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Compound Systems (compound + system)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Engineering	60%

Selected Abstracts

Operating schedule of a combined energy network system with fuel cell

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH, Issue 13 2006
S. ObaraArticle first published online: 16 MAY 200
Abstract The chromosome model showing system operation pattern is applied to GA (genetic algorithm), and the method of optimization operation planning of energy system is developed. The optimization method of this operation planning was applied to the compound system of methanol-steam-reforming-type fuel cell, geothermal heat pump and the electrolysis tank of water. The operation planning was performed for the energy system using the energy demand pattern of the individual residence of Sapporo city. From analysis results, the amount of outputs of a solar module and the relation of the operation cost of the system, which are changed by the weather were clarified. The representation day in February of the ratio of the operation cost in case of (0% of output rates) the rainy weather to the time of fine weather (100% of output rates) is 1.12. And the representation day in July is 1.71. Furthermore, the optimal capacity of accumulation of electricity and thermal storage was estimated, and they are 308 and 23 MJ, respectively. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Ermittlung des Wasserdampfdiffusionswiderstandes von Baustoffen in Abhängigkeit von der Baustofftemperatur

BAUPHYSIK, Issue 2 2009
Nicol Pötzsch Dipl.-Ing. (FH)
Feuchte; Versuche Abstract Analog zu dem in DIN EN ISO 12572 beschriebenen Messverfahren zur Ermittlung des Wasserdampfdiffusionswiderstandswertes , von Baustoffen, wurden Untersuchungen zum Einfluss der Temperatur auf den Diffusionswiderstand durchgeführt. Die Untersuchungen erfolgten sequenziell bei ausgewählten Temperaturstufen von ,10, ,5, 0, 10 sowie 50 °C. Untersucht wurden zwei Holzwerkstoffe (MDF, OSB), ein Wärmedämm-Verbundsystem, ein Putzsystem und ein EPS-Dämmstoff. Anhand der Ergebnisse kann darauf geschlossen werden, dass die Temperatur innerhalb der untersuchten Grenzen einen Einfluss auf den Materialkennwert , hat. Determination of the water vapour diffusion permeability of building materials in dependency on the temperature. Investigations concerning the correlation between the water vapour diffusion permeability (, -value) and the temperature were done at two wood based panels (MDF and OSB), an external thermal insulation compound system, a plaster system and an EPS-insulation. The investigations were made by analogy to the measurement method described in ISO 12572 but at the chosen temperature levels from ,10, ,5, 0, 10 up to 50 °C. Based on the measured results, it can be concluded, that the , -value is influenced by the temperature. [source]

Rate coefficients for the gas-phase reactions of OH radicals with methylbutenols at 298 K

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS, Issue 7 2004
Takashi Imamura
The relative-rate method has been used to determine the rate coefficients for the reactions of OH radicals with three C5 biogenic alcohols, 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (k1), 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol (k2), and 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol (k3), in the gas phase. OH radicals were produced by the photolysis of CH3ONO in the presence of NO. Di- n -butyl ether and propene were used as the reference compounds. The absolute rate coefficients obtained with the two reference compounds agreed well with each other. The O3 and O-atom reactions with the target alcohols were confirmed to have a negligible contribution to their total losses by using two kinds of light sources with different relative rates of CH3ONO and NO2 photolysis. The absolute rate coefficients were obtained as the weighted mean values for the two reference compound systems and were k1 = (6.6 ± 0.5) × 10,11, k2 = (9.7 ± 0.7) × 10,11, and k3 = (1.5 ± 0.1) × 10,10 cm3 molecule,1 s,1 at 298 ± 2 K and 760 torr of air. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 36: 379,385 2004 [source]

Population relationships in the Mediterranean revealed by autosomal genetic data (Alu and Alu/STR compound systems)

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 3 2010
Emili González-Pérez
Abstract The variation of 18 Alu polymorphisms and 3 linked STRs was determined in 1,831 individuals from 15 Mediterranean populations to analyze the relationships between human groups in this geographical region and provide a complementary perspective to information from studies based on uniparental markers. Patterns of population diversity revealed by the two kinds of markers examined were different from one another, likely in relation to their different mutation rates. Therefore, while the Alu biallelic variation underlies general heterogeneity throughout the whole Mediterranean region, the combined use of Alu and STR points to a considerable genetic differentiation between the two Mediterranean shores, presumably strengthened by a considerable sub-Saharan African genetic contribution in North Africa (around 13% calculated from Alu markers). Gene flow analysis confirms the permeability of the Sahara to human passage along with the existence of trans-Mediterranean interchanges. Two specific Alu/STR combinations,CD4 110(,) and DM 107(,),detected in all North African samples, the Iberian Peninsula, Greece, Turkey, and some Mediterranean islands suggest an ancient genetic background of current Mediterranean peoples. Am J Phys Anthropol 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Untersuchungen hinsichtlich der Dauerhaftigkeit von Wärmedämmverbundsystemen (WDVS) mit Holzfaserdämmplatten

BAUPHYSIK, Issue 4 2009
Norbert Rüther Dipl.
Wärme; Versuche; thermal insulation and heat; experimental set-up Abstract Der Schutz der Dämmstoffe von WDVS vor Umwelteinflüssen wird hauptsächlich durch das Putzssystem sichergestellt. Haftet dieses nicht mehr am Dämmstoff, so sind umfangreiche Sanierungsmaßnahmen erforderlich. Mit Hilfe von Haftzugprüfungen aus künstlich gealterten Proben sollten Prognosen über die Dauerhaftigkeit unter realen Bedingungen abgeleitet werden. Es wurde festgestellt, dass die Festigkeit von Platten mit hoher Anfangsfestigkeit über die Zeit um etwa 25 % geringer wird, dann jedoch auf dem Festigkeitsniveau verbleibt. Bei Platten mit niedriger Anfangsfestigkeit wurde kein relevanter Festigkeitsabfall ermittelt. Experimental analysis of the durability of external thermal insulation compound systems (ETICS) using wood fibre insulating boards. The insulation of external thermal insulation compound systems has to be protected by the rendering system. The failure of the rendering system, e.g. due to the loss of bonding strength to the insulation can lead to a failure of the hole system. Forecasts of the durability should be done by using test results of tensile bond strength from samples which were stressed by artificial weathering. Boards with a relatively high strength lose nearly 25 % of their strength and continue in a while at that level. Boards with a relatively low strength do not lose there strength any more. [source]