(CO)4I2] and Li2[Ni(ndt)2]. This reaction was found to occur with concomitant formation of a tetranuclear cluster [Ni3(,-ndt)4FeI] (2). Treatment of 1 with Na[N(SiMe3)2] transforms some of the CO ligands into CN,, and the monocyanide complex (PPh4)[(CO)2(CN)Fe(,-ndt)Ni(,-ndt)Fe(CO)3] (3) and the dicyanide complex (PPh4)2[(CO)2(CN)Fe(,-ndt)Ni(,-ndt)Fe(CO)2(CN)] (4) were isolated. X-ray structural analyses of the trinuclear complexes revealed a Fe-Ni-Fe array in which the metal centers are connected by the ndt sulfur bridges and direct FeNi bonds. Hydrogen bonding between the CN ligand in 3 and cocrystallized ethanol was found in the solid-state structure. The monocyanide complex 3 and dicyanide complex 4 reacted with acids such as HOTf or HCl generating insoluble materials, whereas complex 1 did not react. [source] Low and Wide Phase Transition Temperature Dimesogenic Compounds Consisting of a Cholesteryl and 4-(trans -4- n -Alkylcyclohexyl)phenoxy MesogensCHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY, Issue 3 2006Chun-Bo Zhang Abstract Unsymmetrical dimesogenic compounds with cholesteryl and 4-(trans -4- n -alkylcyclohexyl)phenoxy parts were synthesized by condensation of cholester-3-yl 6-bromohexanoate with appropriate 4-(trans -4- n -alkylcyclohexyl)- phenols. Structures and thermal phase behaviour of these dimesogenic compounds have been confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, elemental analysis, DSC, polarity microscopy and XRD measurements. Their thermal phase behaviour was significantly different with that of other cholesterol-based dimesogens while they exhibited low and wide phase transition temperature. [source] Using particles for 3D texture sculptingCOMPUTER ANIMATION AND VIRTUAL WORLDS (PREV: JNL OF VISUALISATION & COMPUTER ANIMATION), Issue 4 2001ich Bene Abstract Particle systems have been used in computer graphics for many different purposes, including visual simulation of fur, grass, hair, and similar fuzzy textures and shapes. The underlying theories used in these algorithms are usually quite complex and are mostly based on simulation of diffuse-limited aggregation, cellular development, reaction-diffusion models, etc. This leads to high time complexity of these algorithms. The purpose of this paper is to show that collision detection and distance keeping among moving particles can generate similar realistic textures efficiently. This approach is easy to implement, sufficiently fast allowing for interactive modeling, and inherits the major features from the previously published techniques. We first construct a scene consisting of generators of particles, attractors, and cutters. The generators generate oriented particles, and the attractors attract or repulse them. When collision with the cutter is detected, the particle performs an action according to its state and position in the 3D space. Every particle has assigned a table of possible actions that is used for solving these critical states. Trajectories of the particles are then used as a resulting shape of the texture. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] An elaborate education of basic genetic programming using C++COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION, Issue 3 2010Nirod C. Sahoo Abstract Evolutionary search is a global search method based on natural selection. In engineering curriculum, these techniques are taught in courses like Evolutionary Computation, Engineering Optimization, etc. Genetic algorithm (GA) is popular among these algorithms. Genetic programming (GP), developed by John Koza, is a powerful extension of GA where a chromosome/computer program (CP) is coded as a rooted point-labeled tree with ordered branches. The search space is the space of all possible CPs (trees) consisting of functions and terminals appropriate to the problem domain. GP uses, like GA, crossover and mutation for evolution. Due to tree-structured coding of individuals, the initial population generation, genetic operators' use, and tree decoding for fitness evaluations demand careful computer programming. This article describes the programming steps of GP implementation (using C++ language) for students' easy understanding with pseudocodes for each step. Two application examples are also illustrated. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 18: 434,448, 2010; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com; DOI 10.1002/cae.20165 [source] Animated instructional software for mechanics of materials: Implementation and assessmentCOMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION, Issue 1 2006Timothy A. Philpot Abstract During the past 3 years, the Basic Engineering Department at the University of Missouri, Rolla has been developing a second-generation suite of instructional software called MecMovies for the Mechanics of Materials course. The MecMovies suite consists of over 110 animated example problems, drill-and-practice games, and interactive exercises. Students generally respond favorably to software of this type; however, much of the data that has been gathered to assess the effectiveness of similar software has been anecdotal. The method by which instructional software is incorporated into the engineering class is partly responsible for this lack of systematic evaluation. Often, software packages have been implemented in the classroom as supplemental material,recommended but not required. In the Fall 2003 semester, MecMovies was integrated thoroughly into the course assignments for one of the six UMR Mechanics of Materials sections. Four professors were involved in the study, and student performance in the experimental MecMovies section was compared to performance in the five control sections through a common final exam. At the end of the semester, students who used the MecMovies software also completed a survey questionnaire consisting of a number of subjective rating items. This paper presents a comparison of student performance in the experimental and control sections along with discussion of student qualitative ratings and comments. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 14: 31,43, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20065 [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||