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Concrete Information (concrete + information)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting	60%

Selected Abstracts

The intermediate effect and the diagnostic accuracy in clinical case recall of students and experts in dental medicine

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION, Issue 3 2009
J. Eberhard
Abstract Introduction:, The extensive knowledge of experts facilitates the solving of domain-specific problems. In general, this is due to the fact that experts recall more detailed information than do novices or even advanced students. However, if physicians of different expertise levels are asked to write down the details of a given case, advanced medical students recall more information than experts. This phenomenon was called the ,intermediate effect' and is considered to be a specific feature of medical expertise. The aim of the here presented study was to examine this observation in the domain of dental medicine. Materials and methods:, Sixty-one students and 20 specialised dentists participated in this study. Three clinical case descriptions were presented and afterwards the participants were told to write down all concrete information they remembered. Finally, they had to come up with a diagnosis. Interrater agreement, diagnostic accuracy and the recall explanation protocols were analysed statistically in comparison to state-of-the-art (canonical) explanations of the clinical cases. Results:, The mean interrater agreement was 96.2 ± 3.37%. It was shown statistically that the more experienced the participants, the more accurate their diagnoses were (P < 0.001). The statistical analysis using the Games-Howell test demonstrated significant more written recall of the 5th-year students compared with 3rd- and 4th-year students and experts (P < 0.05). Conclusion:, The results of this study suggest the existence of the intermediate effect in clinical case recall in dental medicine and thereby corroborate its importance and general applicability for different medical domains. [source]

Does Greater Firm-Specific Return Variation Mean More or Less Informed Stock Pricing?

JOURNAL OF ACCOUNTING RESEARCH, Issue 5 2003
Artyom Durnev
ABSTRACT Roll [1988] observes low R2 statistics for common asset pricing models due to vigorous firm-specific return variation not associated with public information. He concludes that this implies "either private information or else occasional frenzy unrelated to concrete information"[p. 56]. We show that firms and industries with lower market model R2 statistics exhibit higher association between current returns and future earnings, indicating more information about future earnings in current stock returns. This supports Roll's first interpretation: higher firm-specific return variation as a fraction of total variation signals more information-laden stock prices and, therefore, more efficient stock markets. [source]

Reputation building: beyond our control?

JOURNAL OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR, Issue 4 2010
Inferences in consumers' ethical perception formation
A company or brand's reputation is inherently linked to how ethically/unethically it is perceived to conduct its business. While it is generally assumed that consumers' ethical perceptions are either built on first-hand experiences or other concrete information, this research demonstrates that reputation can be influenced by processes outside the company's direct control. The article is based on interviews with general consumers and presents the finding that, in the absence of concrete information or personal experience, consumers may infer ethical beliefs. Four distinct types of cues may instigate ethical inferences and act as surrogate indicators: product-, company-, category- and origin-related cues. A framework that illustrates the hierarchical structure of the various cues depending on their level of specificity is presented. The results suggest that controlling corporate reputation becomes increasingly challenging. Implications for marketing practitioners and general managers are discussed and further research opportunities highlighted. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

The New Economic Sociology of Prices: An Analysis Inspired by the Austrian School of Economics

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY, Issue 2 2010
Renaud Fillieule
The new economic sociology includes some reference studies on the sociology of prices. They have not until now been studied by economists, and this article attempts to fill that gap by offering a detailed analysis, inspired by the Austrian School of Economics, of their object and approach. We first show that, from a theoretical point of view, the explanations advanced by these sociologists are based implicitly on basic models of economics, such as the "law of supply and demand" and the "law of costs," and that they cannot therefore replace economic explanations of prices. Secondly, from a methodological point of view, these studies are based on field surveys that provide concrete information on certain markets but they lose sight of an aspect that is fundamental to the Austrian School, the interdependence of prices in different markets. And when this interdependence is taken into account, namely, in the case of the relationship between cost and price, the causal link postulated by sociologists goes from cost to price when Austrian economists argue that it goes in the opposite direction. [source]