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Computer Reconstruction (computer + reconstruction)
Kinds of Computer Reconstruction Selected AbstractsThree-Dimensional Serial Section Computer Reconstruction of the Arrangement of the Structural Components of the Parabronchus of the Ostrich, Struthio Camelus LungTHE ANATOMICAL RECORD : ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE ANATOMY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY, Issue 11 2009John N. Maina ,Cubed' three-dimensional computer reconstruction (from serial sections) of the exchange tissue (parenchyma) of the lung of the ostrich, Struthio camelus showing the profuse anastomoses of the air capillaries (shown in cyan) and the blood capillaries (shown in red). While the two terminal respiratory units interdigitate very copiously as they interface intimately, thereby optimizing the respiratory surface area, regarding their size and shape, they are not mirror images as has previously been reported nor do they spatially form a counter-current arrangement, as they have been commonly modelled. See Maina et al., "Three-Dimensional Serial Section Computer Reconstruction of the Arrangement of the Structural Components of the Parabronchus of the Ostrich, Struthio Camelus Lung," on page 1685, in this issue. [source] Genital system anatomy and development of Ovatella myosotis by three-dimensional computer visualizationACTA ZOOLOGICA, Issue 2 2009Bernhard Ruthensteiner Abstract Adult anatomy as well as organogenesis of the genital system of the ellobiid pulmonate Ovatella myosotis is investigated in detail by means of serial sectioning and three-dimensional computer reconstruction and visualization. From the middle portion of the adult, which has four nidamental glands, a spermoviduct leads to a common genital aperture. From here two separate structures, the vas deferens and a groove on the body surface, lead anteriorly. The latter is termed the egg groove because it carries the egg ribbon anteriorly, a function that is recognized here for the first time in the Ellobiidae. The evolution of this structure is discussed. In development, the organ system arises from four separate anlagen: (1) the ovotestis anlage, (2) the pallial anlage giving rise to the hermaphrodite duct, fertilization pouch,spermatheca complex, nidamental glandular complex and spermoviduct, (3) the bursa copulatrix anlage and (4) the anlage of the copulatory organ, vas deferens and egg groove. This development mode strongly resembles that of the siphonariid Williamia radiata, supporting its interpretation as a plesiomorphy in Pulmonata. Similarities in development of primitive pulmonates and evolution in gastropods lead to the assumption that ontogenesis of this organ system reflects evolution to some degree. [source] Three-Dimensional Serial Section Computer Reconstruction of the Arrangement of the Structural Components of the Parabronchus of the Ostrich, Struthio Camelus LungTHE ANATOMICAL RECORD : ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE ANATOMY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY, Issue 11 2009John N. Maina ,Cubed' three-dimensional computer reconstruction (from serial sections) of the exchange tissue (parenchyma) of the lung of the ostrich, Struthio camelus showing the profuse anastomoses of the air capillaries (shown in cyan) and the blood capillaries (shown in red). While the two terminal respiratory units interdigitate very copiously as they interface intimately, thereby optimizing the respiratory surface area, regarding their size and shape, they are not mirror images as has previously been reported nor do they spatially form a counter-current arrangement, as they have been commonly modelled. See Maina et al., "Three-Dimensional Serial Section Computer Reconstruction of the Arrangement of the Structural Components of the Parabronchus of the Ostrich, Struthio Camelus Lung," on page 1685, in this issue. [source] The effect of oestrogen and testosterone on the urethral seam of the developing male mouse genital tubercleBJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 9 2003S. Yucel OBJECTIVES To describe the effects of exogenous oestrogens and androgens on urethral formation in the mouse, as the development of the mouse and human urethra have significant similarities, and understanding normal male urethral development may help to identify the causes of abnormal development, e.g. hypospadias. MATERIALS AND METHODS Timed-pregnant C57/6 mice were exposed to synthetic oestrogens and androgens. The morphology of the genital tubercles was examined histologically and with three-dimensional computer reconstruction. Specific attention was focused on the developing urethral seam. RESULTS Microscopic serial analysis confirmed the presence of an arrest in seam formation in about half of oestrogen-treated male fetuses. In contrast, there was acceleration of urethral fold fusion and a longer urethral tube in those treated with androgens. Oestrogen-treated fetuses had a thin periurethral spongiosa, in contrast to androgen-treated fetuses which developed a thicker periurethral spongiosa. The effect of oestrogens on seam area formation did not depend on the dose, but in contrast, in the androgen-treated fetuses it was. CONCLUSION Oestrogens and androgens have a direct effect on the fusion of the urethral fold that leads to seam formation. Normal urethral development depends on the delicate balance of these complementary hormones. [source] Female gametophyte development in Aristolochia labiata Willd. (Aristolochiaceae)BOTANICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY, Issue 1 2008ERIC N. MADRID Piperales are an extremely diverse angiosperm lineage in terms of female gametophyte structure and, as such, an excellent candidate for comparative investigations of developmental evolution. In Piperales, Aristolochiaceae are sister to clades in which several divergent patterns of female gametophyte development are prevalent. Outgroup comparisons and explicit analyses of character evolution demonstrate that Polygonum -type female gametophyte development and structure in Aristolochiaceae appears to represent the plesiomorphic condition from which the divergent ontogenies of Piperales evolved. Here, we present detailed analyses of female gametophyte development in Aristolochia labiata that combine light and confocal microscopy with three-dimensional computer reconstruction. Our reconstructions demonstrate that, at the two-nucleate stage of development, separation of nuclei to opposite poles of the female gametophyte does not appear to be dependent on vacuolar expansion as generally hypothesized. We also found a decrease in antipodal volume following formation of the secondary nucleus. Our data provide a baseline for future efforts to describe developmental modifications responsible for evolutionary transitions in female gametophyte ontogeny throughout Piperales. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 158, 19,29. [source] Radiographic Comparison of Three Methods for Nasal Saline Irrigation,THE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 8 2002David E. L. Olson MD Abstract Objective To compare intranasal distribution of saline solution delivered by three popular methods for nasal saline irrigation. Study Design Prospective, controlled comparison. Methods Eight healthy adult volunteers received nasal irrigation with 40 mL of isotonic, nonionic contrast material immediately before having coronal computed tomography to visualize distribution of solution in the paranasal sinuses. For each study subject, three methods of irrigation were used: irrigation using positive-pressure irrigation, irrigation using negative-pressure irrigation, and irrigation using a nebulizer. For each subject, three-dimensional computer reconstructions of the irrigated paranasal sinus airspaces were used to compare contrast solution volume and distribution achieved by the three methods. Results Of the three methods used, two methods, positive-pressure and negative-pressure irrigation, distributed contrast solution widely to ethmoid and maxillary sinuses, but distribution of contrast solution was more uniform using positive-pressure irrigation than using negative-pressure irrigation. The nebulization method distributed contrast solution poorly and resulted in a significantly lower volume of retained contrast solution (P <.05). Conclusion Judged solely on the basis of solution distribution in the nasal sinuses, nasal irrigation is effective when either positive-pressure or negative-pressure irrigation is used but is ineffective when a nebulizer is used. [source] | |||||||||||||