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Consecutive Cycles (consecutive + cycle)
Selected AbstractsEfficacy of tropisetron in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer receiving adjuvant chemotherapy with carboplatin and taxanesEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER CARE, Issue 2 2008N. TSAVARIS md Even though significant progress has been made, chemotherapy-induced emesis remains a challenging problem. Few studies focus on emesis in patients treated with carboplatin and the observation period is limited to the initial 24 h following chemotherapy. Thus, we investigated if tropisetron (T) monotherapy can adequately prevent acute and delayed emesis in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receiving a moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC) (carboplatin-containing) regimen. Furthermore, we explored the merits of adding dexamethasone (D) or alprazolam (A) to T, especially in the setting of a pre-existing high level of stress. We studied 60 patients with advanced NSCLC receiving carboplatin and taxanes in three consecutive cycles. During the first cycle, patients received 5 mg of T intravenously before chemotherapy and the same dose per os on each of the following 3 days. In the second cycle, T was co-administered with 8 mg of D once a day, while, during the third cycle, T was combined with per os A 0.25 mg every 12 h and continued over the following 3 days. Finally, we evaluated the impact of stress on the anti-emetic response achieved with the previously described regimens. The combination of T + A was superior to T monotherapy and the combination of T + D, regarding the prevention of acute and delayed emesis. Both T + A and T + D combinations led to appetite improvement, while patients receiving T + A experienced sedation more frequently. Interestingly, subgroup analysis revealed that patients without underlying stress obtained no further benefit by the addition of A or D, while both T + A and T + D combinations led to a better anti-emetic response in patients with stress. In conclusion, T monotherapy provides a satisfactory result in controlling nausea and emesis caused by a MEC regimen in patients without stress. However, the addition of D and, mainly, A improves its anti-emetic effect in patients with obvious stress. [source] Allylic Amination of Internal Alkynes with Aromatic and Aliphatic Amines Using Polymer-Supported Triphenylphosphane,Palladium Complex as a Heterogeneous and Recyclable CatalystEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 26 2010Yogesh S. Wagh Abstract A facile and novel protocol for the allylic amination of internal alkynes with amines by using a polymer-supported triphenylphosphane,palladium complex [PS,TPP,Pd] as a highly active heterogeneous reusable catalyst was developed. The catalyst exhibited remarkable activity and is reusable over five consecutive cycles. The protocol was applicable for a variety of hindered and functionalized aromatic/aliphatic amines and afforded the desired allylic products in good to excellent yield. [source] Quantitative Removal of Mercury(II) from Water Through Bulk Liquid Membranes by Lipophilic PolyaminesEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 19 2006Nicoletta Spreti Abstract Transport of mercury(II) and copper(II) ions through bulk liquid membranes has been studied, the former because of its toxicity and wide distribution in the environment, the latter for comparative purposes. The abilities of two carriers, the known N,N, -bis[2-(hexadecylamino)ethyl]- N,N, -bis(hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine (bis-HE16ED) and the new N,N,-bis(p -octyloxybenzyl)-3,6-dioxaoctane-1,8-diamine (bis- pODODA), to complex and transport the selected metal ions are reported. Bis-HE16ED is a good carrier for Cu2+ ions, but the high stability of the carrier/Hg2+ ion complex in the membrane results in a lack of its transport. On the other hand, the new carrier displays a very high efficiency in Hg2+ ion transport, effecting quantitative transfer of the metal ion into the receiving phase within 24 h, despite its chelating region being only slightly different from that in bis-HE16ED. The ability of bis- pODODA to transport 100,% of Hg2+ efficiently in consecutive cycles is also reported. This result provides a basis for future development of a decontamination process based on a carrier-mediated transport system. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006) [source] A New Carrier for Selective Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Aqueous Solutions through Bulk Liquid MembranesEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 18 2004Nicoletta Spreti Abstract The carrier-mediated transport of heavy metal ions through bulk liquid membranes has been examined: toxic Hg2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions were studied, along with Cu2+ ions for comparative purposes. The ability of a new carrier, 2,2,-bis(p -octyloxybenzyl)diethylenetriamine (bis- pODET), to complex and transport all the selected metal ions is reported. Differing affinities of the carrier for the different metal ions and the different experimental conditions required for their release into the receiving phase allowed the selective separation of equimolar binary mixtures. For Hg2+/Cd2+ and Hg2+/Pb2+ mixtures, two different separation methods were performed, while the inefficacy of the separation of Cd2+/Pb2+ and Hg2+/Cu2+ mixtures was for two different reasons: (i) the carrier is able to extract the metal ions with similar levels of ability, and (ii) the carrier metal ion complexes require the same acidity of the receiving phase to release the metal ions. The capability of the carrier to transport Hg2+ efficiently in consecutive cycles is also reported: over 90% of the metal ions were transferred into the receiving phase for three consecutive processes. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004) [source] In-vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer and Cellular Immunity: Study on Cytokines and T Lymphocyte subpopulations in IVF-ET CyclesJOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY RESEARCH (ELECTRONIC), Issue 3 2002Mitsutaka Murakami Objectives: To determine whether peripheral T lymphocyte subpopulations and cytokines change during in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) cycles and to evaluate them with regard to pregnancy status and types of infertility. Methods: Peripheral T lymphocyte subpopulations and cytokines in 33 consecutive cycles of IVF-ET were examined. All the women were stimulated with purified FSH and hCG after pituitary suppression with GnRH agonist. Peripheral blood samples were collected before FSH administration, on the day of hCG administration, the day of ET (day 2), day 6 and day 15. We measured plasma estradiol and progesterone levels and plasma interferon-,, interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-10 and IL-12 levels. Peripheral T lymphocyte subpopulations, T helper type 1 and 2 cells (Th1 and Th2) and T cytotoxic type 1 and 2 cells (Tc1 and Tc2), were analyzed with three-color flowcytometry. Results: There were no changes in the plasma levels of the cytokines or in the proportions of Th1 and Th2 and the proportions of Tc1 and Tc2 in peripheral blood lymphocytes during the IVF-ET cycles. In women with endometriosis, the ratios of Tc1 to CD8+ lymphocytes and the Tc1 to Tc2 ratios before FSH administration were much higher than in women without endometriosis. The ratios of Tc1 to CD8+ lymphocytes were significantly lower in the patients with endometriosis who became pregnant. Conclusions: Peripheral cellular immunity does not change during IVF-ET cycles. In women with endometriosis, the peripheral Tc1 subpopulation is more predominant before ovarian stimulation, suggest- ing that the ratio of Tc1 before ovarian stimulation could be an indicator of fecundity for women with endometriosis. [source] Cytologic, hormonal, and ultrasonographic correlates of the menstrual cycle of the New World monkey Cebus apellaAMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY, Issue 3 2005R.E. Ortiz Abstract Few reports on the reproductive physiology of Cebus apella have been published. In this study we characterized menstrual cycle events by means of vaginal cytology, ultrasonography (US), and hormonal measurements in serum during three consecutive cycles in 10 females, and assessed the probability that ovulation would occur in the same ovary in consecutive cycles in 18 females. The lengths and phases of the cycles were determined according to vaginal cytology. Taking the first day of endometrial bleeding as the first day of the cycle, the mean cycle length ± SEM was 19.5±0.4 days, with follicular and luteal phases lasting 8.2±0.2 and 11.3±0.4 days, respectively. The follicular phase included menstruation and the periovulatory period, which was characterized by the presence of a large number of superficial eosinophilic cells in the vaginal smear. The myometrium, endometrium, and ovaries were clearly distinguished on US examination. During each menstrual cycle a single follicle was recruited at random from either ovary. The follicle grew from 3 mm to a maximum diameter of 8,9 mm over the course of 8 days, in association with increasing estradiol (E2) serum levels (from 489±41 to 1600±92 pmol/L). At ovulation, the mean diameter of the dominant follicle usually decreased by >20%, 1 day after the maximum E2 level was reached. Ovulation was associated with an abrupt fall in E2, a decreased number of eosinophilic cells, the presence of leukocytes and intermediate cells in the vaginal smear, and a progressive increase in progesterone (P) levels that reached a maximum of 892±65 nmol/L on days 3,6 of the luteal phase. The menstrual cycle of Cebus apella differs in several temporal and quantitative aspects from that in humans and Old World primates, but it exhibits the same correlations between ovarian endocrine and morphologic parameters. Am. J. Primatol. 66:233,244, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Toremifene for premenstrual mastalgia: a randomised, placebo-controlled crossover studyBJOG : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNAECOLOGY, Issue 6 2006S Oksa Objective, To investigate the efficacy of toremifene in the treatment of premenstrual mastalgia. Design, Double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. Setting, Three Finnish general practices from the districts of Satakunta Central Hospital and Tampere University Hospital. Population, A total of 62 women aged 25,45 years with premenstrual mastalgia during at least three previous menstrual cycles. Methods, Women were randomised to receive toremifene 20 mg daily or placebo from day 15 of the menstrual cycle until menstruation for three consecutive cycles. After a wash-out cycle, the women were crossed over to receive placebo or toremifene for three additional cycles. Main outcome measures, Cyclic breast pain relief assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS) score. Quality-of-life scores assessed by a modified 36-item Finnish Depression Scale, with a score ranging from 0 to 108. Acceptability of treatment. Results, About 32 women were randomised to receive toremifene first and 30 to receive placebo first. Twenty-nine and 27 participants in the groups treated with toremifene first or placebo first completed the treatment, respectively. There were significant reductions in VAS scores in both groups after three treatment cycles. This was significantly greater in the toremifene-treated group (VAS: 1.8 in the toremifene group and 3.7 in the placebo group, P= 0.004). Treatment effect between treatment cycles was significant (P= 0.001). Quality of life was similar during the toremifene and placebo cycles. Conclusion, This study demonstrates that the antiestrogenic compound, toremifene, is able to relieve premenstrual breast pain without major adverse effects. There was a 64% reduction in median pain scores in the toremifene-treated cycles compared with a 26% reduction in placebo-treated cycles. [source] Menstrual cycle influences ocular surface parameters in normal and dry eye patientsACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 2007P VERSURA Purpose: We analyzed the changes of ocular surface parameters and symptoms in healthy and dry eye women over the menstrual cycle. To our knowledge, incomplete reports appear in the literature on this issue in healthy women still in the fertile period, and none on dry eye women of the same age. This to comparatively evaluate what then happens in peri- and post-menopause. Methods: 29 females in the fertile age and a regular 26-29 days menstrual cycle were included in the study. 14 subjects with and 15 without dry eye symptoms. Symptoms were scored by the validate questionnaire OSDI. Degree of dryness was evaluated with the Schirmer test I, Jones test, BUT, Ferning test, Tear Function Index (TFI) and conjunctival imprint cytology. Degree of inflammation was evaluated with conjunctival brush cytology and dosage of exudated serum albumin in tears. Hormonal cytology procedures were applied to exfoliated cells in tears. Patients were analysed during menstruation, in the follicular and in luteal phases over two consecutive cycles and results were statistically evaluated Results: TFI, tear stability, surface dryness and inflammation were significantly related to the hormonal fluctuations in menstrual cycle, in particular to the estrogen peak occurring during the follicular phase, especially in dry eye patients. Subjective symptoms appeared to increase in the luteal phase, suggesting the presence of a pre-menstrual syndrome Conclusions: The ocular surface is confirmed to be dependent from hormonal variations; clinicians would take into account these cyclic variations during the examinations of subjects still in the fertile age, with dryness symptoms [source] | ||||||||||