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Congress

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Medical Sciences45%
Humanities and Social Sciences29%
Life Sciences8%
Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting5%
Law and Criminology3%
Chemistry3%
5 Other Domains7%
Distribution within Medical Sciences
Dermatology8%
Surgery & Surgical Specialties6%
Transplantation4%
50 Other Subdomains82%

Kinds of Congress

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  • annual congress
  • annual scientific congress
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  • biennial congress
  • european congress
  • international congress
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  • national congress
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  • u.s. congress
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  • us congress
  • world congress

    • Selected Abstracts

    24TH INTERNATIONAL EPILEPSY CONGRESS ANNOUNCES ILAE/IBE AWARDS

    EPILEPSIA, Issue 7 2001
    Article first published online: 20 DEC 200
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    THE FIFTH WORLD CONGRESS ON FAMILY LAW AND THE RIGHTS OF CHILDREN AND YOUTH

    FAMILY COURT REVIEW, Issue 3 2010
    Hon. Joseph V. Kay
    Editor's note on the 5th World Congress on Family Law and Children's Rights held in Halifax Nova Scotia, August 23,26, 2009 [source]

    AFRICA WORLD BUSINESS CONGRESS: Africa Favourable for Investments

    AFRICA RESEARCH BULLETIN: ECONOMIC, FINANCIAL AND TECHNICAL SERIES, Issue 2 2009
    Article first published online: 7 APR 200
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL PHYCOLOGICAL CONGRESS 2005

    JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY, Issue 2 2005
    19 August 200, International Convention Centre Durban SOUTH AFRICA 1
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    IX CONGRESS OF THE LATIN AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR SEXUAL MEDICINE NOVEMBER 29-DECEMBER 1, 2007, LIMA, PERU

    THE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 2008
    Article first published online: 5 DEC 200
    First page of article [source]

    6TH BIENNIAL CONGRESS OF THE AFRICA GULF SOCIETY FOR SEXUAL MEDICINE DECEMBER 13-15, 2007, DUBAI, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

    THE JOURNAL OF SEXUAL MEDICINE, Issue 2008
    Article first published online: 5 DEC 200
    First page of article [source]

    VIII INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF REPRODUCTIVE IMMUNOLOGY

    AMERICAN JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 1 2001
    Croatia, Grand Hotel Adriatic, July , Opatija
    First page of article [source]

    THE 8TH WORLD CONGRESS OF BIOETHICS, BEIJING, AUGUST 2006.

    BIOETHICS, Issue 8 2007
    A JUST AND HEALTHY SOCIETY
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    BEIJING IS THE VENUE OF THE 2006 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BIOETHICS WORLD CONGRESS

    BIOETHICS, Issue 3 2006
    RUTH CHADWICK
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    Science, Policy Advocacy, and Marine Protected Areas

    CONSERVATION BIOLOGY, Issue 2 2009
    NOELLA J. GRAY
    área marina cabildeo político; protegida; credibilidad; positivismo Abstract:,Much has been written in recent years regarding whether and to what extent scientists should engage in the policy process, and the focus has been primarily on the issue of advocacy. Despite extensive theoretical discussions, little has been done to study attitudes toward and consequences of such advocacy in particular cases. We assessed attitudes toward science and policy advocacy in the case of marine protected areas (MPAs) on the basis of a survey of delegates at the First International Marine Protected Areas Congress. Delegates were all members of the international marine conservation community and represented academic, government, and nongovernmental organizations. A majority of respondents believed science is objective but only a minority believed that values can be eliminated from science. Respondents showed only partial support of positivist principles of science. Almost all respondents supported scientists being integrated into MPA policy making, whereas half of the respondents agreed that scientists should actively advocate for particular MPA policies. Scientists with a positivist view of science supported a minimal role for scientists in policy, whereas government staff with positivist beliefs supported an advocacy or decision-making role for scientists. Policy-making processes for MPAs need to account for these divergent attitudes toward science and advocacy if science-driven and participatory approaches are to be reconciled. Resumen:,Mucho se ha escrito en años recientes sobre sí y hasta que punto deben involucrarse los científicos en el proceso político, y el enfoque ha sido principalmente en el tema del cabildeo. No obstante extensas discusiones teóricas, se ha hecho poco para estudiar las actitudes hacia y las consecuencias del cabildeo en casos particulares. Evaluamos actitudes hacia la ciencia y el cabildeo político en el caso de áreas marinas protegidas (AMP) con base en un muestreo de delegados en el Primer Congreso Internacional de Áreas Marinas Protegidas (1CIAMP). Todos los delegados eran miembros de comunidad internacional de conservación marina y representaban a organizaciones académicas, gubernamentales y no gubernamentales. La mayoría de respondientes consideraron que la ciencia es objetiva pero solo una minoría creyó que los valores pueden ser eliminados de la ciencia. Los respondientes mostraron apoyo solo parcial a los principios positivistas de la ciencia. Casi todos los respondientes apoyaron que los científicos deben ser integrados a la definición de políticas para las AMP, mientras que la mitad de los respondientes estuvo de acuerdo en que los científicos deben cabildear activamente a favor de políticas AMP particulares. Los científicos con una visión positivista de la ciencia apoyaron un papel mínimo para los científicos en política, mientras que el personal gubernamental con creencias positivistas apoyó un papel en el cabildeo y toma de decisiones para los científicos. Los procesos de definición de políticas para AMP deben considerar estas actitudes divergentes hacia la ciencia y el cabildeo sí se quiere reconciliar a los métodos basados en ciencia y los participativos. [source]

    Beyond Reaping the First Harvest: Management Objectives for Timber Production in the Brazilian Amazon

    CONSERVATION BIOLOGY, Issue 4 2007
    DANIEL J. ZARIN
    manejo de bosques; producción sostenida; sustentabilidad; tala de impacto reducido Abstract:,Millions of hectares of future timber concessions are slated to be implemented within large public forests under the forest law passed in 2006 by the Brazilian Congress. Additional millions of hectares of large, privately owned forests and smaller areas of community forests are certified as well managed by the Forest Stewardship Council, based on certification standards that will be reviewed in 2007. Forest size and ownership are two key factors that influence management objectives and the capacity of forest managers to achieve them. Current best ecological practices for timber production from Brazil's native Amazon forests are limited to reduced-impact logging (RIL) systems that minimize the environmental impacts of harvest operations and that obey legal restrictions regarding minimum diameters, rare species, retention of seed trees, maximum logging intensity, preservation of riparian buffers, fire protection, and wildlife conservation. Compared with conventional, predatory harvesting that constitutes >90% of the region's timber production, RIL dramatically reduces logging damage and helps maintain forest cover and the presence of rare tree species, but current RIL guidelines do not assure that the volume of timber removed can be sustained in future harvests. We believe it is counterproductive to expect smallholders to subscribe to additional harvest limitations beyond RIL, that larger private forested landholdings managed for timber production should be sustainable with respect to the total volume of timber harvested per unit area per cutting cycle, and that large public forests should sustain volume production of individual harvested species. These additional requirements would improve the ecological sustainability of forest management and help create a stable forest-based sector of the region's economy, but would involve costs associated with lengthened cutting cycles, reduced harvest intensities, and/or postharvest silviculture to promote adequate growth and regeneration. Resumen:,Bajo la nueva ley forestal aprobada en 2006 por el Congreso Brasileño, millones de hectáreas de bosques públicos están destinadas a constituir futuras concesiones madereras. Millones de hectáreas adicionales de extensos bosques privados y áreas reducidas de bosques comunitarios están certificadas por el Forest Stewardship Council por su buen manejo, con base en estándares de certificación que serán revisados en 2007. La extensión y tenencia del bosque son dos factores clave que influyen en los objetivos de manejo y en la capacidad de los manejadores para alcanzarlos. Las mejores prácticas ecológicas actuales para la producción de madera en los bosques de la Amazonía Brasileña están limitadas a sistemas de tala de impacto reducido (TIR) que minimizan los impactos ambientales de las operaciones de cosecha y que obedecen restricciones legales en relación con los diámetros mínimos, las especies raras, la retención de árboles semilla, la máxima intensidad de tala, la preservación de amortiguamientos ribereños, la protección del fuego y la conservación de vida silvestre. En comparación con la cosecha convencional, depredadora, mediante la cual se obtiene >90% de la producción de madera en la región, la TIR dramáticamente reduce el daño y ayuda a mantener la cobertura del bosque y la presencia de especies de árboles raras, pero los actuales lineamientos de TIR no aseguran que el volumen de madera removida pueda ser sostenido en futuras cosechas. Consideramos que es contraproducente esperar que los pequeños propietarios suscriban límites a la cosecha más allá de la TIR; que los bosques privados manejados para la producción de madera debieran ser sustentables respecto al volumen total de madera cosechada por unidad de área por ciclo de corte; y que los bosques públicos deberían sustentar el volumen de producción de especies individuales. Estos requerimientos adicionales mejorarían la sustentabilidad ecológica del manejo de bosques y ayudaría a crear un sector forestal estable en la economía regional, pero implicarían costos asociados con la prolongación de los ciclos de corte, la reducción de las intensidades de cosecha y/o la silvicultura postcosecha para promover el crecimiento adecuado y la regeneración. [source]

    8th Congress of the European Society of Contact Dermatitis

    CONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 5 2005
    16 September 200, Berlin, Germany
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    TAX REVISIONS OF 2004 AND PRO SPORTS TEAM OWNERSHIP

    CONTEMPORARY ECONOMIC POLICY, Issue 4 2010
    N. EDWARD COULSON
    Tax law revisions of 2004 altered the "roster depreciation allowance" enjoyed by pro sports team owners. Supporters claimed this would practically eliminate costly legal oversight by the IRS and, ultimately, increase owner tax bills. Government officials and leagues remained silent on team value impacts but outside analysts argued they would rise by 5%. We model this policy change and investigate it empirically. Supporters in Congress were absolutely correct that owner tax payments should increase but outside analysts underestimated team value increases by half. No wonder Major League Baseball and the National Football League favored the revision. (JEL D21, G38, H25, L83) [source]

    Sarbanes Oxley Section 404 Costs of Compliance: a case study

    CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, Issue 2 2007
    Lineke Sneller
    In 2002 US Congress approved the Sarbanes Oxley Act (SOX). Section 404 requires companies to assess their internal controls and acquire an attestation of this assessment from their external auditor. In this paper, we investigate the costs of compliance of this assessment and attestation. The European division of a US listed company is used as a case study. The divisional project approach is described, and costs of compliance for this division are presented in two categories: assessment costs, mainly hours spent by internal staff; and attestation costs, mainly audit fees. The case study shows that the internal hours spent on assessment are approximately 12 times higher than the initial estimate made by the SEC in 2002, and that the realised other expenses are approximately 1.4 times higher than this estimate. Furthermore, a year on year increase of 50 per cent of the company's audit fee in the first year of Section 404 compliance is found. Companies can reduce the costs of compliance by implementing programmed controls, using auditors from countries with lower rates, remediating material weaknesses only, focusing on the internal control system rather than on individual controls, and by encouraging the auditor to rely on the company's assessment. [source]

    UNITED STATES V. BOOKER AS A NATURAL EXPERIMENT: USING EMPIRICAL RESEARCH TO INFORM THE FEDERAL SENTENCING POLICY DEBATE,

    CRIMINOLOGY AND PUBLIC POLICY, Issue 3 2007
    PAUL J. HOFER
    Research Summary: In United States v. Booker, the U.S. Supreme Court held that the federal sentencing guidelines must be considered advisory, rather than mandatory, if they are to remain constitutional under the Sixth Amendment. Since the decision, the U.S. Sentencing Commission has provided policy makers with accurate and current data on changes and continuity in federal sentencing practices. Unlike previous changes in legal doctrine, Booker immediately increased the rates of upward and downward departures from the guideline range. Government-sponsored downward departures remain the leading category of outside,the-range sentences. The rate of within-range sentences, although lower than in the period immediately preceding Booker, remains near rates observed earlier in the guidelines era. Despite the increase in departures, average sentence lengths for the overall caseload remain stable, because of offsetting increases in the seriousness of the crimes being sentenced and in the severity of penalties for those crimes. Analyses of the reasons that judges reported for downward departures suggest that treatment of criminal history and offender characteristics are the two leading areas of dissatisfaction with the guidelines. Policy Implications: Assessment of changes in sentencing practices following Booker by different observers depends partly on competing institutional perspectives and on different degrees of trust in the judgment of judges, prosecutors, the Sentencing Commission, and Congress. No agreement on whether Booker has bettered or worsened the system can be achieved until agreement exists on priorities among the purposes of sentencing and the goals of sentencing reform. Both this lack of agreement and an absence of needed data make consensus on Booker's effects on important sentencing goals, such as reduction of unwarranted disparity, unlikely in the near future. Similarly, lack of baseline data before Booker on the effectiveness of federal sentencing at crime control makes before-after comparisons impossible. Despite these limitations, research provides a sounder framework for policy making than do anecdotes or speculation and sets valuable empirical parameters for the federal sentencing policy debate. [source]

    Fourteenth World Congress on Dental Traumatology Reykjavik, Iceland , May 5,7, 2005

    DENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2005
    Anthony J. DiAngelis
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    Congress, Kissinger, and the Origins of Human Rights Diplomacy

    DIPLOMATIC HISTORY, Issue 5 2010
    Barbara Keys
    The Congressional "human rights insurgency" of 1973,1977 centered on the holding of public hearings to shame countries engaging in human rights abuses and on legislation cutting off aid and trade to violators. Drawing on recently declassified documents, this article shows that the State Department's thoroughly intransigent response to Congressional human rights legislation, particularly Section 502B, was driven by Kissinger alone, against the advice of his closest advisers. Many State Department officials, usually from a mixture of pragmatism and conviction, argued for cooperation with Congress or for taking the initiative on human rights issues. Kissinger's adamant refusal to cooperate left Congress to implement a reactive, punitive, and unilateral approach that would set the human rights agenda long after the Ford administration left office. [source]

    The Congressional Debate over U.S. Participation in the Congress of Panama, 1825,1826: Washington's Farewell Address, Monroe's Doctrine, and the Fundamental Principles of U.S. Foreign Policy

    DIPLOMATIC HISTORY, Issue 5 2006
    Jeffrey J. Malanson
    First page of article [source]

    The Bitter End and the Lost Chance in Vietnam: Congress, the Ford Administration, and the Battle Over Vietnam, 1975,76

    DIPLOMATIC HISTORY, Issue 2 2000
    T. Christopher Jespersen
    First page of article [source]

    International Congress on Invertebrate Morphology , plenary papers

    ACTA ZOOLOGICA, Issue 1 2010
    Graham E. Budd
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    Developing medical countermeasures: from BioShield to BARDA

    DRUG DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH, Issue 4 2009
    Jonathan B. TuckerArticle first published online: 12 JUN 200
    Abstract The U.S. Congress passed the Project BioShield Act in 2004 to create market incentives for the private sector to develop medical countermeasures (MCMs) against high-priority chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear threats. Two years later, Congress patched recognized gaps in the BioShield legislation by adopting the Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Act of 2006, which established the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) within the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). BARDA provides financial and managerial support for companies developing MCMs. This article examines U.S. government efforts in the MCM field and prospects for the future. Drug Dev Res 70:224,233, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

    Tools for planning and coordinating development of medical countermeasures in the public sector

    DRUG DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH, Issue 4 2009
    Ian Manger
    Abstract In spite of significant increases in biodefense spending in the 7 years since the 2001 anthrax attacks, the United States may not yet be fully prepared to respond effectively to many potential biothreats. The principal reasons appear to be that: (1) the problem is extremely complex, and the metrics for success are often unclear; (2) although the US Congress has allocated substantial resources for this effort, these funds are insufficient for the task as initially conceived, i.e., "one drug for each bug;" and (3) there is insufficient coordination among the many agencies working to achieve the goal of protecting the nation from biothreats. In the last few years, much of the biodefense community has come to recognize that an approach that focuses on developing and stockpiling a medical countermeasure (MCM) for each possible biothreat agent is unachievable for reasons of cost, time, and the sheer diversity of emerging threats. Promising alternative models are emerging, including broad spectrum and technology platform approaches, but the requisite cross-agency planning and coordination, although improving, is still problematic. We have developed a set of software tools and methods for using them that could support the desired coordination and that could also provide for more rapid, comprehensive, and shared identification of key enabling technologies for accomplishing the development of effective medical countermeasures in time to counter or prevent a biothreat. The tools and methods could also make possible a collaborative public-private partnership for the development of MCM, which many believe is critical to success. Drug Dev Res 70:327,334, 2009 © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

    Federal regulation and the American economy

    ECONOMIC AFFAIRS, Issue 2 2001
    Thomas A. Gray
    This article begins by assessing the cost of Federal regulation in the United States and how it has changed over time. It shows that there have been periods when these costs have fallen but that the trend is upwards. Some regulations result in net benefits but many produce more costs than benefits and the costs bear most heavily on smaller firms. Various measures taken to control regulatory activities are reviewed. The article ends with a plea for Congress to take responsibility for the quality of regulation instead of leaving it to the regulatory agencies and the President. [source]

    More power to the European Parliament?

    ECONOMIC POLICY, Issue 35 2002
    Abdul G. Noury
    SUMMARY Many observers have expressed scepticism about granting more power to the European Parliament. The sceptics believe that Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) do not vote in a disciplined way and that they vote more often with their country group than with their European Party. Using a unique database consisting of all roll call votes by each individual MEP between 1989 and 1999 (over 6000 votes by over 1000 different MEPs), we show that the sceptics are wrong. Our data shows clearly that MEPs vote more along party lines than along country lines. Party cohesion is comparable to that of the US Congress and is increasing over time whereas country cohesion is low and declining. In short, politics in the European Parliament generally follows the traditional left,right divide that one finds in all European nations. These findings are valid across issues, even on issues like the structural and cohesion funds where one would expect country rather than party cohesion. In votes where the EP has the most power , those held under the so-called co-decision procedure , MEPs participate more and are more party-cohesive. In our opinion, this unique empirical analysis provides grounds for justifying a generalization of the co-decision procedure. [source]

    Political Determinants of Intergovernmental Grants: Evidence From Argentina

    ECONOMICS & POLITICS, Issue 3 2001
    Alberto Porto
    This paper explores the determinants of federal grants allocation across provincial states in Argentina. Our analysis suggests that the redistributive pattern implicit in the federal system of intergovernmental grants cannot be explained on normative grounds exclusively. In order to understand the rationale behind federal grants distribution, a positive approach could render better results. Specifically, we claim that the distribution of federal grants could be associated with political variables such as the political representation of jurisdictions at Congress. The econometric analysis suggests that the significant disparity observed in the per capita representation across different provinces is an important factor explaining the allocation of those transfers. In this respect, overrepresented provinces, both at the senate and at the lower chamber, have received, on average, higher resources from the national government compared to more populous and less represented states. These results are consistent with those observed in other countries. [source]

    A novel amphibian tier 2 testing protocol: A 30-week exposure of Xenopus tropicalis to the antiandrogen flutamide

    ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY, Issue 3 2007
    Paul L. Knechtges
    Abstract In 1996, the U.S. Congress mandated the development of a screening program for endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) using validated test systems. Subsequently, the Endocrine Disruptor Screening and Testing Advisory Committee recommended the development of a standardized amphibian assay for tier 2 testing of EDCs. For that reason, a tier 2 testing protocol using Xenopus (Silurana) tropicalis and a 30-week, flow-through exposure to the antiandrogen flutamide from stage 46 tadpoles through sexually mature adult frogs were developed and evaluated in this pilot study. The endpoints for this study included measurements of frog body lengths and weights, liver weights, ovary/egg mass weights, testicular and ovarian histopathology, plasma vitellogenin levels, and notes on any abnormalities observed at necropsy. Increasing exposure concentrations to flutamide caused significant increases in frogs with no recognizable gonadal tissue and increased body and liver weights in male frogs, whereas the body lengths and weights decreased significantly in female frogs. Important issues must be resolved before a tier 2 amphibian assay can be further developed and validated, including the establishment of baseline values in the controls for the parameters under study; the maintenance, measurement, and timing of exposure concentrations; and the development of additional biomolecular markers of effect. This study demonstrated the feasibility of conducting long-term EDC exposure studies using X. tropicalis. [source]

    Ecological research in the office of research and development at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: An overview of new directions,,

    ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY, Issue 4 2000
    Rick A. Linthurst
    Abstract In virtually every major environmental act, Congress has required that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) ensure not only that the air be safe to breathe, the water safe to drink, and the food supply free of contamination, but also that the environment be protected. In response, the U.S. EPA's Office of Research and Development (ORD) has established research to improve ecosystem risk assessment and management, identifying it as one of the highest priority research areas for investment over the next 10 years. The research is intended to provide environmental managers with new tools and flexible guidance that reflect a holistic environmental management perspective of science and that can be applied both to common and unique problems. In keeping with its responsibility to provide the U.S. EPA with science that supports a dynamic changing regulatory agenda, the ORD has set the goal of its Ecological Research Program to "provide the scientific understanding required to measure, model, maintain and/or restore, at multiple scales, the integrity and sustainability of ecosystems now, and in the future." In the context of this program, ecological integrity is defined in relative terms as the maintenance of ecosystem structure and function characteristic of a reference condition deemed appropriate for its use by society, and sustainability is defined as the ability of an ecosystem to maintain relative ecological integrity into the future. Therefore, the research program will emphasize relative risk and consider the impact of multiple stressors, at multiple scales and at multiple levels of biological organization. The program will also shift from chemical to biological and physical stressors to a far greater extent than in the past. The purpose of this paper is to provide an introduction to the U.S. EPA's changing ecological research program. [source]

    Notes on the origins of Epilepsia and the International League Against Epilepsy

    EPILEPSIA, Issue 3 2009
    Simon D. Shorvon
    Summary The recent discovery of archival material has shed interesting light on the origins of Epilepsia and also the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE). The idea of an international journal devoted to epilepsy seems first to have arisen from talks between Dr. L. J. J. Muskens and Dr. W. Aldren Turner in 1905. A protracted series of subsequent letters between Muskens and a Haarlem publisher show how the idea slowly took shape. The committee of patronage, editorial board, and editorial assistants was probably first approached at the First International Congress of Psychiatry, Neurology, Psychology, and Nursing of the Insane, held in Amsterdam in 1907. At this meeting, the concept of an international organization to fight epilepsy (to become the ILAE) was also first proposed in public, again by Muskens. The concept of the ILAE was clearly modeled on another international organization,the International Commission for the Study of the Causes of Mental Diseases and Their Prophylaxis. This Commission had been first publicly proposed in 1906 by Ludwig Frank, at the Second International Congress for the Care and Treatment of the Insane. The proposed Commission and ILAE shared many features, aims, and personnel. Despite an auspicious start, the International Commission was prevented by personal and political differences from ever actually coming into being. However, the first issue of Epilepsia appeared in March 1909 and the ILAE was inaugurated in August 1909; and both have flourished and celebrate their centenaries this year. [source]

    Global Congress on Dental Education and launch of a Global Network

    EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION, Issue 2008
    Patrick Ferrillo
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]

    Top three reasons to come to Kobe for the 14th International Congress of Immunology

    EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 1 2010
    Yousuke Takahama
    No abstract is available for this article. [source]