JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESS ENGINEERING, Issue 3 2002
BHAVESH K. PATEL
ABSTRACT Simulation studies on coating of steel balls with honey as well as the rheological measurements were carried out at different moisture contents (20.3,37.7%, dry basis), and temperatures (5,80C). The coating characteristics of honey were judged by the thickness of honey layer, and by the proposed index, dimensionless uptake. Honey possesses extremely high viscosity at low temperatures and/or at low moisture contents. The sensitivity of honey viscosity with temperature was determined by using Arrhenius equation. Enhanced values of dimensionless uptake and thickness were obtained at low temperature-low moisture combinations. Viscosity of honey for easy handling and coating is in the neighborhood of 103 mPas corresponding to a temperature of 50C. [source]

USING GELATIN-BASED ANTIMICROBIAL EDIBLE COATING TO PROLONG SHELF-LIFE OF TILAPIA FILLETS

JOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY, Issue 3 2002
CHAN-YIN OU
Skinless tilapia (Dreochromis niloticus x D. aureus) fillets were covered with a gelatin coating containing benzoic acid as an antimicrobial agent. Benzoic acid content of fish fillets was used to estimate the amount of gelatin coated on fillet surface, and it was found that the gelatin contents were between 16.3 mg and 17.3 mg per g of fillets. Aerobic and anaerobic microbial loads, volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) contents, and sensory evaluation were used as indicators to survey the feasibility of an antimicrobial gelatin coating to prolong the shelf-life of tilapia fillets under refrigeration. After 7 days of storage under refrigeration, tilapia fillets coated with gelatin containing benzoic acid had acceptable VBN contents, increased moderately in microbial loads, and showed no significant sensory difference (P < 0.05) from fresh fillets. The results indicate that an antimicrobial gelatin coating is suitable for preservation of tilapia fillets. [source]

PRESERVATION OF COMMERCIAL FISH BALL QUALITY WITH EDIBLE ANTIOXIDANT-INCORPORATED ZEIN COATINGS

JOURNAL OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION, Issue 5 2009
LIAN-SYUN LIN
ABSTRACT Fish ball, a surimi product rich in lipid and protein, is a popular food in Taiwan. Because lipid oxidation is one of the major deterioration reactions for fish ball, the feasibility of preservation of fish ball quality by the application of antioxidant-incorporated zein coating was investigated. Three antioxidants including butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and n-propyl gallate (PG) were used to formulate the antioxidant zein coatings. Infrared spectroscopy was used to confirm the successful incorporation of antioxidant with zein protein; peroxide value (POV), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and weight loss were used as the quality indicators of fish ball stored at 4C. While all three types of antioxidant-incorporated zein coatings significantly retarded the quality deterioration, PG-incorporated zein coating exerted better quality preservation effectiveness than BHA- and BHT-incorporated zein coatings. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Edible coatings have been under research for several decades. However, most of the studies are conducted for the investigations of physiochemical or mechanical properties and usually using simulated food systems. The lack of applications on the commercial food products manufactured from food plants makes the edible coatings somewhat unrealistic. Not prepared in a laboratory for academic purpose only, the fish ball used in the present study was a real commercial product. The promising results of antioxidant-incorporated zein coatings on commercial products presented in this report will enhance the confidence of food manufacturers on the edible coatings. [source]

EFFICACY OF SOUR WHEY AS A SHELF-LIFE ENHANCER: USE IN ANTIOXIDATIVE EDIBLE COATINGS OF CUT VEGETABLES AND FRUIT,

JOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY, Issue 5 2007
JINHAN SHON
ABSTRACT The effectiveness of edible coatings containing sour whey powder (SWP), compared with soy protein isolate (SPI) and calcium caseinate (CC), in reducing oxidative browning and moisture loss during storage (4C) of cut apples, potatoes, carrots, and onions was investigated. Oxidative discoloration, as determined by the Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage L*a*b* color scale, was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) by treatments over a storage time of 120 min. Loss of lightness was reduced by CC, SPI and SWP coatings. These respectively showed 2.7, 3.3 and 1.5% change of L* value in coated apples as compared with 7.4% in the control. Browning in cut potatoes was significantly reduced from a 145.1% increase in the a* value of the control to 45.9, 37.0 and 30.3% increase for CC, SPI and SWP treatments, respectively. The b* values also reflected the effectiveness of SWP. The moisture barrier effect, tested over a period of 5 days at 4C, was significantly better for the treatments than control. SWP was the best and significantly reduced moisture loss in potatoes and carrots by 40 and 59%, respectively, over control. Cut onions did not show any treatment effect both in terms of off-color development and moisture loss. The reasons for the excellent moisture barrier and antioxidative property of SWP were discussed. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Oxidative degradation of fresh fruits and vegetables is a major problem faced by the industry today. Most of the fresh produce is grown in the southwestern part of the country, requiring days of transportation to retail outlets. As the educated consumer is highly health conscious, any effort in extending the shelf life will have to be nonchemical, and preferably natural. Because of small profit margins, the intervention must also be inexpensive. Millions of MT of sour whey, a by-product of cottage whey manufacture, is wasted because of the lack of appropriate food applications. It is natural, nutritious and presently very inexpensive. Our research investigated the possibility of using this by-product as a final wash to enhance the so-called window of freshness of fresh produce and fruit. [source]

A COMPARISON OF LIPID AND LIPID/HYDROCOLLOID BASED COATINGS TO EVALUATE THEIR EFFECT ON POSTHARVEST QUALITY OF GREEN BELL PEPPERS

JOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY, Issue 2 2002
FRANK D. CONFORTI
Maintaining quality of harvested fruit and vegetables is a challenge. The study investigated the effects of two lipid and lipid/hydrocolloid based coatings on maintaining post harvest quality of green bell peppers. Quality characteristics measured during the 4-week storage period included: respiratory rate, moisture content (weight loss), chlorophyll content, puncture force, ascorbic acid (AA) and dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) contents. No significant differences (P>0.05) between uncoated and coated peppers were noted for respiration rate, puncture force, chlorophyll content, and AA. Significant differences (P<0.05) were found in moisture content and DHA content in the uncoated and coated peppers. Continued research is needed in creating more sophisticated bilayer coatings to enhance product shelf-life. [source]

COMPARISON AMONG GLUTEN, MALTODEXTRIN, AND SOYBEAN OIL COATINGS AS FLAVOR CARRIERS ON PITA CHIPS,

JOURNAL OF FOOD QUALITY, Issue 5 2000
H.A. MANSOUBI
ABSTRACT Dietary health concerns of consumers have prompted manufacturers to produce snacks with lower fat content. Reduced fat products need additional ingredients to compensate for flavor loss. Gluten and maltodextrin coatings were compared with soybean oil as a carrier of cheese powder on pita chips. Coated pita chips were packaged with or without nitrogen and stored at 33C and 50% humidity for 60 days. Physical, chemical, microbiological, and sensory properties of the chips were evaluated. Saturation index and hue angle were significantly different at 30 and 60 days for all treatments. Instrumental texture analysis was inconclusive due to high standard deviations. Peroxide value for oil-coated chips increased significantly over time. Consumer acceptance testing indicated a stronger cheese flavor for maltodextrin and gluten treatments compared with oil. No off-flavors were detected from any chips. Microbial counts were low and did not differ significantly among treatments. Gluten and maltodextrin coatings may be alternative flavor carriers to oil for reduced fat content in snack foods. [source]

Use of coated capillaries for the electrophoretic separation of stereoisomers of a growth hormone secretagogue

ELECTROPHORESIS, Issue 21 2009
Reine Nehmé
Abstract The diastereoisomeric separation of peptidomimetics of hexarelin, a strong growth hormone secretagogue, in CE has been studied. Highly sulfated-,-CD was found to be an appropriate selector for the separation of the stereoisomers. However, non-repeatable analyses were obtained on bare fused silica capillary due to the progressive adsorption of the analytes on the capillary wall. Two types of polyelectrolyte coating agents were tested to prevent this phenomenon. Coating with neutral polyethylene oxide was found to be efficient but resulted in a very long analysis time (about 40,min). Coating with cationic poly(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride was found both to prevent analyte adsorption, reduce analysis time and alter separation selectivity. EOF measurement revealed that the highly sulfated-,-CDs were strongly adsorbed on the poly(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride coating surface yielding a stable strong cathodic EOF, which considerably reduced analysis time (about 12,min). Very good repeatability of analysis was obtained (RSDmigration time<1%). [source]

Electrolytic Deposition of Hydroxyapatite Coating on CoNiCrMo Substrates

ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 1-2 2010
Dong-Yang Lin
Hydroxyapatite (HA) coating was fabricated on CoNiCrMo alloy by electrolytic deposition (ELD). Different kinds of uncharged substrates were placed close to the cathode separately during the ELD process. Both CoNiCrMo and uncharged substrates were covered with uniform HA coatings composed of hexagonal prism crystals after 60,min deposition. The pH value of the bulk solution changed hardly while the local pH had a sharp increase after ELD. The results demonstrate the local pH plays a crucial role in the ELD process. [source]

Investigations on Nanolaminated TiZrN/CrN as a Tribological PVD Hard Coating for Incremental Sheet Forming Tools,

ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 8 2009
Kirsten Bobzin
PVD coated metal forming tools may enormously reduce tool and work piece wear, friction and forming capacities. A PVD deposited TiZrN/CrN + CrN material system is presented for application on incremental sheet forming tools. This work reports on coating process development and tribological investigations leading to a clear friction reduction and wear protection. [source]

Electrochemically Deposited Ca(OH)2 Coatings as a Bactericidal and Osteointegrative Modification of Ti Implants

ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 3 2009
Claus Moseke
Coating of metallic implants with CaP is a common method of improving osseointegration of the device. In this study Ca(OH)2 coatings are analyzed combining the advantage of initial bacteriocidity with,after conversion of the hydroxide to hydroxyapatite in physiological media,good osteoconductivity. [source]

Suppression of Premature Fracture of Silicon under Three-Point Bending: Role of Nanoscale Localized Deformation of Metallic Multilayered Coating,

ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 1-2 2009
Yuan-Ping Li
Brittle single crystal Si with and without Au/Cu multilayer coating was investigated via three-point bending test. Load-bearing capacity of the Si coated with the Au/Cu multilayer is improved evidently compared with the bare Si. Especially the nanoscale plastic deformation of the multilayer was observed to be effective in delaying instable crack propagation within the Si. That would shed significant light in toughening methods of brittle materials. [source]

High Performance SiC Oxidation Protective Coating with ZrO2 Particle Dispersion for Carbon/Carbon Composites,

ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 10 2008
Y.-L. Zhang
High performance SiC oxidation protective coating with ZrO2 particle dispersion for C/C composites was prepared by slurry and pack cementation. Isothermal oxidation tests at 1873,K in air showed that the as-prepared coating could effectively protect C/C composites from oxidation for 100,h. The excellent oxidation protective ability can be attributed to the introduction of ZrO2 particles in the SiC coating, which can baffle the enlargement of cracks and suppress the generation of the thermal stress. [source]

Microstructure and Microhardness of Cold-Sprayed CuNiIn Coating

ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS, Issue 8 2008
W.-Y. Li
In this study, the emerging cold spraying technique was used to deposit the CuNiIn coating. The microstructure of cold sprayed Cu36Ni5In coating was examined by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. It was found that a very dense Cu36Ni5In coating was deposited under certain spray condition. The impact melting at the localized interfaces of the deposited particles was observed and agreed with the theoretical analysis. The coating microhardness was about 240 Hv0.2. [source]

Ultrathin, Organic, Semiconductor/Polymer Blends by Scanning Corona-Discharge Coating for High-Performance Organic Thin-Film Transistors

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 17 2010
Hee Joon Jung
Abstract A new thin-film coating process, scanning corona-discharge coating (SCDC), to fabricate ultrathin tri-isopropylsilylethynyl pentacene (TIPS-PEN)/amorphous-polymer blend layers suitable for high-performance, bottom-gate, organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) is described. The method is based on utilizing the electrodynamic flow of gas molecules that are corona-discharged at a sharp metallic tip under a high voltage and subsequently directed towards a bottom electrode. With the static movement of the bottom electrode, on which a blend solution of TIPS-PEN and an amorphous polymer is deposited, SCDC provides an efficient route to produce uniform blend films with thicknesses of less than one hundred nanometers, in which the TIPS-PEN and the amorphous polymer are vertically phase-separated into a bilayered structure with a single-crystalline nature of the TIPS-PEN. A bottom-gate field-effect transistor with a blend layer of TIPS-PEN/polystyrene (PS) (90/10 wt%) operated at ambient conditions, for example, indeed exhibits a highly reliable device performance with a field-effect mobility of approximately 0.23 cm2 V,1 s,1: two orders of magnitude greater than that of a spin-coated blend film. SCDC also turns out to be applicable to other amorphous polymers, such as poly(, -methyl styrene) and poly(methyl methacrylate) and, readily combined with the conventional transfer-printing technique, gives rise to micropatterned arrays of TIPS-PEN/polymer films. [source]

Biomineralization: Mussel-Inspired Polydopamine Coating as a Universal Route to Hydroxyapatite Crystallization (Adv. Funct.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 13 2010
Mater.
A universal biomineralization approach that can integrate hydroxyapatites on virtually any type and shape of substrate is presented. H. Lee, C. B. Park, and co-workers show on page 2132 that polydopamine, a catecholamine surface modifier inspired by adhesive proteins found in mussels, enriches calcium ions at the interface, facilitating the formation of biomimetic hydroxyapatite crystals. [source]

Mussel-Inspired Polydopamine Coating as a Universal Route to Hydroxyapatite Crystallization

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 13 2010
Jungki Ryu
Abstract Bone tissue is a complex biocomposite material with a variety of organic (e.g., proteins, cells) and inorganic (e.g., hydroxyapatite crystals) components hierarchically organized with nano/microscale precision. Based on the understanding of such hierarchical organization of bone tissue and its unique mechanical properties, efforts are being made to mimic these organic,inorganic hybrid biocomposites. A key factor for the successful designing of complex, hybrid biomaterials is the facilitation and control of adhesion at the interfaces, as many current synthetic biomaterials are inert, lacking interfacial bioactivity. In this regard, researchers have focused on controlling the interface by surface modifications, but the development of a simple, unified way to biofunctionalize diverse organic and inorganic materials remains a critical challenge. Here, a universal biomineralization route, called polydopamine-assisted hydroxyapatite formation (pHAF), that can be applied to virtually any type and morphology of scaffold materials is demonstrated. Inspired by the adhesion mechanism of mussels, the pHAF method can readily integrate hydroxyapatites on ceramics, noble metals, semiconductors, and synthetic polymers, irrespective of their size and morphology (e.g., porosity and shape). Surface-anchored catecholamine moieties in polydopamine enriches the interface with calcium ions, facilitating the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals that are aligned to the c -axes, parallel to the polydopamine layer as observed in natural hydroxyapatites in mineralized tissues. This universal surface biomineralization can be an innovative foundation for future tissue engineering. [source]

High Quality Factor Metallodielectric Hybrid Plasmonic,Photonic Crystals

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 12 2010
Xindi Yu
Abstract A 2D polystyrene colloidal crystal self-assembled on a flat gold surface supports multiple photonic and plasmonic propagating resonance modes. For both classes of modes, the quality factors can exceed 100, higher than the quality factor of surface plasmons (SP) at a polymer,gold interface. The spatial energy distribution of those resonance modes are carefully studied by measuring the optical response of the hybrid plasmonic,photonic crystal after coating with dielectric materials under different coating profiles. Computer simulations with results closely matching those of experiments provide a clear picture of the field distribution of each resonance mode. For the SP modes, there is strong confinement of electromagnetic energy near the metal surface, while for optical modes, the field is confined inside the spherical particles, far away from the metal. Coating of dielectric material on the crystal results in a large shift in optical features. A surface sensor based on the hybrid plasmonic,photonic crystal is proposed, and it is shown to have atomic layer sensitivity. An example of ethanol vapor sensing based on physisorption of ethanol onto the sensor surface is demonstrated. [source]

Genetically Engineered Phage Fibers and Coatings for Antibacterial Applications

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 2 2010
Joan Y. Mao
Abstract Multifunctionality can be imparted to protein-based fibers and coatings via either synthetic or biological approaches. Here, potent antimicrobial functionality of genetically engineered, phage-based fibers and fiber coatings, processed at room temperature, is demonstrated. Facile genetic engineering of the M13 virus (bacteriophage) genome leverages the well-known antibacterial properties of silver ions to kill bacteria. Predominant expression of negatively charged glutamic acid (E3) peptides on the pVIII major coat proteins of M13 bacteriophage enables solution-based, electrostatic binding of silver ions and subsequent reduction to metallic silver along the virus length. Antibacterial fibers of micrometer-scale diameters are constructed from such an E3-modified phage via wet-spinning and glutaraldehyde-crosslinking of the E3-modified viruses. Silverization of the free-standing fibers is confirmed via energy dispersive spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, showing ,0.61,µg cm,1 of silver on E3,Ag fibers. This degree of silverization is threefold greater than that attainable for the unmodified M13,Ag fibers. Conferred bactericidal functionality is determined via live,dead staining and a modified disk-diffusion (Kirby,Bauer) measure of zone of inhibition (ZoI) against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli bacterial strains. Live,dead staining and ZoI distance measurements indicate increased bactericidal activity in the genetically engineered, silverized phage fibers. Coating of Kevlar fibers with silverized E3 phage exhibits antibacterial effects as well, with relatively smaller ZoIs attributable to the lower degree of silver loading attainable in these coatings. Such antimicrobial functionality is amenable to rapid incorporation within fiber-based textiles to reduce risks of infection, biofilm formation, or odor-based detection, with the potential to exploit the additional electronic and thermal conductivity of fully silverized phage fibers and coatings. [source]

Enzyme-Mediated Deposition of a TiO2 Coating onto Biofunctionalized WS2 Chalcogenide Nanotubes,

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 2 2009
Muhammad Nawaz Tahir
Abstract A chemically specific and facile method for the biofunctionalization of WS2 nanotubes (NT-WS2) is reported. The covalent modification strategy is based on the affinity of the nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) side chain, which serves as a ligand for the surface binding to NT-WS2 and simultaneously as an anchor group for the binding of His-tagged proteins to the polymer backbone. The polymer functionalized WS2 nanotubes can be solubilized either in water or organic solvents; they are stable for at least one week. The probes were characterized by FT-IR and UV-vis spectroscopy. The immobilization of silicatein, a hydrolytic protein encountered in marine sponges, was visualized by scanning force microscopy (SFM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The formation of the biotitania coating mediated by the immobilized silicatein onto the surface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). [source]

Nanoparticle Coating for Advanced Optical, Mechanical and Rheological Properties,

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 16 2007
F. Hakim
Abstract Primary titania nanoparticles were coated with ultrathin alumina films using Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD). The deposited films were highly uniform and conformal with an average growth rate of 0.2,nm per coating cycle. The alumina films eliminated the surface photocatalytic activity of titania nanoparticles, while maintained their original extinction efficiency of ultraviolet light. Deposited films provided a physical barrier that effectively prevented the titania surface from oxidizing organic material whereas conserving its bulk optical properties. Parts fabricated from coated powders by pressureless sintering had a 13,% increase in surface hardness over parts similarly fabricated from uncoated particles. Owing to its homogeneous distribution, the secondary alumina phase suppressed excessive grain growth. Alumina films completely reacted during sintering to form aluminum titanate composites, as verified by XRD. Coated particles showed a pseudoplastic behavior at low shear rates due to modified colloidal forces. This behavior became similar to the Newtonian flow of uncoated nanoparticle slurries as the shear rate increased. Suspensions of coated particles also showed a decreased viscosity relative to the viscosity of uncoated particle suspensions. [source]

Photoresponse Properties of CdSe Single-Nanoribbon Photodetectors,

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 11 2007
Y. Jiang
Abstract Photodetectors are fabricated from individual single-crystal CdSe nanoribbons, and the photoresponse properties of the devices are studied systematically. The photodetector shows a high sensitivity towards excitation wavelength with a sharp cut-off at 710,nm, corresponding to the bandgap of CdSe. The device exhibits a high photo-to-dark current ratio of five orders of magnitude at 650,nm, and can function with excellent stability, reproducibility, and high response speed (<,1,ms) in a wide range of switching frequency (up to 300,Hz). The photocurrent of the device shows a power-law dependence on light intensity. This finding together with the analysis of the light intensity-dependent response speed reveals the existence of various traps at different energy levels (shallow and deep) in the bandgap. Coating with a thin SiO2 isolating layer increases the photocurrent but decreases the response speed of the CdSe nanoribbon, which is attributed to reduction of recombination centers on ribbon surface. [source]

Replication and Coating of Silica Templates by Hydrothermal Carbonization,

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS, Issue 6 2007
M.-M. Titirici
Abstract Hierarchical carbon materials with functional groups residing at the surface are prepared for the first time by using nanostructured silica materials as templates in combination with hydrothermal carbonization at mild temperatures (180,°C). Different carbon morphologies (e.g., macroporous casts, hollow spheres, carbon nanoparticles, and mesoporous microspheres) can be obtained by simply altering the polarity of the silica surface. The surface functionality and hydrophilicity of the resulting materials are assessed by Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron analysis, and water porosimetry. Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction measurements show that the materials are of the carbon-black type, similar to charcoal. [source]

Recent Progress on Silica Coating of Nanoparticles and Related Nanomaterials

ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 11 2010
Andrés Guerrero-Martínez
Abstract In recent years, new strategies for silica coating of inorganic nanoparticles and organic nanomaterials, which differ from the classical methodologies, have emerged at the forefront of materials science. Silica as a coating material promises an unparalleled opportunity for enhancement of colloidal properties and functions by using core,shell rational designs and profiting from its synthetic versatility. This contribution provides a brief overview of recent progress in the synthesis of silica-coated nanomaterials and their significant impact in different areas such as spectroscopy, magnetism, catalysis, and biology. [source]

Highly Reactive Multilayer-Assembled TiO2 Coating on Electrospun Polymer Nanofibers

ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 12 2009
Jung Ah Lee
Highly efficient photocatalytically active TiO2 -coated polymer fibers are prepared using a facile and universal method involving layer-by-layer assembly of TiO2 nanoparticles and POSS molecules on various electrospun fibers. The TiO2 -coated fibers display excellent photocatalytic properties in degradation of allyl alcohol under UV illumination, without degradation of substrates. [source]

Synthesis and Dielectric Properties of Niobia Coating on BaTiO3

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY, Issue 6 2009
Jia-Jia Gan
Different from conventional powder mixing, this study demonstrates a method of homogeneous coating for niobia (Nb2O5) on ferroelectric barium titanate (BaTiO3) powders. The precipitation of Nb coating with pH has been determined quantitatively by the inductance-coupled plasma method. Crystalline phases were determined by X-ray diffractometry, and the formation of a "core-shell" structure with a Nb concentration gradient was observed by a transmission electron microscope with X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The dielectric constant (K) of the samples prepared by the nanocoating method showed a more stable temperature coefficient of capacitance and well satisfied the requirements of X7R. [source]

A New Method for Post-Synthesis Coating of Zirconia on the Mesopore Walls of SBA-15 Without Pore Blocking,

ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 11 2008
Cheralathan Kanakkampalayan Krishnan
Zirconia coating of the mesopore walls of the mesoporous silica material SBA-15 is achieved by internal hydrolysis of a zirconia precursor, which is loaded inside the mesopores, using NH3/H2O vapor at elevated temperature and subsequent calcination (see figure). High loadings of zirconia, more than 30 wt%, can be coated on the mesopore walls without any pore blocking. [source]

Coating of Human Mesenchymal Cells in 3D Culture with Bioinorganic Nanoparticles Promotes Osteoblastic Differentiation and Gene Transfection,

ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 17 2007
R. Gonzalez-McQuire
Mesenchymal cells are modified in suspension with bio-functionalized calcium phosphate nanoparticles using a scaffold-free cell decoration method. Coated cells remain viable and retain functionality, with cell activity stimulated by the structure and composition of the coating. [source]

In-Situ Coating of SBA-15 with MgO: Direct Synthesis of Mesoporous Solid Bases from Strong Acidic Systems,

ADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 22 2003
Y.L. Wei
Basic mesoporous materials (see Figure) are synthesized directly from a strong acidic solution for the first time. This is achieved by in-situ coating of SBA-15 with basic MgO by adding acetate salt into the initial mixture of raw materials for synthesis. The synthesis and modification is performed in a one-step procedure. The magnesium acetate not only acts as the precursor of MgO, but also leads to a better order in the mesostructure. [source]

Microencapsulation of Fish Oil by Spray Granulation and Fluid Bed Film Coating

JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 6 2010
Sri Haryani Anwar
Abstract:, The stability of microencapsulated fish oil prepared with 2 production processes, spray granulation (SG) and SG followed by film coating (SG-FC) using a fluid bed equipment, was investigated. In the 1st process, 3 types of fish oil used were based on the ratios of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (10/50, 33/22, and 18/12). Each type was emulsified with soluble soybean polysaccharide (SSPS) and maltodextrin to produce 25% oil powders. In the 2nd process, 15% film coating of hydroxypropyl betacyclodextrin (HPBCD) was applied to the granules from the 1st process. The powder stability against oxidation was examined by measurement of peroxide values (PV) and headspace propanal after storage at room temperature and at 3 to 4 °C for 6 wk. Uncoated powder containing the lowest concentration of PUFA (18/12) was found to be stable during storage at room temperature with maximum PV of 3.98 ± 0.001 meq/kg oil. The PV increased sharply for uncoated powder with higher concentration of omega-3 (in 33/22 and 10/50 fish oils) after 3 wk storage. The PVs were in agreement with the concentration of propanal, and these 2 parameters remained constant for most of the uncoated powders stored at low temperature. Unexpectedly, the outcomes showed that the coated powders had lower stability than uncoated powders as indicated by higher initial PVs; more hydroperoxides were detected as well as increasing propanal concentration. The investigation suggests that the film-coating by HPBCD ineffectively protected fish oil as the coating process might have induced further oxidation; however, SG is a good method for producing fish oil powder and to protect it from oxidation because of the "onion skin" structure of granules produced in this process. [source]

Whey Protein Solution Coating for Fat-Uptake Reduction in Deep-Fried Chicken Breast Strips

JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 1 2010
Ann M. Dragich
ABSTRACT:, This study investigated the use of whey protein, as an additional coating, in combination with basic, well-described predust, batter, and breading ingredients, for fat-uptake reduction in fried chicken. Chicken breasts were cut into strips (1 × 5 × 10 cm) and coated with wheat flour (WF) as a predust, dipped in batter, coated with WF as a breading, then dipped in 10% denatured whey protein isolate (DWPI) aqueous solution (wet basis). A WF-batter-WF treatment with no DWPI solution dip was included as a control. Coated chicken strips were deep-fried at 160 °C for 5 min. A Soxhlet-type extraction was performed to determine the fat content of the meat fraction of fried samples, the coating fraction of fried samples, raw chicken, and raw coating ingredients. The WF-batter-WF-10% DWPI solution had significantly lower fat uptake than the WF-batter-WF control, by 30.67% (dry basis). Practical Application: This article describes applied research involving fat reduction in coated deep-fried chicken. The methods used in this article were intended to achieve maximized fat reduction while maintaining a simple procedure applicable to actual food processing lines. [source]