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Common Determinants (common + determinant)
Selected AbstractsA bird can't fly on one wing: patient views on waiting for hip and knee replacement surgeryHEALTH EXPECTATIONS, Issue 2 2007Barbara L. Conner-Spady PhD Abstract Objectives, To obtain patients' perspectives on acceptable waiting times for hip or knee replacement surgery. Methods, A questionnaire with both open- and close-ended items was mailed to 432 consecutive patients who had hip or knee replacement surgery 3,12 months previously in Saskatchewan, Canada. A content analysis was used to analyse the text data from the open-ended questions. Results, The sample of 303 (response rate 70%) was 59% female with a mean age of 70 years (SD 11). The median waiting time from the decision date to surgery was 17 weeks. Individuals who rated their waiting time very acceptable (48%) had a median waiting time of 13 weeks compared with a median waiting time of 22 weeks for those who rated it unacceptable (23%). The two most common determinants of acceptability were patient expectations and pain and its impact on patient quality of life. The median maximum acceptable waiting time was 13 weeks and median ideal waiting time, 8.6 weeks. Seventy-nine per cent felt that those in greater need (higher severity) should go before them on the waiting list. Patient ratings of maximum acceptable waiting time were based on: pain and loss of mobility, time needed to prepare for surgery, and severity at the time of seeing the surgeon. In consideration of changing their surgeon to one with a shorter waiting list, 68% would not. Conclusions, Patient views on waiting times are not only related to quality of life issues, but also to prior expectations and notions of fairness and priority. Understanding patient views on waiting for surgery has implications for better management of waiting times and experiences for joint replacement. [source] Stopping antipsychotic drug therapy in demented nursing home patients: a randomized, placebo-controlled study,,The Bergen District Nursing Home Study (BEDNURS)INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY, Issue 9 2008Sabine Ruths Abstract Background Despite modest efficacy, unpredictable individual utility, and a high rate of adverse effects, behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are common determinants for antipsychotic drug therapy in nursing home patients. Aims To explore the impact on BPSD of stopping long-term antipsychotic treatment in nursing home patients with dementia. Methods Fifty-five patients (43 women; mean age 84.1) taking haloperidol, risperidone, or olanzapine for BPSD were randomly assigned to cessation (intervention group, n,=,27) or continued treatment with antipsychotic drugs (reference group, n,=,28) for 4 consecutive weeks. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) Questionnaire was used to examine changes in behavioural and psychological symptoms. Results By study completion, 23 of the 27 intervention group patients were still off antipsychotics. Symptom scores (NPI) remained stable or even improved in 42 patients (intervention group, 18 out of 27; reference group, 24 out of 28; p,=,0.18). As compared to patients with stable or improved symptom scores, patients with behavioural deterioration after antipsychotic cessation used higher daily drug doses at baseline (p,=,0.42). Conclusion A large share of elderly nursing home patients on long-term treatment with antipsychotics for BPSD, do well without this treatment. Standardized symptom evaluations and drug cessation attempts should therefore be undertaken at regular intervals. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Absenteeism and Measures of Job Performance: A Meta-AnalysisINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SELECTION AND ASSESSMENT, Issue 1-2 2002Chockalingam Viswesvaran The correlations reported in the extant literature between one form of counterproductive behaviors , absenteeism , and four different indices of job performance were meta-analytically cumulated. Job performance indices utilized were productivity, quality, interpersonal behaviors, and effort. The former two were measured using organizational records, while the latter two were measured using supervisory ratings. The results suggest that absenteeism measures are more highly correlated with organizational records of quality, and supervisory ratings of both effort and interpersonal behaviors. Lower correlations were found with organizational records of productivity. These results suggest the potential for common determinants of absenteeism and some aspects of job performance. The fairly independent literatures that have developed on absenteeism and job performance can inform one another. Implications for modeling and assessing job performance are noted. [source] An analysis of food security and poverty in Central Asia,case study from Kazakhstan,JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, Issue 4 2008Valerie Rhoe Abstract During the transition from planned to market-oriented economies, Central Asian countries experienced major socio-economic shocks that increased food insecurity, malnutrition and poverty. In the last 15 years, these countries underwent economic reforms in order to transform their economies, and in response to growing food insecurity and poverty levels, they adopted food self-sufficiency policies. For designing and implementing policy reforms, a good understanding of the magnitude of food insecurity and poverty and their determinants are required. Using the Kazakhstan Living Standard and Measurement Survey, this paper identifies a food poverty line and a total poverty line for Kazakhstan. Then poverty measures from both lines are compared and determinates of poverty are analysed. The results show that the total poverty line captures more of the poor population. Although there are some variations amongst the determinants of poverty under the two poverty lines, the strength of the common determinants is generally weaker when non-food expenditures are included in deriving the poverty line. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | ||||||||||