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Concluding Section (concluding + section)
Selected AbstractsFemale Academics in a Knowledge Production SocietyHIGHER EDUCATION QUARTERLY, Issue 4 2002Erica Halvorsen In the latter half of the twentieth century, the ,Professional Society' was, and continues to be, replaced by a ,Knowledge Society'. One of the characteristics of the ,Professional Society' was its masculine culture and hierarchies. This paper examines the effect that the shift from a ,Professional Society' to a ,Knowledge Society' has had on the careers of female academics. It considers the career paths of vice,chancellors and goes on to examine the effects of geographical mobility on promotions. In addition, the significance of high proportions of professors in highly,rated research departments, and the gender implications of that, is examined. In the concluding section it is argued that, while universities continue to support the hierarchies of the ,Professional Society', it is to the detriment both of women and of knowledge production. [source] Investment in the public good through conditional phenotypes of large effectJOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY, Issue 5 2009G. WILD Abstract We investigate the evolution of an individual's willingness to invest in a public good (what we call, helping) in a patch-structured population with limited natal dispersal. We assume that an individual's decision to invest is informed by its dispersal status: an individual makes one decision given it is native to the patch on which it breeds, and is free to make a different decision given that it is not native to the patch on which it breeds. Unlike previous work, we assume that investment in the public good, and the public good, itself, both have a large effect on individual fecundity. Kin selection analysis reveals that only extreme investment decisions (i.e. ,always invest' or ,never invest') can be evolutionarily stable. Numerical results suggest that the evolutionary instability of the ,never invest' phenotype (what we call, complete nonhelping) implies the evolutionary stability of ,always invest' (what we call, complete helping). In addition, numerical results show that bistability of extreme phenotypes is possible, indicating that the adaptive significance of altruism, in this context, is greater than has been previously recognized. Numerical results are supported by computer simulation, and results, themselves, are briefly discussed in a concluding section. [source] G. H. Mead in the history of sociological ideasJOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF THE BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES, Issue 1 2006Filipe Carreira da Silva My aim is to discuss the history of the reception of George Herbert Mead's ideas in sociology. After discussing the methodological debate between presentism and historicism, I address the interpretations of those responsible for Mead's inclusion in the sociological canon: Herbert Blumer, Jürgen Habermas, and Hans Joas. In the concluding section, I assess these reconstructions of Mead's thought and suggest an alternative more consistent with my initial methodological remarks. In particular, I advocate a reconstruction of Mead's ideas that apprehends simultaneously its evolution over time and its thematic breadth. Such a historically minded reconstruction can be not only a useful corrective to possible anachronisms incurred by contemporary social theorists, but also a fruitful resource for their theory-building endeavors. Only then can meaningful and enriching dialogue with Mead begin. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source] Recent Developments in the Safety Regime for Naval Ship DesignQUALITY AND RELIABILITY ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL, Issue 1 2006David Andrews Abstract This paper brings together the issues presented by the author to the two International Maritime Conferences on Design for Safety, held in Glasgow in 1999 and in Osaka in 2004. To appreciate how the safety issues for naval ships differ from those for merchant vessels, it is necessary to consider how naval ship design differs from that for most merchant ships. The paper outlines the features of the U.K. Naval Ship Safety Regime and the most significant change since its 1998 implementation, the introduction of Naval Ship Classification. The second aspect of relevance is the role of the Design Authority for a new class of warships, now that the direct design of such vessels is no longer undertaken within the relevant government procurement agency. An important safety management feature, within this arrangement, is the role of the Naval Authority, which is outlined, prior to a concluding section considering the ways in which the current Naval Ship Safety Regime might be developed further. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Employment, flexible working and the familyTHE BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY, Issue 4 2002Rosemary Crompton ABSTRACT This paper assesses some of the implications of one of the major social changes to have taken place in the West during the second half of the twentieth century , that is, the increased employment of women, together with normative changes in gender relations and in women's expectations. These changes have been linked to an increase in individualism, which itself is associated with the transcendence of ,first modernity'. Thus it is suggested that new approaches to social analysis are required (Beck). Here it is argued that, rather than develop completely new approaches in order to grasp the changes that are under way, the ,economic' and the ,social' (that is, employment and the family) should be seen as intertwined, rather than approached as separate phenomena. Past debates in feminism, changes in the family, and flexible employment are critically examined. The growing tensions between employment and family life are discussed. It is argued that these changes are associated with the intensification of capitalist development, rather than reflecting a fundamental transformation of society. Existing approaches to the analysis of social change, including Polanyi's analysis of the development of ,counter-movements' against the ,self-regulating' market, will, therefore, still be relevant to our enquiries. In the concluding section, a programme of research that would examine these changes is outlined. [source] Legislating Against Climate Change: A UK Perspective on a Sisyphean ChallengeTHE MODERN LAW REVIEW, Issue 3 2009Article first published online: 1 MAY 200, Mark Stallworthy The UK's Climate Change Act offers a framework for civil society to achieve ,low carbon' realignment through to 2050. The Act is reviewed for its coherence as a mechanism for directing future policy. The legislation establishes a carbon budgetary process, mandates greenhouse gas reduction targets and strategies, and imposes a novel range of duties supported by processes for ensuring transparency concerning progress. Following an overview of climate change risks and likely economic consequences, the analysis identifies selected regulatory strategies. It explores the main statutory features, with an emphasis upon the implications of imposing mandatory duties on decision makers. An evaluation of the key policy choice of emissions trading is informed by perspectives of environmental justice, in particular as to questions of equitable burden-sharing in relation to impacts of climate change and related policies. A concluding section summarises reasonable expectations and ongoing challenges. [source] New CEO Openness to Change and Strategic Persistence: The Moderating Role of Industry CharacteristicsBRITISH JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT, Issue 2 2003Deepak K. Datta Drawing on the upper echelons, managerial discretion and strategic contingency perspectives we examine the relationships between newly chosen CEOs' openness to change and firm strategic persistence in the post-succession phase. This study is different from prior studies on the consequences of CEO succession in that it focuses on specific characteristics of the new CEO (that reflect his/her knowledge-base and cognitive orientations) and the industry context rather than purely on the event of succession. Based on a sample of 132 successions in 118 firms in the US manufacturing sector, and after controlling for industry concentration, board power, firm size and pre-succession performance, we find a negative relationship between CEOs' openness to change and post-succession strategic persistence. Interestingly, our findings indicate that this relationship is moderated by industry characteristics in that the negative association between CEO openness to change and strategic persistence is significant in high-discretion but not in low-discretion industries. Contributions of the paper to the CEO succession and strategic change literatures along with the managerial implications of our findings are discussed in the concluding section of the paper. [source] Adverse outcome pathways: A conceptual framework to support ecotoxicology research and risk assessmentENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY, Issue 3 2010Gerald T. Ankley Abstract Ecological risk assessors face increasing demands to assess more chemicals, with greater speed and accuracy, and to do so using fewer resources and experimental animals. New approaches in biological and computational sciences may be able to generate mechanistic information that could help in meeting these challenges. However, to use mechanistic data to support chemical assessments, there is a need for effective translation of this information into endpoints meaningful to ecological risk,effects on survival, development, and reproduction in individual organisms and, by extension, impacts on populations. Here we discuss a framework designed for this purpose, the adverse outcome pathway (AOP). An AOP is a conceptual construct that portrays existing knowledge concerning the linkage between a direct molecular initiating event and an adverse outcome at a biological level of organization relevant to risk assessment. The practical utility of AOPs for ecological risk assessment of chemicals is illustrated using five case examples. The examples demonstrate how the AOP concept can focus toxicity testing in terms of species and endpoint selection, enhance across-chemical extrapolation, and support prediction of mixture effects. The examples also show how AOPs facilitate use of molecular or biochemical endpoints (sometimes referred to as biomarkers) for forecasting chemical impacts on individuals and populations. In the concluding sections of the paper, we discuss how AOPs can help to guide research that supports chemical risk assessments and advocate for the incorporation of this approach into a broader systems biology framework. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:730,741. © 2009 SETAC [source] Correcting misconceptions about the development of social work in China: a response to Hutchings and TaylorINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WELFARE, Issue 1 2008Cunfu Jia Hutchings and Taylor, in their article entitled ,Defining the profession? Exploring an international definition of social work in the China context'[International Journal of Social Welfare 16: 381,389], no doubt had good intentions in offering their account of the development of social work in China, as the opening and concluding sections of the article show. Within the text, however, their critique of contemporary social work in China is, in my opinion, unfair in relation to, among other things, (i) the undemocratic nature of the Chinese political system, which they say hinders the development of social work in China; (ii) the ideology of the Communist Party, the government, and traditional Chinese culture, which they say are at odds with Western social work's value system and methodology; thus concluding that (iii) it is doubtful whether social work development in China could integrate with that of the international community. In this response, I comment on (i) the information base of the authors; (ii) the disconnection between their conceptualisation and historical facts; and (iii) their use of the international definition of social work. [source] | |||||||||||||