			Home About us Contact

Cognitive Syndromes (cognitive + syndrome)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	83%

Selected Abstracts

COGNITIVE SYNDROME OF THE THALAMUS: A MISLEADING DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

JOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 10 2008
Emilie Beaufils MD
No abstract is available for this article. [source]

Vascular cognitive syndromes: relation to stroke etiology and topography

ACTA NEUROLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 3 2009
M. Hoffmann
Background,,, Cognitive syndromes (CS) after stroke may be important to measure and monitor for management and emerging therapies. Aim,,, To describe the spectrum and frequency of CSs in the first month after stroke and to relate these to stroke etiology and topopgraphy. Methods,,, A validated cognitive examination was administered during the first month of stroke presentation and analyzed according to five large-scale networks for cognition and correlated with neuropsychological tests. A multivariate analysis was performed to determine association of CSs with etiology (TOAST classification), topography and neurological deficit by National Institute of Health Stroke Score (NIHSS). Results,,, Of a total of 2105 patients, one or more patients with CS was present in 1569/1796 (87%) stroke patients vs 112/309 (36%, P , 0.001) transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients. The frequency of frontal network syndromes (FNS) was 908/1796 (51%), left hemisphere network (LH) syndromes 646/1796 (36%), right hemisphere (RH) network syndromes 275/1796 (15.3%), occipitotemporal network (OT) syndromes 107/1796 (6%), hippocampal limbic (HL) network syndromes 397/1796 (22%) and miscellaneous (M) syndromes 481/1796 (27%). Stroke etiology and their signature CS by multivariate analyses revealed significant associations for LH with cardioembolism (OR 1.61, P = 0.0029), FNS and ,other' etiology (OR 1.96, P , 0.0001) and HL also for ,other' etiology (OR 1.57, P = 0.0026). Coma (OR 2.95, P , 0.0001) and encephalopathy (OR 2.82, P , 0.0001) were both associated significantly with hemorrhage. A left hemisphere lesion was associated with LH CSs (OR 9.26, P , 0.0001). An FNS was associated with frontal lesions (OR 5.19, <0.0001) as well as subcortical lesions (OR 1.91, P , 0.0001). The M group of CS was associated with subtentorial (OR 1.86, P = 0.0283) and right hemisphere lesions (OR 2.47, P , 0.0001). The LH and RH syndromes had the highest NIHSS and differed significantly from all others. Conclusions,,, (1) CSs are present in the vast majority of stroke patients. (2) Particular stroke etiological subtypes are associated with specific CS. (3) Certain signature CS results from lesions that relate to the major anatomical cognitive networks. [source]

Comprehensive cognitive neurological assessment in stroke

ACTA NEUROLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 3 2009
M. Hoffmann
Background,,, Cognitive syndromes (CS) after stroke may be important to measure and monitor for management and emerging therapies. Aim,,, To incorporate known behavioral neurological and neuropsychiatric syndromes into a bedside cognitive assessment in patients with stroke. Methods,,, A validated cognitive examination (comprehensive cognitive neurological test in stroke, Coconuts) was administered during the first month of stroke presentation and analyzed according to five large-scale networks for cognition and correlated with neuropsychological tests. Validity testing of the test was performed for overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value to stroke in comparison with MRI diagnosis of stroke as well as discriminant validity, construct validity and inter-rater reliability. Results,,, Overall the sensitivity of the Coconuts scale was 91% and specificity 35%, PPV 88% and NPV 41% vs stroke lesions using MRI. Cognitive syndrome frequencies: frontal network syndrome frequency was 908/1796 (51%), left hemisphere network syndrome frequency was 646/1796 (36%), right hemisphere network included 275/1796 (15.3%), occipitotemporal network for complex visual processing 107/1796 (6%), the hippocampal limbic network for amnesias and emotional disorders 397/1796 (22%) and miscellaneous network syndromes 481/1796 (27%). Conclusion,,, The Coconuts is a valid and practical test of a comprehensive array of known behavioral neurological and neuropsychiatric syndromes in patients with stroke. [source]

Striatal infarcts mimicking frontotemporal dementia: a case report

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 4 2003
Y. Nishio
We described a patient with bilateral striatal infarcts, in whom stereotyped and disinhibited behaviors were insidiously emerged over 2 years mimicking frontotemporal dementia (FTD). A positron emission tomography with 18-fluorodeoxy glucose showed a hypometabolism in the frontal lobes, basal ganglia, and thalami. The peculiar behavioral alterations remained unchanged for the following 7 years, suggesting that the disease is not degenerative but of vascular origin. A disruption of the fronto-subcortical circuits at the level of the striatum or the anterior thalamic peduncle is attributable to the FTD-like behavioral and cognitive syndrome. [source]

Electrophysiological correlates of response inhibition in children and adolescents with ADHD: Influence of gender, age, and previous treatment history

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY, Issue 6 2007
Mario Liotti
Abstract Deficits in response inhibition may be at the core of the cognitive syndrome in ADHD. Here, inhibitory control mechanisms were studied in 36 ADHD-combined type and 30 healthy children by exploring the event-related brain activity during the Stop Signal task. The influence of age, gender, and previous treatment history was evaluated. The ADHD group showed reduced N200 wave amplitudes. For successful inhibitions, the N200 reduction was greatest over right inferior frontal scalp, and only the control group showed a success-related enhancement of such right frontal N200. Source analysis identified a source of the N200 group effect in right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Finally, a late positive wave to failed inhibitions was selectively reduced only in treatment-naïve ADHD children, suggesting that chronic stimulants may normalize late conscious error recognition. Both effects were independent of gender and age. [source]