			Home About us Contact

Cosmetic

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	92%
3 Other Domains	8%

Distribution within Medical Sciences

Dermatology	72%
General Surgery	5%
10 Other Subdomains	23%

Terms modified by Cosmetic

Selected Abstracts

Recent Trends in Cosmetic and Surgical Procedure Volumes in Dermatologic Surgery

DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 9 2009
EMILY P. TIERNEY MD
BACKGROUND The number of cosmetic and noncosmetic surgical procedures performed by dermatologic surgeons has been rising rapidly, but there are few consistent data sources allowing procedure volumes to be tracked over time. METHODS American Society for Dermatologic Surgery member survey in 2001 to 2007 reporting cosmetic and noncosmetic procedural volumes (300,500 surgeons surveyed, response rate of 31,44%). RESULTS In 2001, dermatologic surgeons performed an estimated 3.4 million cosmetic and noncosmetic surgical procedures; in 2007, it was estimated that a total of 7.6 million procedures were performed (120.2% rate of growth between 2001 and 2007). The procedures with the greatest increase during this time period were soft tissue augmentation (405.0% increase), botulinum toxin injections (324.4% increase), and nonablative skin rejuvenation (laser, light, and radiofrequency sources) (330.7% increase). More modest increases were noted in skin cancer procedures (85.8% increase) and ablative resurfacing procedures (66.8% increase). CONCLUSION The magnitude of growth in procedural volumes over the last 8 years reflects the advancements in dermatologic surgery in treatments for skin cancer and in treatment of photoaging and cosmetic enhancement of the skin. [source]

Patient-Reported Outcomes with Botulinum Toxin Type A Treatment of Glabellar Rhytids: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study

DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 2007
FACS, STEVEN FAGIEN MD
BACKGROUND Global patient-reported outcomes do not evaluate specific aspects of treatment that are important to patients. OBJECTIVE The objective was to evaluate self-perception of age and specific outcomes that are important to patients receiving botulinum toxin type A or placebo for moderate to severe glabellar lines (using the Facial Line Outcomes Questionnaire to assess how much facial lines bother them, make them look older, detract from their facial appearance, prevent a smooth facial appearance, and make them look tired, stressed, or angry). METHODS AND MATERIALS In the double-blind phase of this 12-week study, 70 patients were randomly assigned to treatment with 20 U botulinum toxin type A (BOTOX Cosmetic) or placebo. At Week 4, those still with moderate or severe glabellar lines were offered open-label 20 U botulinum toxin type A. RESULTS Median glabellar line severity was significantly lower after botulinum toxin treatment than after placebo. Compared with placebo, botulinum toxin also resulted in significantly superior patient assessments and a greater proportion of patients considering they looked younger than their current age. CONCLUSIONS Botulinum toxin type A can achieve specific goals of treatment that are important to patients and help them feel that they look younger than their current age. [source]

A Comparison of Two Botulinum Type A Toxin Preparations for the Treatment of Glabellar Lines: Double-Blind, Randomized, Pilot Study

DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 12 2005
Philippa L. Lowe MB ChB
Background. Botulinum toxins have been proven effective for reducing facial lines. There are two commercial types of botulinum toxin type A available in many countries but no published comparison studies. Objective. To compare the efficacy and tolerability of Botox Cosmetic and Dysport 50 U in the treatment of glabellar lines (using 20 U of Botox Cosmetic, which is the dose approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of glabellar lines, and 50 U of Dysport, which has been reported to be the optimal dose for this formulation). Study Design. Parallel-group double-blind pilot study. Evaluation by observing physician, photographic, and patient evaluations. Conclusion. Botox 20 U provided better and more prolonged efficacy than Dysport 50 U in the treatment of glabellar lines. NICHOLAS LOWE, MD, FRCP, AND RICKIE PATNAIK, MD, HAVE RECEIVED RESEARCH GRANTS FROM ALLERGAN INC. NICHOLAS LOWE OWNS STOCK IN ALLERGAN INC AND HAS RECEIVED CONSULTING PAYMENTS AND EDUCATIONAL GRANTS FROM ALLERGAN INC. THIS STUDY WAS FUNDED BY A GRANT FROM ALLERGAN INC. [source]

Penile replantation, complication management, and technique refinement

MICROSURGERY, Issue 3 2008
Erh-Kang Chou M.D.
We describe a case of complete guillotine-type penile amputation at the proximal penile shaft. The blood flow was established 10 h after trauma. Circulation in the replanted penis was quite good but there was progressive prepuce necrosis after the hematoma. Cosmetic and urinary outcome was good 6 weeks later. The repair of deep dorsal penile vessels helps in corpus tissue healing and glans circulation. The blood supply from the corpus tissue is sufficient for the survival of the replanted penis even when the repaired dorsal vessels were occluded. Surgical pitfalls in replantation procedures and complication management are discussed. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2008. [source]

Sensitive skin: closing in on a physiological cause

CONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 3 2010
Miranda A. Farage
The phenomenon of ,sensitive skin' is a relatively recent complaint in which certain individuals report more intense and frequent adverse sensory effects than the normal population upon use of cosmetic (personal-care) products. Originally defined as a minority complaint, sensitive skin is now claimed by a majority of women in industrialized countries and nearly half of men. Sensitive skin is self-diagnosed and typically unaccompanied by any obvious physical signs of irritation, and the number of individuals who claim sensitivity has risen steadily with the number of consumer products targeted towards this supposedly uncommon group. Believed by many dermatologists, therefore, to be a ,princess and the pea' phenomenon, the problem of sensitive skin has largely avoided focussed research. Over the last few years, however, the evidence of documentable biophysical changes associated with the largely sensory symptoms of this disorder has accumulated, including some gained by improved methods of identifying subclinical signs of skin irritation. Although the understanding of the aetiology of this phenomenon is as yet incomplete, existing research now supports a biophysical origin for this disorder. Effective methods of diagnosis, intrinsic and extrinsic contributors to exaggerated neural sensitivity, and the specific mechanisms of the discomfort associated with the compliant are required, as are appropriate means of prevention and treatment. [source]

Sensory, clinical and physiological factors in sensitive skin: a review

CONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 1 2006
Miranda A. Farage
Certain individuals experience more intense and frequent adverse sensory effects than the normal population after topical use of personal care products, a phenomenon known in popular usage as sensitive skin. Consumer reports of sensitive skin are self-diagnosed and often not verifiable by objective signs of physical irritation. Companies who manufacture cosmetic and personal care products are challenged to provide safe products to an audience with tremendous differences in skin type, culture and habits. This review examines the still incomplete understanding of this phenomenon with respect to aetiology, diagnosis, appropriate testing methods, possible contributing host factors such as, sex, ethnicity, age, anatomical site, cultural and environmental factors, and the future directions needed for research. [source]

Photoallergic contact cheilitis due to oxybenzone found in a lip cosmetic

CONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 1 2006
E. C. Veysey
No abstract is available for this article. [source]

Hapten,protein binding: from theory to practical application in the in vitro prediction of skin sensitization

CONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 4 2005
Maja Divkovic
In view of the forthcoming European Union ban on in vivo testing of cosmetic and toiletry ingredients, following the publication of the 7th amendment to the Cosmetics Directive, the search for practical, alternative, non-animal approaches is gathering pace. For the end-point of skin sensitization, the ultimate goal, i.e. the development and validation of alternative in vitro/in silico assays by 2013, may be achieved through a better understanding of the skin sensitization process on the cellular and molecular levels. One of the key molecular events in skin sensitization is protein haptenation, i.e. the chemical modification of self-skin protein(s) thus forming macromolecular immunogens. This concept is widely accepted and in theory can be used to explain the sensitizing capacity of many known skin sensitizers. Thus, the principle of protein or peptide haptenation could be used in in vitro assays to predict the sensitization potential of a new chemical entity. In this review, we consider some of the theoretical aspects of protein haptenation, how mechanisms of protein haptenation can be investigated experimentally and how we can use such knowledge in the development of novel, alternative approaches for predicting skin sensitization potential in the future. [source]

P17 Allergic contact dermatitis from hydrolyzed wheat protein

CONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 3 2004
Olivia Bordalo
Allergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD) from hydrolysed wheat protein (HWP) is rarely reported in the literature. We describe 2 cases of ACD to this new allergen. Case1- A 39-year-old non atopic woman presented with a dermatitis of the face, mainly eyelids and neck. She had been using a new cosmetic cream for 2 months. The lesions subsided with topical corticosteroids. Patch tests with the standard, cosmetic, fragrance series and with her own products gave positive reactions only to the new cosmetic cream. We also tested all the components of this cream and only HWP gave a doubtful reaction with occlusive tests and positive reaction with ROAT. Case 2 , A 48-year-old atopic woman presented with a dermatitis of the face and hands for 1 month. She had been using a new cosmetic cream for 11 months and kept using the product without any suspicion. The dermatitis subsided with cetirizine and topical corticosteroids. Patch tests with the standard, cosmetic, fragrance series and her own products revealed positive reactions to the cosmetic cream. Again, testing all the components of the cream, only HWP gave doubtful reactions with occlusive tests and positive reactions with ROAT. Discussion:, In recent years, a number of protein hydrolysates have been introduced into cosmetic manufacture. HWP is being used in cosmetic creams for its moisturizing properties. As far as we know, there is only one previously reported case of ACD induced by this allergen. More cases may be expected. [source]

P16 Eyelid dermatitis with positive patch test to coconut diethanolamide

CONTACT DERMATITIS, Issue 3 2004
Yves Dejobert
Objective:, The aim was to detect a possible allergen in a patient with eyelid dermatitis. Patient and methods: a non atopic 27-year-old female presented with eyelid dermatitis since 3 months. This dermatitis persisted despite the fact she had stopped the use of make up; she had acrylic artificial nails since 2 months and sometimes used hair dyes;patch tests were performed with Finn Chamber® tests with readings at D2 and D3, according ICDRG criteria, with European standard series, additional series (including toluenesulfonamide formaldehyde resin), cosmetic, acrylates, hairdressing series, in 3 patch test sessions, using Chemotechnique Diagnostics® allergens. Results:, The only positive patch test was coconut diethanolamide (0.5% pet.)++ at D2 and D3. After removal of the shampoo containing this allergen, the dermatitis cleared. Coconut diethanolamide (cocamide DEA), tensioactive synthesized with coconut oil is widely used in shampoos, soaps, shower gels, barrier creams, washing up liquids, metalworking fluids, hydraulic oils. Involvement of eyelids is not frequently described in the literature with this allergen. Conclusion:, Coconut diethanolamide should be added in cosmetic series, and it should be useful to test this allergen in patients with eyelid dermatitis. [source]

Recent Trends in Cosmetic and Surgical Procedure Volumes in Dermatologic Surgery

Periungual Basal Cell Carcinoma: Case Report and Literature Review

DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 2 2006
PAUL T. MARTINELLI MD
BACKGROUND Basal cell carcinoma, the most common malignancy in humans, rarely occurs on the nail unit and may be frequently misdiagnosed clinically. OBJECTIVES To present a case of basal cell carcinoma of the nail unit successfully treated with the mohs technique and to review the literature regarding this unique presentation of this tumor. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Case report and review of the English literature of nail unit basal cell carcinoma. RESULTS In addition to the currently described patient, 17 other patients with nail unit basal cell carcinaoma have been reported. The tumor occurred approximately 3 times more often on the fingers then on the toes and had a slight predilection to occur in men. Ulceration, noted in more than one-half of patients, was the most common presentation of nail unit basal cell carcinoma. Mohs micrographic surgery. Often with second intention healing, was successfully employed in 39% of patients. CONCLUSIONS Basal cell carcinaom infrequently involves the nail unit and often presents as ulceration. Adequate biopsy of the lesion is essential in making a timely diagnosis. Mohs micrographic surgery with second intension healing is an effective treatment that may offer excellent cosmetic and functional results. [source]

Forehead Donor Site Full-Thickness Skin Graft

DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 3 2005
Vassilios Dimitropoulos MD
Background Full-thickness skin grafts (FTSGs) are useful for reconstructing nasal defects. Traditional reported donor sites include the preauricular, postauricular, supraclavicular, clavicular, conchal bowl, melolabial fold, and upper eyelid skin. Selection of the "best" donor site is based on the "best" tissue match and ability to camouflage the donor scar. Objective The purpose was to report our experience with FTSGs harvested from the forehead for reconstruction of nasal defects following Mohs' surgery. Methods A retrospective query of the Mohs' surgery database was performed to identify nasal defects repaired with a FTSG harvested from the forehead skin. The research record contained the patient age and gender, defect size, and cosmetic and functional outcomes interpreted by the patient and surgeon. Results FTSGs from forehead skin were used to repair the nasal defects in three patients. The functional and cosmetic outcome of all three cases was deemed excellent by the patient and surgeon. Donor site scars were well concealed within preexisting rhytids. Conclusion FTSGs harvested from the forehead, although limited in practical utility, may offer an optimal FTSG match for limited select defects while also providing an easily camouflaged donor site scar within a forehead rhytid. VASSILIOS DIMITROPOULOS, MD, CHRISTOPHER K. BICHAKJIAN, MD, AND TIMOTHY M. JOHNSON, MD, HAVE INDICATED NO SIGNIFICANT INTEREST WITH COMMERCIAL SUPPORTERS. [source]

Why Are There Differences in the Perceived Safety of Office-Based Surgery?

DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 11 2004
John G. Hancox MD
Background. Office-based surgery has become an important method of health-care delivery, but there is controversy about its safety and which practitioners should perform it. Several states have already or are preparing to enact legislation regulating office-based surgery. Objective. The objective was to discuss recent literature pertaining to the safety of office surgery and to discuss reasons why there are perceived differences in its safety. Methods. The pertinent literature is reviewed. Results. The majority of studies suggest that office surgery is safe. A recent study that found to the contrary may have methodologic flaws. Conclusion. The medical and legislative community should seek to scientifically examine office surgery. Overregulation or loss of office surgery would have a tremendous impact on the management of skin cancers and the delivery of quality cosmetic and laser surgery. [source]

Treatment of Widespread Segmental Nevus Spilus by Q-Switched Alexandrite Laser (755 nm, 100 nsec)

DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 9 2001
G.A. Moreno-Arias MD
Background. Widespread unilateral nevus spilus causes important cosmetic and psychological disturbances, and only a few therapeutic options can guarantee good functional and cosmetic results. Objective. To evaluate the clinical response of a patient with widespread segmental nevus spilus to Q-switched (QS) alexandrite laser. Methods. The treatment was QS alexandrite laser (755 nm, 100 nsec) with a mean fluence of 7.28 ± 0.37 J/cm2 using a single-impact technique at 10 ± 8.47-week intervals. Results. Fifty percent clearance of the facial portion of the lesion was observed after 16 treatment sessions with QS alexandrite laser. Conclusion. QS alexandrite laser is suitable for removal of widespread segmental nevus spilus. [source]

Self-Limited Adverse Reaction to Human-Derived Collagen Injectable Product

DERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 10 2000
Brent R. Moody MD
Background. Soft tissue augmentation is a common and safe cosmetic and reconstructive procedure. Objective. We describe a temporary and self-limited adverse reaction to Dermalogen. Methods. Clinical and histologic evaluation following an adverse reaction noted at a Dermalogen skin test site. Results. Our patient was found to have a foreign body reaction to Dermalogen. Conclusion. Dermalogen, a form of acellular human collagen, may induce a foreign body reaction. [source]

Medical and surgical therapies for alopecias in black women

DERMATOLOGIC THERAPY, Issue 2 2004
Valerie D. Callender
ABSTRACT:, Hair loss is a common problem that challenges the patient and clinician with a host of cosmetic, psychological and medical issues. Alopecia occurs in both men and women, and in all racial and ethnic populations, but the etiology varies considerably from group to group. In black women, many forms of alopecia are associated with hair-care practices (e.g., traction alopecia, trichorrhexis nodosa, and central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia). The use of thermal or chemical hair straightening, and hair braiding or weaving are examples of styling techniques that place African American women at high risk for various "traumatic" alopecias. Although the exact cause of these alopecias is unknown, a multifactorial etiology including both genetic and environmental factors is suspected. A careful history and physical examination, together with an acute sensitivity to the patient's perceptions (e.g., self-esteem and social problems), are critical in determining the best therapy course. Therapeutic options for these patients range from alteration of current hair grooming practices or products, to use of specific medical treatments, to hair replacement surgery. Since early intervention is often a key to preventing irreversible alopecia, the purpose of the present article is to educate the dermatologist on all aspects of therapy for hair loss in black women,including not only a discussion of the main medical and surgical therapies but also an overview of ethnic hair cosmetics, specific suggestions for alterations of hair-care practices, and recommendations for patient education and compliance. [source]

Cosmetics and contact dermatitis

DERMATOLOGIC THERAPY, Issue 3 2001
Ronni Wolf
Modern cosmetic and skin care products are safe for most users and adverse reactions to them are very rare considering the number of people in contact with numerous products over a lifetime of use. Improvements in safety, tolerance, and skin compatibility will not prevent cosmetic product side effects from increasing in the future because of the continuing goals of intensifying their biological activity and therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, now more than ever, dermatologists should be familiar with all possible untoward reactions to cosmetics. Adverse reactions include an extreme variant of sensitive skin, called "cosmetic intolerance syndrome," describing individuals who are no longer able to tolerate a wide range of cosmetic products. "True" allergic reactions to cosmetics occur much less commonly than irritant reactions. These are of great importance to the dermatologist because they are more serious, more difficult to treat, and require absolute abstention from the causative agent. Eczematous, damaged skin is especially prone to develop allergies. [source]

New modification of the mandibulotomy approach without lip splitting

HEAD & NECK: JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENCES & SPECIALTIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK, Issue 7 2006
Chung-Hwan Baek MD
Abstract Background. A lower lip-splitting incision has traditionally been performed with different types of mandibulotomy approaches for obtaining wide access to oral and oropharyngeal cancers. However, lip splitting can be associated with unfavorable aesthetic results. We describe our new modification of a traditional mandibulotomy approach without lip splitting to avoid these morbidities. This is a case series in a tertiary referral center. Methods. The primary tumor site was the oropharynx in four cases, the oral cavity in two cases, and the parapharynx in one case. Each case was assessed for TNM staging, perioperative complications, status of the resection margins, tumor recurrence, and the aesthetic and functional results of the lower lip. Results. All the tumors were safely removed by means of our modified non,lip-splitting mandibulotomy approach through the combined intraoral and transcervical routes with adequate resection margins. There were no troublesome difficulties in reconstruction of the surgical defects with various major flaps. The cosmetic results were excellent with intact lip function. Conclusion. We believe this new modified non,lip-splitting mandibulotomy approach could replace the conventional mandibulotomy approach for some selected malignant lesions, with excellent cosmetic and functional results of the lower lip. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2006 [source]

Obesity: the science behind the management

INTERNAL MEDICINE JOURNAL, Issue 5-6 2002
K. Steinbeck
Abstract The prevalence of obesity is increasing in Western and Westernizing countries. The changing environment plays a major role in this increase, particularly the reduction in physical activity. There is also a strong genetic contribution to the development of obesity, although single-gene defect obesity is rare. Neither the environment nor genes is simple to modify. Obesity is an energy-balance disorder, and the human body has evolved to resist any loss of body fat. This biological drive to maintain weight is coordinated through central pathways, with the involvement of many neuropeptides. Thus, dietary restriction will induce changes designed to counter weight loss, including a fall in resting metabolic rate. The management of obesity demands reasonable goals, which focus on metabolic, rather than cosmetic, improvement. As obesity is a complex condition, multiple therapeutic strategies are required. Dietary modification, an increase in physical activity, a reduction in sedentary activity and behaviour modification all form the basis of obesity therapy. Drug therapy options at present are limited and may have a stronger role in weight maintenance. Currently, surgical management of obesity has the best long-term outcomes. Long-term maintenance of weight loss is achieved by few individuals. Those individuals who are successful are able to maintain long-term restrictive eating habits and high levels of physical activity. (Intern Med J 2002; 32: 237,241) [source]

mTHPC-mediated photodynamic therapy for early oral squamous cell carcinoma

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 1 2004
Colin Hopper
Abstract Surgery and radiotherapy are standard treatments for early oral squamous cell carcinoma, both resulting in good tumour control. However, neither of these modalities is without consequent functional or cosmetic impairment, and there are patients in whom both are contraindicated. Furthermore, there is a significant risk of metachronous tumours developing in the oral cavity, and salvage or retreatment with either surgery or radiotherapy poses difficulties. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) offers the potential for improved functional and cosmetic outcomes, while achieving comparable tumour control. We conducted an open-label, multicentre study to assess the efficacy and safety of meta-tetrahydroxyphenylchlorin (mTHPC) in patients with early oral cancer. One hundred twenty-one patients received intravenously administered mTHPC, followed 96 hr later by illumination of the tumour surface with 652 nm laser light. Of these patients, 114 were protocol compliant. A complete tumour response was achieved in 85% of protocol-compliant patients (97 of 114 patients). A complete response was maintained in 85% of responders at 1 year and in 77% at 2 years. One- and 2-year actuarial survival rates were 89% and 75%, respectively. In the opinion of the investigators, tumour clearance was accompanied by excellent cosmetic and functional results, without impact on the patients' performance status. Mild-to-moderate pain at the treatment site, a recognised side effect of PDT in the oral cavity, was reported by 82% of patients but was manageable with appropriate analgesia. Mild-to-moderate skin photosensitivity reactions were reported for 13% of patients. mTHPC offers an effective alternative treatment for early oral squamous cell carcinoma. It is associated with excellent functional and cosmetic results and can be used in conjunction with other standard therapies. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

The riddle of genuine skin microrelief and wrinkles

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE, Issue 6 2006
P. Quatresooz
Synopsis Wrinkles result from distinct structural changes occurring in specific parts of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. There is a need for evidenced-based cosmetology identifying and quantifying the different aspects of wrinkling. Histology allows to detect specific changes associated with particular types of wrinkles. Four main types of wrinkles can thus be recognized, including the atrophic crinkling rhytids, the permanent elastotic creases, the dynamic expression lines, and the gravitational folds. Each type usually develops on specific skin regions exhibiting distinct microanatomical characteristics. Whereas skin microrelief, expression lines and skin folds appear clearly marked at the histological level, only little dermal changes are identified under other reducible or permanent wrinkles compared with the skin immediately adjacent to them. Distinguishing different types of wrinkles brings more precision to the clinical practice. This is of importance because the different types of wrinkles respond differently to cosmetic, dermatological and surgical treatments. Résumé Les rides résultent de modifications distinctes de la structure de portions spécifiques du derme et du tissu sous-cutané. Il y a un besoin à développer encore la cosmétologie factuelle identifiant et quantifiant les différents aspects des rides. L'histologie permet de détecter des aspects spécifiques à chaque type de rides. Quatre types principaux peuvent être reconnus incluant les fines rhytides atrophiques, les rides élastosiques permanents, les rides d'expression dynamiques et les plis gravitationnels. Chaque type de ride a une propension à se développer sur des régions cutanées spécifiques caractéristiques par leur microanatomie. Alors que le microrelief cutané, les rides d'expression et les plis cutanés sont nettement visibles sous le microscope, peu d'altérations dermiques sont identifiées sous les autres rides réductibles ou permanentes. La distinction entre les différents types de rides apporte plus de précision à la pratique clinique. Ceci est important parce que les différentes rides répondent de manière distincte aux traitements cosmétiques, dermatologiques et chirurgicaux. [source]

A very promising new glucolipidic surfactant: LipowheatTM

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE, Issue 6 2005
A. Djedour
Synopsis LipowheatTM is an entirely biodegradable 100% natural active ingredient, extracted from non-transgenic wheat. Thanks to its very interesting properties, it can integrate the composition of most cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. The aim of this work was first to realize a large range of stable simple or multiple emulsions, in order to determine and evaluate the ability of a new glucolipidic surfactant LipowheatTM to form and stabilize emulsions. The rheological properties of these emulsions were tested during a 30-day storage period at three different storage conditions (cold, room temperature and at 40°C). In addition to dynamic and static rheological tests, droplet size distribution of the cream was also determined. Furthermore, a stable simple emulsion was selected to realize percutaneous absorption and evaluate the properties of LipowheatTM. Résumé Ce travail a pour objectif de mettre à jour et d'évaluer les propriètés émulsionnantes d'un nouveau tensioactif de nature glucolipidique, connu jusqu'alors pour ses propriétés actives en cosmétologie: le LipowheatTM. Cette étude comporte plusieurs parties distinctes: 1) Formulation d'émulsions simples L/H et/ou H/L et multiples H/L/H stabilisèes par du LipowheatTM, avec des huiles variant par leur origine (naturelle ou synthétique) ainsi que par leur polarité. 2) Caractérisation rhéologique, granulométrique, et conductimétrique de ces émulsions après les avoir soumises pendant 30 jours à des conditions de vieillissement accéléré (conservation à température ambiante, à +4°C et +40°C) et ce, afin d'en retenir les plus stables pour la suite de l'étude. 3) Enfin, dans une dernière phase, les propriètés de ces crèmes dans le domaine de la libération dermopharmaceutique seront évaluées lors d'études in vitro. [source]

Simultaneous determination of chlorinated bacteriostats in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE, Issue 6 2005
L.-H. Wang
A high-performance liquid chromatography method has been developed for simultaneous determination of triclosan (2,4,4-trichloro-2-hydroxydiphenyl ether) and triclocarban (3,4,4-trichlorocarbanilide) in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. The two compounds could be separated on a Nucleosil C18 column and eluted with acetonitrile and water (70:30, v/v) as the mobile phase and detected with a differential refractive index detector. The retention times of triclosan and triclocarban were 5.81 and 2.99 min, respectively. The results obtained were in good agreement with those obtained by a differential pulse voltammetric method. [source]

Aroma, touch and well-being: following the mind to wellness

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE, Issue 3 2004
J. C. Brahms
Fragrances have been used since ancient times to deliver a variety of benefits. The term aromatherapy was first coined in the 1920s by a French chemist named Rene-Maurice Gattefossé, referring specifically to the use of natural fragrance essential oils to treat injury and disease. More recently, the discovery that touch is an important part of healthy human development has led to a greater understanding of its role as an essential part of maintaining wellness. With the growing mainstream acceptance of holistic health care, herbal remedies and nutraceuticals, aromatherapy has become much more broadly defined to include benefits which are strictly cosmetic in nature. Today, a variety of products ranging from candles to dish-washing liquids are marketed with ,aromatherapy' benefits. Although there is no legal definition of aromatherapy in the U.S.A., specific claims can affect whether a product is considered a cosmetic or a pharmaceutical. Outside of the U.S.A., the term aromatherapy itself has very specific connotations which can affect the regulatory status of potential product introductions. In recent years, a number of new tools such as psychophysical measures and brain imaging techniques have greatly enhanced our knowledge of how touch and aromas are interpreted by the mind and body. This symposium will review the current state of our understanding in this area with the objective of providing a clearer understanding of the sometimes subtle differences of the role of fragrance and touch in maintaining well-being and enhancing personal attractiveness vs. those which are pharmacological in nature. [source]

Formulation and development of a patch containing tamarind fruit extract by using the blended chitosan,starch as a rate-controlling matrix

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE, Issue 3 2003
J. Viyoch
Synopsis A cosmetic patch containing tamarind fruit extract was formulated and developed by blending two types of natural polymers: chitosan with molecular weight of 100 000 and starch such as corn, potato or tapioca starch. The physicochemical characteristics, i.e. flexibility, colour, transparency, integrity, gloss, water sorption and bioadhesion property and the stability of the patch without tamarind content were investigated. Stability test was performed by keeping the prepared patches at 4 °C, at room temperature or at 45 °C for 2 weeks. The results showed that the formulations composed of chitosan:corn starch ratio of 4.5 : 0.5 (CC4.5 : 0.5) and chitosan:tapioca starch ratios of 4.5 : 0.5 (CT4.5 : 0.5) and 4.0 : 1.0 (CT4 : 1) provide patches with favourable physical characteristics, high water sorption, good bioadhesion ability and good stability. After the lyophilized tamarind extract in an amount corresponding to 5% of tartaric acid was incorporated into the formulations of CC4.5 : 0.5, CT4.5 : 0.5 and CT4 : 1, the ability of the patches to adhere to skin was improved. However, after keeping the test patches at room temperature or at 45 °C for 6 weeks, their colours were intensified while their flexibilities and skin adhesion properties decreased. A 12-h in vitro permeation was investigated by studying the cumulative amount of tartaric acid permeated through the Silastic® membrane (Dow-Coming, Midland, MI, USA). The CC4.5 : 0.5 patch tended to give the highest amount of tartaric acid released. The release pattern of all the blended polymeric matrices was exhibited in two distinct phases: the rapid phase, where the flux averaged 3.61 µg min,1 mm,2; and the slow phase, where the flux averaged 1.89 µg min,1 mm,2. Résumé Un patch cosmétique contenant un extrait de fruit de Tamarin a été formulé et développé en mélangeant deux types de polymères naturels, le chitosan d'un poids moléculaire de 100 000 et d'amidon de maïs, de pomme de terre ou d'amidon de tapioca. Les caractéristiques physico chimiques, i.e. de flexibilité, couleur, transparence, intégrité, brillance, pouvoir de sorption de l'eau, la propriété de bio adhésion et la stabilité des patchs sans tamarin ont été déterminées. Le test de stabilité A été effectué en gardant les patchs préparés à 4 °C, température ambiante ou 45 °C pendant 2 semaines. Les résultats montrent que la formulation composée de chitosan:amidon de maïs au taux relatif de 4.5 : 0.5 (CC4.5 : 0.5), de chitosan:amidon de tapioca aux taux relatifs de 4.5 : 0.5 (CT4.5 : 0.5) et de 4.0 : 1.0 (CT4 : 1) conduit aux propriétés physiques les plus favorables, haute sorption d'eau, bonnes capacité de bio adhésion et stabilité. Après que l'extrait lyophilisé de tamarin ait été incorporé au taux correspondant à 5% d'acide tartrique dans les formulations CC4.5 : 0.5, CT4.5 : 0.5 et CT4 : 1, la capacité des patchs à adhérer à la peau a été améliorée. Cependant, la conservation des patchs à température ambiante et à 45 °C pendant 6 semaines conduisait à une intensification de leurs couleurs tandis que leur propriété d'adhésion diminuait. La perméation in vitro sur 12 heures a étéétudiée en suivant le taux cumulé d'acide tartrique passant à travers la membrane de Silastic®. Le CC4.5 : 0.5 tendait à donner le taux le plus élevé d'acide tartrique re largué. Le profil de relarguage de toutes les matrices de polymères montrait deux phases distinctes, l'une, rapide au flux moyen de 3.61 µg min,1 mm,2 et une, plus lente, de flux moyen 1.89 µg min,1 mm,2. [source]

Green chemistry procedure for the synthesis of cyclic ketals from 2-adamantanone as potential cosmetic odourants

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE, Issue 5 2002
M. T. Genta
Synopsis Some cyclic ketals derived from 2-adamantanone were obtained in excellent yields by microwave activation under solvent-free conditions, as a ,green chemistry' procedure. A number of experiments were performed to evaluate the most efficient catalytic conditions. The best results were obtained using a simple heterogeneous mixture of reagents and p -toluenesulphonic acid as the catalyst, without any solvent or support. The data are reported and compared with those obtained by other microwave-mediated syntheses or by classical method. In order to check the possible intervention of non-thermal microwave effects, the best experiment in ,dry media' was carried out with considerable lower yield by conventional heating, in a thermostated oil bath, under the same conditions as under microwaves (time, temperature and vessel). All the synthesized compounds were tested for their olfactive character and for a potential cosmetic use. The odour evaluation is reported. Résumé Des acétals cycliques dérivés de la 2-adamantanone ont été obtenus sous irradiation microonde sans solvant avec d'excellents rendements selon un procédé de ,chimie verte'. Un certain nombre d'experiences ont été réalisées pour optimiser les conditions de réaction. Les résultats obtenus par simple mélange hétérogène des réactifs et de l'acide p -toluènesulphonique 10% (p/p) comme catalyseur ont été décrits et comparés avec ceux obtenus avec les autres procédés, sous irradiation microonde ou par chauffage traditionnel. Dans le but de mettre en évidence l'éventuelle intervention d'effets spécifiques (non-purement thermiques) des microondes, la meilleure réaction obtenue en ,milieu sec' a été effectuée, avec des rendements nettement plus faibles, dans les mêmes conditions (temps et température), par chauffage classique. Les propriétés olfactives de tous les produits obtenus ont été déterminées pour évaluer une possible utilization cosmétique. [source]

Global classification of human facial healthy skin using PLS discriminant analysis and clustering analysis

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE, Issue 2 2001
C Guinot
Synopsis Today's classifications of healthy skin are predominantly based on a very limited number of skin characteristics, such as skin oiliness or susceptibility to sun exposure. The aim of the present analysis was to set up a global classification of healthy facial skin, using mathematical models. This classification is based on clinical, biophysical skin characteristics and self-reported information related to the skin, as well as the results of a theoretical skin classification assessed separately for the frontal and the malar zones of the face. In order to maximize the predictive power of the models with a minimum of variables, the Partial Least Square (PLS) discriminant analysis method was used. The resulting PLS components were subjected to clustering analyses to identify the plausible number of clusters and to group the individuals according to their proximities. Using this approach, four PLS components could be constructed and six clusters were found relevant. So, from the 36 hypothetical combinations of the theoretical skin types classification, we tended to a strengthened six classes proposal. Our data suggest that the association of the PLS discriminant analysis and the clustering methods leads to a valid and simple way to classify healthy human skin and represents a potentially useful tool for cosmetic and dermatological research. Résumé Les classifications actuelles qui définissent une peau saine sont fondées principalement sur un nombre très limité de caractéristiques cutanées telles que l'aspect gras de la peau ou sa sensibilité au soleil. Cette analyse a pour but d'établir une classification globale de la peau humaine saine du visage à l'aide de modèles mathématiques. Une recherche de typologie a été effectuée à partir des caractéristiques cliniques et biophysiques de la peau du visage des individus tout en tenant compte d'une classification théorique, reflet de l'expertise des dermatologues, appréciée sur les zones frontale et malaire du visage. Pour accroître l'efficacité prédictive des modèles avec un minimum de variables, la méthode d'analyse discriminante PLS (Partial Least Square) a été utilisée. Des méthodes de classification ont été appliquées aux composantes PLS obtenues afin de déterminer le nombre le plus vraisemblable de classes et pour regrouper les sujets selon leurs proximités. Grâce à cette approche, quatre composantes PLS ont pu être construites et six classes se sont avérées pertinentes. Ce travail a abouti à une proposition de classification à six classes plus vraisemblable et acceptable que les 36 combinaisons possibles de la classification théorique proposée. Nos données suggèrent que l'association de l'analyse discriminante PLS aux méthodes de classification permet d'obtenir de façon simple et appropriée une classification de la peau humaine saine et représente un outil potentiel utile dans le domaine de la recherche en cosmétologie et en dermatologie. [source]

The purse-string suture revisited: a useful technique for the closure of cutaneous surgical wounds

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 4 2007
Philip R. Cohen MD
The purse-string suture provides complete or partial closure of round postoperative skin defects. It is a rapid and simple procedure to perform. Tension placed on the suture uniformly advances the skin from the entire periphery of the wound, resulting in a significant reduction of the defect size and enhancement of hemostasis at the wound edge. The history, modifications of the technique, advantages, and potential complications of the purse-string suture are reviewed. It is not only useful following the removal of nonmelanoma skin cancer but also after the local excision of melanoma. In addition, this technique is especially suitable for the repair of round surgical wounds for patients who are unable to modify their active lifestyles during the week following surgery, individuals concurrently being treated with anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents or both, and people with extensive postoperative defects that would otherwise require either a skin graft or a large cutaneous flap. Typically, the site of the surgical wound following partial or complete closure with the purse-string suture demonstrates excellent long-term cosmetic and functional results. [source]

Hypospadias repair: an overview

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UROLOGICAL NURSING, Issue 1 2010
Michael Pfeil
Hypospadias is a birth defect in boys where the meatus is not placed at the tip of the glans of the penis. This article reviews the rapidly developing international literature surrounding hypospadias and hypospadias repairs paying specific attention to important aspects of nursing care, including preparing for surgery, use of dressings, stents and catheters as well as medication. It concludes by considering the long-term impact of hypospadias and its surgical correction on the patient's life. Hypospadias is treated surgically, normally during the second 6 months of the boy's life. Hospitalization periods vary from day case surgery to several days. The success of the hypospadias repair can be measured according to functional results and cosmetic appearance of the penis. The post-operative use of dressings as well as urinary catheters or stents is common but not uniform. Complication rates for hypospadias surgery vary from below 10% in boys with distal hypospadias to above 50% in children with a proximal meatus. The most common complications are urethral fistulas, strictures and stenoses. The continuing efforts by paediatric urologists focus on further optimizing the cosmetic and functional results. [source]