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Concentric Circles (concentric + circle)
Selected Abstracts,Concentric Circles' at the Periphery of the European UnionAUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF POLITICS AND HISTORY, Issue 3 2000Karis Muller After World War II when the governments of several European states attempted to form supranational groupings, colonial obligations posed problems that persist to this day. The article traces immediate postwar history, outlining the present relationship between the EC institutions and what remain of member-state Empires, before proceeding to two case studies. The first concerns the ramifications of ,Euroland' in present or past dependencies after European Monetary Union. The second considers the role of European dependencies in military alliances and analyses how one of the founding Treaties was used in the mid-1990s after the discovery that it applied extra-territorially. The conclusion is that the external border of multi-speed Europe is even more variable than it might otherwise be because of the attachments some member states retain to colonial remnants. [source] Elders assessment of an evolving model of oral healthGERODONTOLOGY, Issue 4 2007Mario A Brondani Objectives:, To evaluate qualitatively a model of oral health through focus groups among elders. Methods:, The participants (30 women and 12 men; mean age: 75 years) attended one of six focus groups to discuss the relevance of the model to their oral health-related beliefs and experiences, and transcripts of the narratives were analysed systematically for the components, associations and recommendations emerging from the discussions. Results:, The groups confirmed the relevance of the original components of the model with minor modifications, but felt that for completeness it required four additional components: diet; economic priorities; personal expectations; and health values and beliefs. They recommended that the negative connotations of limited activity, impairment and restricted participation were modified with the positive terms activity and participation, and they suggested that ellipses rather than concentric circles more aptly illustrate the dynamic and overlapping importance of the various components in the model. Conclusion:, The original model required additional components and graphic representation to accommodate all of the experiences and beliefs relating to the oral health of the elders who participated in this qualitative study. [source] Assimilation and contrast in optical illusions1JAPANESE PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH, Issue 1 2007TAKUO GOTO Abstract: This study has focused on how assimilation and contrast correlate with the generating processes of various optical illusions. First of all, we defined the meanings of assimilation and contrast from two viewpoints, namely, phenomena and mechanisms. We then examined the characteristic appearances of the Delboeuf illusion as a typical size illusion caused by assimilation and contrast, by referring to major studies on this illusion in Japan. To confirm the different size-judgment processes operating in size illusions of concentric circles, quadrilaterals, lines, and angles, we explored the magnitude of illusion, including peak and conversion from overestimation to underestimation. The consistent occurrences of peak and conversion indicated the antagonistic correlations of assimilation and contrast in the generation of these illusions. Manipulation of figural unification using solid and non-solid segments had no effect on these illusions, which were constructed almost by their own specific contour-patterns. Finally, we tried to incorporate assimilation and contrast into our proposition that the combination of three factors (angle/direction, space/position, and assimilation/contrast) explains the generation of many optical illusions. [source] THE L.A. SCHOOL AND POLITICS,NOIR: BRINGING THE LOCAL STATE BACK INJOURNAL OF URBAN AFFAIRS, Issue 5 2009STEVEN P. ERIE ABSTRACT:,This essay critically reevaluates two key components of the L.A. School of Urbanism research program. First, we reconsider the L.A. School's alternative to the concentric circles model of urban growth developed by the Chicago School. Second, we reexamine its account of Los Angeles's modern development and transformation into a global city. We conclude that the L.A. School, much like the Chicago School it critiques, pays insufficient attention to politics and political institutions. Understanding how Los Angeles improbably grew from a frontier town to regional imperium and global city requires urban scholars to bring the local state back in. Based on recent scholarship, we argue that the local state played a critical and, frequently, autonomous role in key policy areas, such as city planning and water provision. By bringing the local state back into the L.A. growth story, L.A. scholars can offer a more robust theory of urban growth. [source] Microtribological behaviour of thin DLC films using different testing methodsLUBRICATION SCIENCE, Issue 2 2006R. Bandorf Abstract To enhance the lifetime and reliability of microcomponents, thin microtribological films are applied to microparts. With reduction of the component size, investigation methods for tribological testing must be adapted. This paper studies the microtribological behaviour of thin diamond-like carbon (DLC) films using different testing methods. To tie in with macroscopic results, to determine friction we used the well-known pin-on-disc test with spherical surfaces of 10,mm diameter under a typical load of 3,N. For investigations of the behaviour under single asperity contact, Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) methods with applied loads of a few hundred micronewtons were used. Investigations on thin DLC films showed that the friction coefficient under single asperity contact is strongly dependent on the applied load and the resulting contact area. Especially for thin films (up to a few hundred nanometres) the friction coefficient is influenced by the substrate material. With decreasing substrate Young's modulus the friction coefficient also decreases. On the other hand, an increase in the abrasive wear resistance was observed using soft substrate materials. In this paper we show that the friction coefficient was also reduced by a simple surface structure. For investigations we used photolithography to create concentric circles in different substrates. This resulted in a behaviour like riding on rails for the pin-on-disc test. Depending on the tribological pairing the friction coefficient was reduced to more than 50% of the original value. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Colorimetric study of SCOTDIC colour specifierCOLORATION TECHNOLOGY, Issue 5 2008Asim Kumar Roy Choudhury In this study, SCOTDIC cotton standard colours (a physical exemplification of the Munsell system) were studied extensively. L*, a*, b* values were measured and plotted to check the uniformity of the Munsell (SCOTDIC) hue, value and chroma values in a CIELAB diagram. Although for some borderline hues the hue angles were quite different than expected (around 0° or 360°), the correlation between SCOTDIC hue and CIELAB hue angle was fairly good and the correlation between SCOTDIC value and CIELAB lightness was also quite high. However, the correlation between SCOTDIC chroma and CIELAB chroma was only moderate. In the CIELAB diagram, the constant SCOTDIC hue and constant chroma loci took the shape of approximately linear radial lines starting from the origin and approximately concentric circles with the origin as their centres, respectively. However, some deviations were observed for high chroma colours and yellow hues in the respective cases. The instrumentally predicted Munsell notations were compared with the actual SCOTDIC notations. Some deviations of the SCOTDIC system from the Munsell system were observed. [source] | ||||||||||