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Considerable Deviation (considerable + deviation)

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Medical Sciences50%

Selected Abstracts

Assessment of different techniques for subcutaneous glucose monitoring in Type 1 diabetic patients during ,real-life' glucose excursions

DIABETIC MEDICINE, Issue 3 2010
J. K. Mader
Diabet. Med. 27, 332,338 (2010) Abstract Aims, To compare the accuracy of two marketed subcutaneous glucose monitoring devices (Guardian RT, GRT; GlucoDay S, GDS) and standard microdialysis (CMA60; MD) in Type 1 diabetic patients. Methods, Seven male Type diabetic patients were investigated over a period of 26 h simulating real-life meal glucose excursions. Catheters of the three systems were inserted into subcutaneous adipose tissue of the abdominal region. For MD, interstitial fluid was sampled at 30- to 60-min intervals for offline glucose determination. Reference samples were taken at 15- to 60-min intervals. All three systems were prospectively calibrated to reference. Median differences, median absolute relative differences (MARD), median absolute differences (MAD), Bland,Altman plot and Clark Error Grid were used to determine accuracy. Results, Bland,Altman analysis indicated a mean glucose difference (2 standard deviations) between reference and interstitial glucose of ,10.5 (41.8) % for GRT, 20.2 (55.9) % for GDS and 6.5 (35.2) % for MD, respectively. Overall MAD (interquartile range) was 1.07 (0.39; 2.04) mmol/l for GRT, 1.59 (0.54; 3.08) mmol/l for GDS and 0.76 (0.26; 1.58) mmol/l for MD. Overall MARD was 15.0 (5.6; 23.4) % (GRT), 19.7 (6.1; 37.6) % (GDS) and 8.7 (4.1; 18.3) % (MD), respectively. Total sensor failure occurred in two subjects using GRT and one subject using GDS. Conclusions, The three investigated technologies had comparable performance. Whereas GRT underestimated actual blood glucose, GDS and MD overestimated blood glucose. Considerable deviations during daily life meal glucose excursions from reference glucose were observed for all three investigated technologies. Present technologies may require further improvement until individual data can lead to direct and automated generation of therapeutic advice in diabetes management. [source]

MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF DISCOSPORANGIUM MESARTHROCARPUM (PHAEOPHYCEAE) WITH A REINSTATEMENT OF THE ORDER DISCOSPORANGIALES,

JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY, Issue 1 2007
Hiroshi Kawai
A molecular phylogenetic analysis of the little-studied filamentous brown alga Discosporangium mesarthrocarpum (Meneghini) Hauck using rbcL and partial 18S rDNA sequences revealed that the species forms a monophyletic clade with Choristocarpus tenellus (Kütz.) Zanardini that is sister to all other brown algae. Although D. mesarthrocarpum has unique disk-shaped plurilocular reproductive organs, D. mesarthrocarpum and C. tenellus share the following basic morphological features, which are considered to be plesiomorphic characters in the brown algae: (1) apical (and diffuse) growth; (2) uniseriate, subdichotomously branched filaments; (3) multiple chloroplasts per cell without pyrenoids; and (4) lack of heterotrichy and of phaeophycean hairs. The rbcL DNA sequence of an Australian D. mesarthrocarpum specimen showed considerable deviation from Mediterranean and Macaronesian specimens. Therefore, the presence of a second species in the genus is suggested; however, the taxonomic treatment of this putative species is not pursued in the present report. Regarding the higher-ranking systematic position of D. mesarthrocarpum, reinstatement of Discosporangiaceae and Discosporangiales is proposed, and the inclusion of Choristocarpaceae in the order is also suggested. Under short-day and long-day culture conditions at 15°C,25°C, Mediterranean D. mesarthrocarpum exhibited a direct type of life history, with a succession of uniseriate filamentous thalli bearing characteristic disk-shaped plurilocular zoidangia, but thalli did not survive at 10°C and below. [source]

Inter-ring and endo anomeric effects, and hydrogen-bonded supramolecular motifs in two 2,4,6,8-tetraazabicyclo[3.3.0]octane derivatives

ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C, Issue 4 2009
Zhenfeng Zhang
In 2,4,6,8-tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl)-2,4,6,8-tetraazabicyclo[3.3.0]octane, C28H22Cl4N4, the imidazolidine rings adopt envelope conformations, which are favoured by two equal endo anomeric effects. The molecule lies on a crystallographic twofold axis and molecules are linked into a three-dimensional framework via two C,H...Cl hydrogen bonds. In 2,4,6,8-tetrakis(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,4,6,8-tetraazabicyclo[3.3.0]octane, C32H34N4O4, one of the methyl groups is disordered over two sets of sites and the same methyl group participates in an intermolecular C,H...O hydrogen bond, which in turn causes a considerable deviation from the preferred conformation. There are two unequal inter-ring anomeric effects in the N,C,N groups. Molecules are linked into corrugated sheets by one C,H..., hydrogen bond and two independent C,H...O hydrogen bonds involving methoxy groups. [source]

Skull thickness in patients with clefts

ORTHODONTICS & CRANIOFACIAL RESEARCH, Issue 2 2010
T Arntsen
To cite this article: Arntsen T, Kjær I, Sonnesen L, Mølsted K: Skull thickness in patients with clefts Orthod Craniofac Res 2010;13:75,81 Structured Abstract Authors,,, Arntsen T, Kjær I, Sonnesen L, Mølsted K Objectives,,, The purpose was to analyze skull thickness in incomplete cleft lip (CL), cleft palate (CP), and combined cleft lip and palate (UCLP). Setting and Sample Population,,, Copenhagen School of Dentistry and Copenhagen Cleft Lip and Palate Centre. Patients with cleft lip, cleft palate, and combined cleft lip and palate and normal adult men. Material and Methods,,, Four groups of patients comprised the study. One group of patients with CL (24 patients; 7 women, mean age 6; 17 men, mean age 7.1), one group of patients with UCLP (28 patients; 11 women, mean age 6.6; 17 men, mean age 6.7), one group of patients with CP (57 male patients aged 18,33), and one normal adult male control group. The CL and UCLP groups were compared. The CP group was compared with the normal adult male control group. Results,,, CL women had a significantly thinner occipital bone compared with CL men (p = 0.027). Women with UCLP had significantly thicker occipital bone than the control women (incomplete CL) (p = 0.014). The study showed gender differences in skull thickness in different cleft types. It also demonstrated that particularly the occipital bone deviated in patients with UCLP, which may explain the considerable deviations in jaw shape and position, previously registered in patients with UCLP. [source]