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Cognitive Interventions (cognitive + intervention)
Selected AbstractsA randomized, two-year study of the efficacy of cognitive intervention on elderly people: the Donostia Longitudinal StudyINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY, Issue 1 2008Cristina Buiza Abstract Background Research on non-pharmacological therapies (cognitive rehabilitation) in old age has been very limited, and most has not considered the effect of interventions of this type over extended periods of time. Objective To investigate a new cognitive therapy in a randomized study with elderly people who did not suffer cognitive impairment. Methods The efficacy of this therapy was evaluated by means of post-hoc analysis of 238 people using biomedical, cognitive, behavioural, quality of life (QoL), subjective memory, and affective assessments. Results Scores for learning potential and different types of memory (working memory, immediate memory, logic memory) for the treatment group improved significantly relative to the untreated controls. Conclusions The most significant finding in this study was that learning potential continued at enhanced levels in trained subjects over an intervention period lasting two years, thereby increasing rehabilitation potential and contributing to successful ageing. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Changing negative attitudes towards persons with physical disabilities: an experimental interventionJOURNAL OF COMMUNITY & APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 1 2006Barbara Krahé Abstract An experimental study was designed and tested to change negative attitudes towards the physically disabled. A pre-post-test intervention was conducted including three conditions: (a) cognitive intervention; (b) cognitive and behavioural intervention involving equal-status contact with the target group; (c) no-intervention control. The sample consisted of 70 ninth grade students. Following baseline assessments of attitudes, attitude change was measured immediately following the intervention and at a follow-up three months post-intervention. The cognitive intervention provided information about physical disability and challenged stereotypic conceptions about the physically disabled. The behavioural intervention consisted of engaging in three paralympic disciplines under the instruction of a group of disabled athletes. The cognitive intervention alone did not result in significant changes in attitudes towards the physically disabled. However, the combined cognitive-behavioural intervention resulted in greater attitude change than the no-intervention condition, both immediately post-intervention and at a three months follow-up. The findings are discussed with regard to models of attitude change through equal-status contact. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Efficacy of Cognitive Nursing Intervention for Voice HearingPERSPECTIVES IN PSYCHIATRIC CARE, Issue 2 2007Margaret England PhD PROBLEM.,Many individuals who hear negative voices are troubled by their voices even when they adhere to prescribed neuroleptic medication regimens. At the same time, recent clinical trials provide evidence that structured, cognitive intervention can reduce distress tied to refractory auditory hallucinations and other psychiatric symptoms. PURPOSE.,The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to determine whether usual care (UC), or usual care plus 12, 90-min episodes of cognitive nursing intervention (UC + CNI) led to sustained improvement in the psychiatric symptoms and self-esteem of 65 voice hearers assigned a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS.,Analysis of covariance with repeated measures procedures indicate that the 44 participants exposed to UC + CNI, were significantly more likely than the 21 participants exposed to UC only, to sustain significant improvement in psychiatric symptoms and self-esteem 1 year following treatment. IMPLICATIONS.,These findings provide encouragement for nurses to further develop and investigate cognitive strategies to treat psychiatric symptoms of voice hearers. [source] Specificity of cognitive distortions to antisocial behavioursCRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR AND MENTAL HEALTH, Issue 2 2008Alvaro Q. Barriga Introduction/Background,Cognitive distortions have long been posited to facilitate antisocial behaviours, but the specificity of such distortions has rarely been studied. Aims,To replicate findings of specificity between particular cognitions and externalizing or internalizing behaviours; to test for specificity of relationship between particular cognitions and different types of externalizing behaviours. Methods,The participants were 239 male youths aged 10 to 19 years (mean (M) = 14.22, standard deviation (SD) = 1.64) from schools on the island of Curaçao. Their cognitive distortions and problem behaviours were investigated through self-report. Results,In controlled analyses, self-serving cognitive distortions were associated with externalizing behaviours whereas self-debasing cognitive distortions were associated with internalizing behaviours. Within the externalizing domain, self-serving distortions with overt behavioural referents were linked to aggressive behaviour while self-serving distortions with covert behavioural referents were linked to delinquent behaviour. Within the aggression domain, distortions with opposition-defiance referents related to verbal aggression whereas distortions with physical aggression referents related to physically aggressive behaviour. Conclusions and implications for practice,The degree of cognitive-behavioural specificity documented by this study was remarkable. The observed pattern suggests that cognitive interventions designed for externalizing versus internalizing behaviours should differ in therapeutic approach. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Assessment of the Component Skills for Cognitive Therapy in Adults with Intellectual DisabilityJOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES, Issue 1 2006Theresa Joyce Background, This study examines the extent to which a random sample of adults with intellectual disabilities possess the component skills necessary to undergo cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT). Method, Seventy-two individuals underwent a range of assessments, including measures of language ability, ability to identify and to label emotions, ability to link events and emotions and a cognitive mediation task. The method broadly replicated a previous study undertaken by Dagnan et al. [Cognitive Therapy and Research (2000) vol. 24, pp. 627,636]. Results, Results showed significant relationships between language ability and ability to recognize and label emotions, ability to link events and emotions and pass the cognitive mediation tasks. The majority of the participants were unable to pass the tasks linking emotions and events and the cognitive mediation tasks. They also demonstrated a limited emotional vocabulary. The findings were similar to those of Dagnan et al. (2000). Conclusions, It is possible to assess some of the component skills necessary for undergoing CBT. People with intellectual disabilities will need support from therapists to teach the skills necessary to undertake cognitive interventions, and a ,step-wise' approach to assessment will enable such support to be appropriately targeted to individual need. [source] Occupational therapists use of cognitive interventions for clients with Alzheimer's diseaseOCCUPATIONAL THERAPY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 1 2010Alexandra Robert Abstract The aim of this study was to establish a profile of occupational therapy practice for cognitive interventions for clients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in an urban setting. Seventy-four occupational therapists working with older adults with AD in diverse settings in the city of Montreal were randomly selected and were sent a self-administered questionnaire by mail. Sixty-five (87.8%) therapists responded. Findings indicated that 52.3% of occupational therapists are performing cognitive interventions with persons with AD. Of those, 82.4% report using cognitive rehabilitation, 61.8% using cognitive stimulation and 50.0% using cognitive training. Intervention use varied across settings and differed according to severity of AD. The sessions are usually provided individually and often include the client's caregiver. Generalizability of the results is limited to urban areas, and possible differences in service provision should be taken into consideration. Further research is needed to measure the effectiveness of these interventions provided by occupational therapists and to compare occupational therapy practices in urban and rural areas. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Cognitive therapy with people with intellectual disabilities: a selective review and critiqueCLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY (AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THEORY & PRACTICE), Issue 4 2004Peter Sturmey The literature on cognitive therapy with people with intellectual disabilities was selectively reviewed, including application to problems such as anger management, depression and offending. The literature on anger management showed the most promise. The literature on depression was weak. Research on offenders was promising, but no controlled trials were found. Much of the literature incorrectly identified behavioral interventions as cognitive interventions. Many interventions, such as anger management, were in fact packages that included many behavioral interventions, such as relaxation and social skills training, alongside cognitive methods, such as cognitive restructuring. Hence, evaluations of anger management packages can not tell us anything about the effectiveness of cognitive therapy, since cognitive therapy is confounded with behavior therapy. Future directions for research include well controlled experimental trials to evaluate the effectiveness of these packages and the contribution of cognitive therapy to treatment outcome.,Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | |||||||||||||