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Cosmetic Products (cosmetic + products)
Selected AbstractsFragrance contact allergic patients: strategies for use of cosmetic products and perceived impact on life situationCONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 6 2009Susan Hovmand Lysdal Background: Fragrance ingredients are a common cause of contact allergy. Very little is known about these patients' strategies to manage their disease and the effect on their daily lives. Objectives: To investigate if patients with diagnosed fragrance contact allergy used scented products, how they identified tolerated products, and if fragrance allergy affected their daily living. Method: One hundred and forty-seven patients diagnosed with fragrance contact allergy in a 20-month period were included and received a postal questionnaire concerning the subjects of the study. One hundred and seventeen (79.6%) replied. Results: In total, 53/117 (45.3%) responded that they had found some scented products that they could tolerate. Thirty-seven (31.6%) had not tried to find any scented products and 26 (22%) had tried but could not find any. The methods most often used were trying different products and reading the ingredient label. Of the total respondents, 17.1% reported sick-leave due to fragrance allergy and 45.3% found that fragrance allergy significantly affected their daily living. Conclusion: Many patients with fragrance contact allergy succeeded in finding some scented products, which they could tolerate, e.g. by use of ingredient labelling, but a significant proportion had continued skin problems. Almost half of the patients perceived that fragrance allergy significantly affected their daily lives. [source] Formaldehyde-releasers: relationship to formaldehyde contact allergy.CONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 2 2009Contact allergy to formaldehyde, inventory of formaldehyde-releasers This is one of series of review articles on formaldehyde and formaldehyde-releasers (others: formaldehyde in cosmetics, in clothes and in metalworking fluids and miscellaneous). Thirty-five chemicals were identified as being formaldehyde-releasers. Although a further seven are listed in the literature as formaldehyde-releasers, data are inadequate to consider them as such beyond doubt. Several (nomenclature) mistakes and outdated information are discussed. Formaldehyde and formaldehyde allergy are reviewed: applications, exposure scenarios, legislation, patch testing problems, frequency of sensitization, relevance of positive patch test reactions, clinical pattern of allergic contact dermatitis from formaldehyde, prognosis, threshold for elicitation of allergic contact dermatitis, analytical tests to determine formaldehyde in products and frequency of exposure to formaldehyde and releasers. The frequency of contact allergy to formaldehyde is consistently higher in the USA (8,9%) than in Europe (2,3%). Patch testing with formaldehyde is problematic; the currently used 1% solution may result in both false-positive and false-negative (up to 40%) reactions. Determining the relevance of patch test reactions is often challenging. What concentration of formaldehyde is safe for sensitive patients remains unknown. Levels of 200,300 p.p.m. free formaldehyde in cosmetic products have been shown to induce dermatitis from short-term use on normal skin. [source] Contact allergy to sodium cocoamphoacetate present in an eye make-up removerCONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 5 2006A. Goossens This is a case report of a contact allergic reaction on the face due to a skin cleansing product containing the amphoteric surfactant sodium cocoamphoacetate, occurring in an atopic woman with multiple contact sensitivities. Because of its weak irritant properties, this surfactant is widely used in cosmetic products intended to be used for sensitive skin, including products for intimate, and baby hygiene. [source] Sensitivity to Myroxylon pereirae resin (balsam of Peru).CONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 6 2005A study of 50 cases The Myroxylon pereirae resin (MP; balsam of Peru) is a natural resin used in the local treatment of burns and wounds. M. pereirae extracts and distillates are very often contained in a wide range of cosmetic products and causes frequently allergic contact dermatitis , to the extent of being considered an allergy marker to perfumes. We have carried out a retrospective study of 863 patients who have been submitted to patch tests from January 2002 to June 2004. A total of 50 patients were positive to MP. Thus, the prevalence was 5.79%, slightly higher in men (7.32%) than in women (4.91%). The positive patch tests were relevant in 64%. Over the last years, it appears that there is a clear increase of the prevalence of the sensitization to MP in all the studies published. We observe an increase of the prevalence especially in aged patients, where the sensitization is linked with the use of topical medications secondary to stasis dermatitis. The high frequency of allergy to MP in our area might be associated with manipulation of citrus fruits. The increasing use of cosmetic products by the male population can also be held responsible for the higher sensitization rate in this group of patients. [source] Cosmetics and contact dermatitisDERMATOLOGIC THERAPY, Issue 3 2001Ronni Wolf Modern cosmetic and skin care products are safe for most users and adverse reactions to them are very rare considering the number of people in contact with numerous products over a lifetime of use. Improvements in safety, tolerance, and skin compatibility will not prevent cosmetic product side effects from increasing in the future because of the continuing goals of intensifying their biological activity and therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, now more than ever, dermatologists should be familiar with all possible untoward reactions to cosmetics. Adverse reactions include an extreme variant of sensitive skin, called "cosmetic intolerance syndrome," describing individuals who are no longer able to tolerate a wide range of cosmetic products. "True" allergic reactions to cosmetics occur much less commonly than irritant reactions. These are of great importance to the dermatologist because they are more serious, more difficult to treat, and require absolute abstention from the causative agent. Eczematous, damaged skin is especially prone to develop allergies. [source] Green tea extract reduces induction of p53 and apoptosis in UVB-irradiated human skin independent of transcriptional controlsEXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY, Issue 1 2009Christian D. Mnich Abstract:, Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation plays a pivotal role in human skin carcinongenesis. Preclinically, systemically and topically applied green tea extract (GTE) has shown reduction of UV-induced (i) erythema, (ii) DNA damage, (iii) formation of radical oxygen species and (iv) downregulation of numerous factors related to apoptosis, inflammation, differentiation and carcinogenesis. In humans, topical GTE has so far only been tested in limited studies, with usually very high GTE concentrations and over short periods of time. Both chemical stability of GTE and staining properties of highly concentrated green tea polyphenols limit the usability of highly concentrated green tea extracts in cosmetic products. The present study tested the utility of stabilized low-dose GTE as photochemopreventive agents under everyday conditions. We irradiated with up to 100 mJ/cm2 of UVB light skin patches which were pretreated with either OM24® -containing lotion or a placebo lotion. Biopsies were taken from both irradiated and un-irradiated skin for both immunohistochemistry and DNA microarray analysis. We found that while OM24® treatment did not significantly affect UV-induced erythema and thymidine dimer formation, OM24® treatment significantly reduced UV-induced p53 expression in keratinocytes. We also found that OM24® treatment significantly reduced the number of apoptotic keratinocytes (sunburn cells and TUNEL-positive cells). Carefully controlled DNA microarray analyses showed that OM24® treatment does not induce off-target changes in gene expression, reducing the likelihood of unwanted side-effects. Topical GTE (OM24®) reduces UVB-mediated epithelial damage already at low, cosmetically usable concentrations, without tachyphylaxis over 5 weeks, suggesting GTE as suitable everyday photochemopreventive agents. [source] Review Article: A new wrinkle on old skin: the role of elastic fibres in skin ageingINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE, Issue 5 2010A. K. Langton Synopsis Cutaneous ageing is the result of two distinct, biological processes which may occur concurrently: (i) the passage of time, termed intrinsic ageing and (ii) environmental influences, termed extrinsic ageing. Intrinsic ageing of the skin is a slow process which causes changes in tissue structure and impairs function in the absence of additional biological, chemical and physical factors. The clinical features of intrinsically aged skin are not usually evident until old age when, although smooth and unblemished, the skin surface appears pale and is characterized by fine wrinkles with occasional exaggerated expression lines. Functionally, intrinsically aged skin is dry and less elastic than more youthful skin. In contrast, extrinsically aged skin is exemplified by deep, coarse wrinkles, mottled hyperpigmentation and a marked loss of elasticity and recoil. The two major environmental influences which induce extrinsic ageing are: (i) chronic exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) irradiation (termed photoageing) and (ii) smoking. This review discusses the changes associated with the ageing process in the skin, with particular emphasis on the role played by the elastic fibre network in maintaining dermal function. The review concludes with a discussion of a short-term assay for independent assessment of the efficacy of anti-ageing cosmetic products using the elastic fibre component fibrillin-1 as a biomarker of extracellular matrix repair. Résumé Le vieillissement Cutané est le résultat de deux processus biologiques distincts, qui peuvent se produire concurremment : i) le passage de temps, désigné comme vieillissement intrinsèque et ii) les influences environnementales, désignées comme vieillissement extrinsèque. Le vieillissement intrinsèque de la peau est un processus lent provoquant des changements de la structure et détériorant la fonction tissulaire sans facteurs biologiques, chimiques ou physiques supplémentaires. Les caractéristiques cliniques de la peau intrinsèquement âgée sont peu visibles avant la vieillesse où, bien que lisse et impeccable, la surface de la peau apparaît pâle et marquée par des rides notables et des lignes d'expression exagérées. Au niveau fonctionnel, la peau intrinsèquement âgée est sèche et moins d'élastique que la peau plus jeune. Au contraire, la peau extrinsèquement âgée est caractérisée par des rides profondes, grossières, une hyperpigmentation en taches et une perte marquée d'élasticité. Les deux influences environnementales majeures à l'origine du vieillissement extrinsèque sont : i) l'exposition chronique aux ultra-violets (UV) et ii) l'exposition tabagique. Cette revue envisage les changements associés au processus de vieillissement cutané, avec une attention particulière sur le rôle joué par le réseau élastique dans le maintien de la fonction dermique. Cette analyse se termine par une discussion à propos d'un essai d'évaluation de l'efficacité de produits cosmétiques anti-âges utilisant un composant de fibre élastique la fibrillin-1 comme bio marqueur de la réparation de la matrice extracellulaire. [source] Developing beauty-enhancing makeup by controlling light reflected from skin (II) , a makeup foundation producing an optimal reflectance dip on skinINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE, Issue 4 2007Y. Sakazaki Spectral reflection curves of human skin generally show a characteristic dip in the 500,600 nm range. This ,dip' is unique for each person, and is believed to be caused by the spectral absorption of blood. We investigated the spectral reflectance of human skin and discovered a very interesting correlation between the area of the reflectance dip and L* value (lightness of the skin). The standard area of reflectance dip (Ads) is defined and calculated from the correlation we discovered. The actual area of reflectance dip (ADa) is calculated from the spectral reflection curve. The ratio of ADa and ADs was found to be a very useful optical parameter for skin complexion perception. By artificially creating different optical environments and varying ADa/ADs from 10 to 200%, we found that skin appeared more beautiful when ADa/ADs was in the 100,125% range. We therefore considered methods for applying these results into the development of cosmetic products. Investigation and testing of many different pigments resulted in the development of specially-designed powdered fiber with a #-shaped cross section dyed magenta. An experimental foundation with this powdered fiber produced a clear reflectance dip by raising reflectance in the short and long wavelength ranges. ADa/ADs increased from 49 to 107% without reducing lightness when this makeup foundation was applied on sallow skin. [source] Rapid and accurate identification of microorganisms contaminating cosmetic products based on DNA sequence homologyINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE, Issue 6 2005Y. Fujita Synopsis The aim of this study was to develop rapid and accurate procedures to identify microorganisms contaminating cosmetic products, based on the identity of the nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal RNA coding DNA (rDNA). Five types of microorganisms were isolated from the inner portion of lotion bottle caps, skin care lotions, and cleansing gels. The rDNA ITS region of microorganisms was amplified through the use of colony-direct PCR or ordinal PCR using DNA extracts as templates. The nucleotide sequences of the amplified DNA were determined and subjected to homology search of a publicly available DNA database. Thereby, we obtained DNA sequences possessing high similarity with the query sequences from the databases of all the five organisms analyzed. The traditional identification procedure requires expert skills, and a time period of approximately 1 month to identify the microorganisms. On the contrary, 3,7 days were sufficient to complete all the procedures employed in the current method, including isolation and cultivation of organisms, DNA sequencing, and the database homology search. Moreover, it was possible to develop the skills necessary to perform the molecular techniques required for the identification procedures within 1 week. Consequently, the current method is useful for rapid and accurate identification of microorganisms, contaminating cosmetics. Résumé Le but de cette étude est de développer une procédure rapide et fiable pour identifier les micro-organismes contaminant les produits cosmétiques. Cette procédure repose sur l'identification des séquences des nucléotides des espaceurs transcrits internes (Internal Transcribed Spacer ou région ITS), de l'ADN codant pour l'ARN ribosomique (rADN). Cinq types de micro-organismes sont isolés sur la partie intérieure des bouchons des flacons de lotions pour le soin de la peau et de gels lavants. Les régions ITS rADN des micro-organismes sont amplifiées grâce à l'utilisation de la méthode ,colony-direct PCR, ou ,ordinal PCR, en utilisant les extraits d'ADN comme matrices. Les séquences de nucléotides de l'ADN amplifiées sont évaluées et soumises à une recherche homologique dans une librairie d'ADN disponible au public. Ainsi, grâce aux bases de données, nous obtenons des séquences d'ADN qui possèdent une similaritéélevée avec les séquences recherchées des cinq organismes analysés. La procédure d'identification classique exige des compétences d'experts et une période d'environ un mois pour identifier les micro-organismes. D'autre part, il faut 3 à 7 jours pour terminer toutes les procédures utilisées dans la méthode ici décrite, y compris l'isolation et la culture des organismes, le séquençage de l'ADN et la recherche dermatologique dans les bases de données. De plus, il est possible en 1 semaine de développer les compétences nécessaires pour mettre en ,uvre les techniques moléculaires requises pour les procédures d'identification. Cette méthode est donc utile pour une identification rapide et fiable des micro-organismes qui contaminent les cosmétiques. [source] Clinical and instrumental evaluation of a food supplement in improving skin hydrationINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE, Issue 4 2005G Primavera Synopsis Topically applied cosmetic products can be helpful in improving skin hydration. The study shows how oral supplementation could be helpful in improving and preventing the skin dehydration. A total of 32 healthy female volunteers entered the study. Of which, 16 were treated with a food supplement based on vegetable ceramides, amino acids, fish cartilage, antioxidants and essential fatty acids for 40 days and 16 with placebo. The results of the clinical and instrumental evaluations carried out in this study, have highlighted how the active treatment is effective in improving skin hydration and in reducing the cutaneous smoothness and roughness and the depth of furrows, in comparison to the placebo. In fact, concerning several important parameters, as stratum corneum hydration and skin roughness, the improvement measured exceeded 25%. We therefore suggest that a combination of treatments (oral and topical) can be more effective in improving skin hydration. Resume L'application topique de produits cosmétiques peut aider à l'hydratation de la peau. L'étude montre comment une supplémentation orale peut améliorer et empêcher la déshydratation de la peau. Trente deux femmes volontaires en bonne santé ont participéà cette étude. Seize ont été traitées pendant quarante jours avec un supplément alimentaire contenant des céramides végétaux, des aminoacides, du cartilage de poisson, des antioxydants et des acides gras essentiels, seize autres ont reçu un placebo. Les résultats des évaluations cliniques et expérimentales menées dans cette étude ont montré comment le traitement actif est efficace pour améliorer, par rapport au placebo, l'hydratation de la peau et réduire la douceur, la rugosité cutanée et la profondeur des rides. En fait, si l'on considère des paramètres importants comme l'hydratation du stratum corneum et la rugosité de la peau, l'amélioration mesurée dépasse 25%. Nous suggérons également qu'une combinaison de traitements (oral et topique) peut être encore plus efficace. [source] Objective emotional assessment of tactile hair properties and their modulation by different product worldsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE, Issue 3 2002W. Boucsein Synopsis Tactile properties of cosmetic products constitute weak stimuli and thus can be expected to be easily modified by mental images. In order to enhance an intended positive-emotion-inducing effect of such a product, its experience can be embedded in a certain ,world' that generates a positive emotional imagination. The present study investigated such an influence in 12 males and 12 females, half of each being laymen and experts in sensory assessment. Two product worlds (emotional and technical) and three different hair samples, two of them treated with different shampoos and an untreated one as control, were presented to each subject in counter-balanced order of all six combinations. An objective emotional assessment using a psychophysiological technique developed in an earlier study was applied and compared with a traditional sensory assessment. Among the physiological measures, peripheral blood volume and facial muscular activity were the most sensitive in revealing effects of and interactions between the product worlds and hair samples. A multivariate evaluation of the physiological data revealed three discriminant functions that explained 78.4% of the total variance and enabled a re-classification considerably better than chance. The first discriminant function clearly separated the treated from the untreated hair samples which was not possible by subjective ratings or traditional sensory assessment. The two other discriminant functions comprised a hedonistic and a product world factor. The emotional product world exerted the largest influence in case of the weakest tactile differences between the hair samples, and its influence was larger on laymen than on experts. Gender effects were most prominent in the subjective domain. In conclusion, multivariate psychophysiological methodology is superior to traditional sensory assessment in revealing subtle differences in the tactile perception of cosmetic products. Résumé Les propriétés tactiles des produits cosmétiques constituent de faibles stimuli, de sorte que l'on peut s'attendre à ce qu'elles soient facilement modifiées par des images mentales. Afin d'intensifier l'effet intentionnellement incitant à une émotion positive envers un tel produit, son expérience peut être introduite dans un certain ,environnement' qui engendrerait une imagination émotionelle positive. La présente étude a testé telle influence sur 12 hommes et 12 femmes, la moitié de chaque groupe étant noninitiée et l'autre experte en évaluation sensorielle. Nous avons présentéà chaque sujet, par ordre contrebalancé des six possibilités, deux ,environnements' du produit (émotif et technique), et trois différents échantillons capillaires dont deux où les cheveux étaient traités par différents shampooings, et, pour le contrôle, un échantillon de cheveux nontraités. Nous avons employé une évaluation émotionelle objective par une technique psychophysiologique développée durant une étude précédente et l'avons comparée à une évaluation sensorielle traditionnelle. Parmi les mesures physiologiques, le volume sanguin périphérique et les activités des muscles faciaux étaient exceptionnellement sensibles à manifester les effets des ,environnements' du produit, et des échantillons, ainsi que les interactions entre eux. Une évaluation multivariante des données physiologiques dévoila trois fonctions discriminantes expliquant les 78.4% de l'ensemble de la variance, et permettant une re-classification considérablement meilleure que le hasard. La première fonction discriminante a nettement distingué les échantillons de cheveux traités de ceux nontraités; ce qui n'était pas possible à travers une évaluation subjective ou des mesures sensorielles traditionnelles. Les deux autres fonctions discriminantes comportaient un facteur hédoniste et d'environnement du produit. Dans le cas des plus faibles différences tactiles entre les échantillons capillaires, l'environnement émotif du produit a exercé plus d'influence sur les noninitiés que sur les experts. Les effets du genre humain étaient surtout marquants dans le domaine subjectif. En conclusion, pour dévoiler les subtiles différences dans la perception tactile des produits cosmétiques, la méthodologie psychophysiologique multivariante est supérieure à l'évaluation sensorielle traditionnelle. [source] Oral fish cartilage polysaccharides in the treatment of photoageing: biophysical findingsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE, Issue 2 2002F. Distante Synopsis The topically applied cosmetic products can be helpful in improving the aged skin condition. The present study shows how oral fish-cartilage food supplementation can be helpful in improving the treatment of ageing skin. A total of 30 healthy women with signs of skin ageing were studied. Fifteen of the women were treated with a food supplement based on polysaccharides derived from the fish cartilage and a natural mix of antioxidants for 2 months and the other 15 with a placebo. Clinical evaluation and biophysical parameters related to skin function and wrinkle severity, such as silicone replica, skin thickness, mechanical properties, skin colour and capacitance, were measured. The results showed statistically significant changes in the active-treated group in comparison to the placebo. In particular, dermal thickness (treatment: from 1.13 to 1.23 mm; P < 0.001), skin wrinkling (treatment: from 9.5 to 3.5 Ra; P< 0.002), skin colour (treatment: brighter and less pigmented; P < 0.02) and viscoelasticity (treatment: from 0.70 to 0.97%; P < 0.02) showed considerable improvement. Most of these parameters are related to changes occurring within the dermal matrix, which is improved after the treatment, whereas most of the topically applied cosmetic products have a short-term effect on superficial structures. A combination treatment (oral and topical) can be more effective in reducing the signs of skin-ageing. Résumé Les produits cosmétiques en topiques locaux ont montré leur efficacité pour ralentir le vieillissement cutané. Cette étude montre qu'un traitement oral, à base de cartilage de poisson sous forme de suppléments nutritifs, peut être un complément efficace dans le traitement du vieillissement cutané. 30 femmes en bonne santé présentant des signes de vieillissement cutané ont été incluses dans notre étude. 15 d'entre elles ont reçu pendant 2 mois une supplémentation alimentaire à base de polysaccharides dérivés de cartilage de poisson, associée à un mélange normal d'antioxydants. Les 15 autres femmes ont été traitées avec un placebo. Les paramètres cliniques et biophysiques suivants, évaluant la fonction de la peau et la sévérité des rides ont été mesurés: réplica?? de silicone, épaisseur de la peau, propriétés mécaniques, couleur de peau et état d'hydratation cutanée. Les résultats ont mis en évidence des changements significatifs entre le groupe placebo et le groupe traité pour les paramètres étudiés. En particulier, l'épaisseur cutanée (traitement: de 1.13 à 1.23 mm; P < 0.001), les rides (traitement: de 9.5 à,3.5 Ra; P < 0.002), la couleur de la peau (traitement: plus claire et moins pigmentée; P < 0.02) et la visco-élasticité (traitment: de 0.70 à 0.97%; P < 0.02) ont été considérablement améliorées. La plupart de ces paramètres sont liées aux changements qui se produisent en profondeur dans la matrice dermique, alors que la plupart des produits cosmétiques topiques ont un effet à court terme sur les structures superficielles. La combinaison d'un traitement oral associéà un traitement local peut être plus efficace dans la prévention du vieillissement cutané. [source] New and unexpected cosmetic properties of perfumes.INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE, Issue 5 2000Effects upon free radicals, absolutes, enzymes induced by essential oils, fragrant compounds Synopsis The biological properties of several different perfume components have been investigated. It has been demonstrated, through appropriate test methods, that essential oils, absolutes and even compounds show significant (anti/pro)-radical, (anti/pro)-elastasic and (anti/pro)-tyrosinasic activities. These unexpected properties open up new opportunities for the formulation of cosmetic products and could contribute to the understanding of activities traditionally attributed to essential oils by Aromatherapy. Résumé Les propriétés biologiques de plusieurs composants différents utilisés en parfumerie ont étéétudiées. On a montré, à l'aide de méthodes expérimentales appropriées, que les huiles essentielles, les absolues et même des compositions parfumantes présentent des activités significatives pro- ou antiradicalaires, pro- ou antiélastasiques et pro- ou antityrosinasiques. Ces propriétés innattendues offrent de nouvelles opportunités pour la formulation des produits cosmétiques et pourraient contribuer à la compréhension des activités traditionnellement attribuées aux huiles essentielles par l'Aromathérapie. [source] Periorbital dermatitis: Causes, differential diagnoses and therapyJOURNAL DER DEUTSCHEN DERMATOLOGISCHEN GESELLSCHAFT, Issue 3 2010Alexandra Feser Summary Periorbital dermatitis is common and frequently difficult to treat. Patients with periorbital dermatitis often suffer severely because their disease is in such a visible location. Because of the variety of clinical appearance, the differential diagnostic considerations are often difficult. We examined the causes of periorbital dermatitis and compared the data of 88 patients from the Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen to those of the German IVDK (Information Network of the Departments of Dermatology). Between 1999 and 2004, predominant causes of periorbital dermatitis were allergic contact dermatitis (Erlangen 44 %, IVDK 32 %), atopic eczema (Erlangen 25 %, IVDK 14 %), airborne contact dermatitis (Erlangen 10 %, IVDK 2 %) and irritant contact dermatitis (Erlangen 9 %, IVDK 8 %). Less frequent causes for secondary eczematous periocular skin lesions were periorbital rosacea, allergic conjunctivitis or psoriasis vulgaris. Female gender, atopic skin diathesis and age of 40 years and older were identified as risk factors for periocular dermatitis. Common elicitors of periorbital allergic contact dermatitis were leave-on cosmetic products (face cream, eye shadow) and eye drops with the usual allergens being fragrances, preservatives and drugs. Exact identification of relevant contact allergens and allergen elimination are essential for successful treatment. Calcineurin inhibitors are the first-line therapy for facial atopic eczema. They may be also effective in periocular eczematous lesions of other origins although they are not approved for such use. [source] Oestrogenic activity of benzyl salicylate, benzyl benzoate and butylphenylmethylpropional (Lilial) in MCF7 human breast cancer cells in vitroJOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY, Issue 5 2009A. K. Charles Abstract Benzyl salicylate, benzyl benzoate and butylphenylmethylpropional (Lilial) are added to bodycare cosmetics used around the human breast. We report here that all three compounds possess oestrogenic activity in assays using the oestrogen-responsive MCF7 human breast cancer cell line. At 3 000 000-fold molar excess, they were able to partially displace [3H]oestradiol from recombinant human oestrogen receptors ER, and ER,, and from cytosolic ER of MCF7 cells. At concentrations in the range of 5 × 10,5 to 5 × 10,4 m, they were able to increase the expression of a stably integrated oestrogen-responsive reporter gene (ERE-CAT) and of the endogenous oestrogen-responsive pS2 gene in MCF7 cells, albeit to a lesser extent than with 10,8 m 17, -oestradiol. They increased the proliferation of oestrogen-dependent MCF7 cells over 7 days, which could be inhibited by the antioestrogen fulvestrant, suggesting an ER-mediated mechanism. Although the extent of stimulation of proliferation over 7 days was lower with these compounds than with 10,8 m 17, -oestradiol, given a longer time period of 35 days the extent of proliferation with 10,4 m benzyl salicylate, benzyl benzoate or butylphenylmethylpropional increased to the same magnitude as observed with 10,8 m 17, -oestradiol over 14 days. This demonstrates that benzyl salicylate, benzyl benzoate and butylphenylmethylpropional are further chemical components of cosmetic products which give oestrogenic responses in a human breast cancer cell line in culture. Further research is now needed to investigate whether oestrogenic responses are detectable using in vivo models and the extent to which these compounds might be absorbed through human skin and might enter human breast tissues. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Sustainability of cosmetic products in BrazilJOURNAL OF COSMETIC DERMATOLOGY, Issue 3 2009Neila De Paula Pereira PhD Summary Background, The most recent research in the area of cosmetics to sustainability has focused on obtaining formulations rich in nontraditional oils and butters from seeds and fruits native to Brazilian tropical flora. These have contributed to aggregate value for the raw materials and involvement of small farms forming rural production in Brazil, since the plants are cultivated in preservation areas sponsored by companies who are partners in the Government Program for Brazilian Sustainability. Given that the oils extracted from seeds have the potential to replace these cutaneous constituents, it has been verified that new products of strong commercial impact show an increasing tendency to incorporate in their formulas the oils of plants grown in Brazilian soil. [source] Hydroquinone and its analogues in dermatology , a risk-benefit viewpointJOURNAL OF COSMETIC DERMATOLOGY, Issue 3 2006DABT, J L O'Donoghue VMD Summary Hydroquinone (HQ) has been used since the 1950s in commercially available over-the-counter skin lightener products and since the 1960s as a commercially available medical product. It is also used in cosmetic products such as hair dyes and products for coating finger nails. Beginning in 2001, HQ is no longer authorized for use in cosmetic skin lightening formulations in European Union countries, although products containing arbutin, an analogue of HQ, and botanicals, including plants that naturally contain HQ and arbutin, continue to remain available in European countries. The potential toxicity of HQ is dependent on the route of exposure, and toxicity in rodents is highly sex-, species-, and strain-specific. Subchronic and chronic toxicity in experimental animals is primarily limited to nephrotoxicity in male F-344 rats. Dermal toxicity studies, even those conducted in the sensitive male F-344 rat, are essentially devoid of systemic toxicity. Developmental and reproductive toxicity studies with HQ in rats and rabbits have not demonstrated significant effects. Cancer bioassay data for HQ demonstrate limited effects and are not sufficient to classify HQ for human carcinogenicity. Epidemiology and occupational studies of workers with extensive exposure to HQ have not reported any evidence of adverse systemic health effects or carcinogenicity. A risk-benefit approach is recommended for assessing the available data for HQ, arbutin, and other materials in use as, or proposed for use as, skin lighteners to provide optimal therapeutic benefits to patients with pigmentary changes of the skin. [source] A11. UV-related skin hazards: allergic photodermatitisJOURNAL OF COSMETIC DERMATOLOGY, Issue 2 2002Paolo Pigatto Cases of dermatitis induced by exposure to ultra-violet radiation are increasingly encountered in clinical practice, with contact allergic photodermatitis accounting for about 10% of cases. Its frequency seems to be increasing, not only as a result of the increased use of cosmetic products and contact with some of the materials of working processes, but above all because of the greater exposure to both natural and artificial sources of UV radiation. Many substances have been defined ,photo-allergising' but their exact prevalence has varied over the years with the introduction and use of new substances in cosmetics and pharmaceutical products. For these, and other reasons, there are few studies concerning the prevalence and incidence of contact allergic photodermatitis in Italy. A total of 2160 patients with clinical histories suggestive of photoallergic contact dermatitis were seen. All patients underwent photopatch tests with haptens proposed by the Gruppo Italiano Ricerca Dermatiti da Contatto plus other substances suggested by each patient's history. 518 patients (24%) were positive to at least one test substance of the standard series or to added substances. Typical photoallergic reactions were seen in 423 subjects, representing 19.5% of the total population. Topical drugs are the substances most frequently involved in photodermatitis. The incidence in our population was about equal for antimicrobial agents, additives to fragrances, and fragrances themselves. Other allergens frequently found were sun screening agents which were the second group of haptens with clear-cut relevance. [source] APPLICATION OF TWO CONSUMER PROFILING TECHNIQUES TO COSMETIC EMULSIONSJOURNAL OF SENSORY STUDIES, Issue 5 2010MARÍA EMMA PARENTE ABSTRACT The sensory characteristics of cosmetic products are commonly used for attracting consumers' attention in advertising campaigns and packaging. Thus, in order to appropriately satisfy consumers' sensory expectations, it is important to gather information about their perception of the sensory characteristics. In this context, the aim of the present work was to apply two consumer methodologies (intensity scales and a check-all-that-apply [CATA] question) to gather information about the sensory profile of cosmetic emulsions. Six cosmetic emulsions with different formulation, widely differing in their sensory characteristics, were evaluated by two groups of 50 female consumers. One group used intensity scales to evaluate eight attributes of the emulsions and the other completed a CATA question comprising 20 terms related to sensory characteristics of the emulsions, cosmetic applications and effects on the skin. Both intensity scales and CATA question were able to detect differences in consumers' perception of the sensory characteristics of the evaluated emulsions. These differences could be explained considering the samples' formulation, which suggests their validity and indicates that they could consist on interesting alternatives to traditional sensory profiles obtained with trained assessors' panels. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The application of intensity scales or a CATA question consisted of an interesting approach to gather information about consumers' perception of cosmetic products. Despite both methodologies provided similar results, the application of CATA questions could be regarded as more natural for consumers and easier to use. Besides, CATA questions could enable the identification of consumers' perception of the sensory characteristics of cosmetic products, but also their effects on the skin and the cosmetic applications for which they are considered appropriate. An interesting application of this methodology could be the development of a line of cosmetic products with different applications or the selection of sensory and efficacy claims during the design of marketing strategies or labels of cosmetic products. [source] FOUNDING A NEW SCIENCE: MIND GENOMICSJOURNAL OF SENSORY STUDIES, Issue 3 2006HOWARD R. MOSKOWITZ ABSTRACT We present in this article our vision for a new science, modeled on the emerging science of genomics and the technology of informatics. Our goal in this new science is to better understand how people react to ideas in a formal and structured way, using the principles of stimulus,response (from experimental psychology), conjoint analysis (from consumer research and statistics), Internet-based testing (from marketing research) and multiple tests to identify patterns of mind-sets (patterned after genomics). We show how this formal approach can then be used to construct new, innovative ideas in business. We demonstrate the approach using the development of new ideas for an electronic color palette for cosmetic products to be used by consumers. [source] Simultaneous determination of seven phthalates and four parabens in cosmetic products using HPLC-DAD and GC-MS methodsJOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE, JSS, Issue 10 2008Hao-Yu Shen [source] Surfactants, skin cleansing protagonistsJOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY & VENEREOLOGY, Issue 1 2010M Corazza Abstract The correct choice of cosmetic products and cleansers is very important to improve skin hydration, to provide moisturizing benefits and to minimize cutaneous damage caused by surfactants. In fact, surfactants may damage protein structures and solubilize lipids. Soaps, defined as the alkali salts of fatty acids, are the oldest surfactants and are quite aggressive. Syndets (synthetic detergents) vary in composition and surfactant types (anionic, cationic, amphotheric, non-ionic). These new skin cleansing products also contain preservatives, fragrances, and sometimes emollients, humectants and skin nutrients. We present a revision of the literature and discuss recent findings regarding skin cleansers. [source] Instrumental evaluation of antiwrinkle activity of cosmetic products: what's new?JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY & VENEREOLOGY, Issue 3 2001GE Piérard [source] Methyldibromoglutaronitrile in rinse-off products causes allergic contact dermatitis: an experimental studyBRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 1 2004C.D. Jensen Summary Background The frequency of sensitivity to the cosmetic preservative methyldibromoglutaronitrile (MDBGN) has increased significantly in Europe. Most cases of allergic contact dermatitis from MDBGN are caused by leave-on cosmetic products. The risk of developing allergic contact dermatitis from rinse-off products has been less studied. Objectives To investigate the allergic response elicited in presensitized individuals from exposure to a rinse-off product preserved with the maximum permitted level of MDBGN. Methods Nineteen contact allergic individuals and nine controls participated in a double-blind, randomized repeated open application test (ROAT) using two coded liquid soaps with and without MDBGN. Areas of 50 cm2 on the lower arms were washed with the soaps twice a day for up to 28 days; two of the subjects continued for 34 days. The subjects were also patch tested with a dilution series of MDBGN to determine their patch test threshold values. Results Seven presensitized individuals (37%) developed allergic contact dermatitis from the soap containing MDBGN. The mean dose of MDBGN per application was 2·2 µg cm,2 and the reactions appeared between days 6 and 34. All nine controls had negative ROATs. The difference in reactivity between test subjects and controls was significant (one-sided Fisher's exact test, P = 0·04). Patch test threshold values ranged from <,0·001% to 0·2% MDBGN in ethanol/water. Conclusions This study shows that the exposure to a rinse-off product containing the maximum permitted level of MDBGN can easily elicit an allergic response in presensitized individuals. Along with reported cases of induction and elicitation caused by MDBGN in rinse-off products the study indicates that the permitted level of MDBGN in rinse-off products is too high. We recommend that this level should be re-evaluated. [source] Phospholipase stimulates lipogenesis in SZ95 sebocytesEXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY, Issue 7 2008S. Schagen Introduction:, With progressing ageing human sebocytes reduce lipid production. However, the influence of certain aging mechanisms on sebaceous lipid synthesis as well as ways to influence the latter is not fully identified. Certain lipids act as ligands of nuclear receptors such as PPAR. Phospholipase (PLA2) catalyzes the hydrolysis of the sn-2 fatty acyl bond of phospholipids to yield free fatty acid and lysophospholipid. It has been hypothesized that PPAR may be activated by hydrolysis products of phospholipids and also by eicosanoids obtained through PLA2 activity. Materials and Methods:, A method to quantify sebaceous lipid synthesis of SZ95 sebocytes in vitro was established and the cells were treated by snake venom Bothrops moojeni gel filtration fractions (Botmo GF). Botmo GF fractions were further purified by RP-HPLC, and a fraction with PLA2 activity (Botmo GF11-117) and a fraction without enzymatic activity (Botmo GF11-101) were identified and additionally tested. Results:, Botmo GF fractions increased lipogenesis in SZ95 sebocytes without inducing apparent toxic or apoptotic effects. Botmo GF11-101 (1 ,g/ml) enhanced neutral lipid synthesis by up to 170% and polar lipid synthesis by up to 120%. The enzymatically active PLA2 Botmo GF11-117 (1 ,g/ml) increased synthesis of neutral lipids by up to 200%, and polar lipids by up to 120% compared to untreated SZ95 sebocytes. Conclusion:, PLA2 activation or suppression could be important for human sebaceous lipogenesis. PLA2 modifiers may be attractive for skin lipid research and pharmacological/cosmetic products. [source] | |||||||||||||