Home  About us  Contact
 

Collateral Arteries (collateral + artery)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Medical Sciences100%

Selected Abstracts

Cardiovascular risk factors and collateral artery formation

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION, Issue 12 2009
D. De Groot
Abstract Arterial lumen narrowing and vascular occlusion is the actual cause of morbidity and mortality in atherosclerotic disease. Collateral artery formation (arteriogenesis) refers to an active remodelling of non-functional vascular anastomoses to functional collateral arteries, capable to bypass the site of obstruction and preserve the tissue that is jeopardized by ischaemia. Hemodynamic forces such as shear stress and wall stress play a pivotal role in collateral artery formation, accompanied by the expression of various cytokines and invasion of circulating leucocytes. Arteriogenesis hence represents an important compensatory mechanism for atherosclerotic vessel occlusion. As arteriogenesis mostly occurs when lumen narrowing by atherosclerotic plaques takes place, presence of cardiovascular risk factors (e.g. hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia and diabetes) is highly likely. Risk factors for atherosclerotic disease affect collateral artery growth directly and indirectly by altering hemodynamic forces or influencing cellular function and proliferation. Adequate collateralization varies significantly among atherosclerotic patients, some profit from the presence of extensive collateral networks, whereas others do not. Cardiovascular risk factors could increase the risk of adverse cardiovascular events in certain patients because of the reduced protection through an alternative vascular network. Likewise, drugs primarily thought to control cardiovascular risk factors might contribute or counteract collateral artery growth. This review summarizes current knowledge on the influence of cardiovascular risk factors and the effects of cardiovascular medication on the development of collateral vessels in experimental and clinical studies. [source]

Techniques and Applications of Transcatheter Embolization Procedures in Pediatric Cardiology

JOURNAL OF INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY, Issue 5 2003
JAMES Y. SIM M.D.
Transcatheter embolization of congenital or acquired superfluous vascular structure has become routine procedures performed by interventional pediatric cardiologists. Embolization procedure is often part of a collaborative effort with cardiac surgeons to palliate complex congenital heart defect, such as in embolizing aortopulmonary collateral arteries in patient with single ventricle physiology. In other cases, the procedure is the definitive treatment as in embolizing coronary artery fistula. Pediatric cardiologists performing embolization procedures should be familiar with available technologies as well as understand the underlying cardiac anatomy and pathophysiology. This article provides a comprehensive review of presently available embolization agents and technologies. Some of the technologies are used only by interventional radiologists but may be useful to pediatric cardiologists. Specific clinical applications in pediatric cardiology are also discussed with summary of current literature. With continue advancement in transcatheter technology and operator expertise, all unwanted vascular communication should be amenable to transcatheter embolization. (J Interven Cardiol 2003;16:425,448) [source]

Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI of muscle perfusion combined with MR angiography of collateral artery growth in a femoral artery ligation model

NMR IN BIOMEDICINE, Issue 8 2007
Quido G. de Lussanet
Abstract To assess the use of MRI for evaluating changes in muscle blood flow and number of collateral arteries, serial dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) was combined with high-spatial-resolution contrast-enhanced MR angiography (MRA) in a peripheral ischemia model. The combined MRI (DCE-MRI and MRA) protocol was performed serially in 15 male rabbits at 2,h (day 0+), 7 days, and 21 days after femoral artery ligation. In the anterior tibial and soleus muscle, changes in resting muscle blood flow determined as the endothelial transfer coefficient (Ktrans) and arterial inflow delay from DCE-MRI and changes in the number of sub-millimeter sized collateral arteries as scored with MRA were measured. Directly after ligation, Ktrans in the anterior tibial muscle was reduced to 23% of that in the control limb, then recovered to 81% on day 7, and to 85 % on day 21. Ktrans in the soleus muscle recovered from a reduction to 63% on day 0+, to 85% on day 7, and to 90% on day 21. The number of collaterals around the ligated femoral artery increased from 1.1 on day 0+ to 4.2 on day 7, and 6.0 on day 21 in the ligated limb only. Combined DCE-MRI and MRA allows non-invasive serial monitoring of changes in muscle blood flow and growth of sub-millimeter sized collateral arteries in a rabbit femoral artery ligation model. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Free osteocutaneous lateral arm flap: Anatomy and clinical applications

MICROSURGERY, Issue 2 2003
Franz Haas M.D.
For many surgeons, the potential to reconstruct skin, fascia, tendon, or bone in a single-stage procedure has made the lateral arm flap the technique of choice for reconstruction of complex defects. The aim of this study was to examine more closely how the humeral bone is supplied by the posterior collateral radial artery. To this end, we dissected 30 cadaver arms to determine the vascular relationship of the lateral arm flap to the humerus. The number of directly supplying vessels, and height to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, were examined. The reconstructive potential of the osteocutaneous flap in different indications is analyzed in a series of five clinical cases. In all dissected extremities, we found one or two branches of the posterior collateral artery directly and constantly supplying the bone between 2,7 cm proximal to the lateral epicondyle. In five cases, combined defects, including bone, were successfully reconstructed with lateral arm flaps, including vascularized bone. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 23:87,95 2003 [source]