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Cognitive Complications (cognitive + complications)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Medical Sciences50%

Selected Abstracts

Cognitive complications moderate the speed-accuracy tradeoff in data entry: a cognitive antidote to inhibition

APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 7 2008
James A. Kole
Three experiments explored a speed-accuracy tradeoff reflecting decreasing response times (RTs) and increasing errors across trials in a data entry task. In Experiment 1, cognitive and motoric stressors were independently added to data entry, with the combination of stressors yielding the greatest decline in accuracy across blocks. Experiment 2 compared mental multiplication and simple data entry and manipulated the provision of feedback. Accuracy improved with both mental multiplication and feedback. Experiment 3 varied only the concluding keystroke; this extra requirement led to overall improvements in accuracy. In each experiment, RTs improved across trials. These results suggest that cognitive complications can serve as antidotes to inhibitory effects and can overcome the decline in accuracy due to continuous work on data entry. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Improvement of Outcomes after Coronary Artery Bypass II: A Randomized Trial Comparing Intraoperative High Versus Customized Mean Arterial Pressure

JOURNAL OF CARDIAC SURGERY, Issue 6 2007
Mary E. Charlson M.D.
Methods: Patients scheduled to undergo primary elective CABG were eligible. In one group, mean arterial pressure target during CPB was 80 mmHg ("high" MAP group); in the other group, MAP target was determined by patients' pre-bypass MAP ("custom" MAP group). The principal outcomes were mortality, major neurologic or cardiac complications, cognitive complications or deterioration in functional status. Results: Of 412 enrolled patients, 36% were women, with overall mean age of 64.7 ± 12.3 years. Duration of bypass was identical for the two randomization groups. Overall complication rates were similar: 16.5% of the high group and 14.6% of the custom group experienced one or more neurologic, cardiac or cognitive complications. When only cardiac and neurologic morbidity and mortality were considered, the rates were 11.7% and 12.6%, in the high and custom groups, respectively. The aggregate outcome rate, including functional deterioration, was 31.6% in the high group and 29.6% in the custom group. Conclusions: There were no statistically significant differences between the high MAP group and the custom MAP group for the combined outcome of mortality cardiac, neurologic or cognitive complications, and deterioration in the quality of life. [source]

Cognitive complications moderate the speed-accuracy tradeoff in data entry: a cognitive antidote to inhibition

APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 7 2008
James A. Kole
Three experiments explored a speed-accuracy tradeoff reflecting decreasing response times (RTs) and increasing errors across trials in a data entry task. In Experiment 1, cognitive and motoric stressors were independently added to data entry, with the combination of stressors yielding the greatest decline in accuracy across blocks. Experiment 2 compared mental multiplication and simple data entry and manipulated the provision of feedback. Accuracy improved with both mental multiplication and feedback. Experiment 3 varied only the concluding keystroke; this extra requirement led to overall improvements in accuracy. In each experiment, RTs improved across trials. These results suggest that cognitive complications can serve as antidotes to inhibitory effects and can overcome the decline in accuracy due to continuous work on data entry. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

The influence of cognitive impairment on health-related quality of life in neurological disease

ACTA NEUROPSYCHIATRICA, Issue 1 2010
Alex J. Mitchell
Mitchell AJ, Kemp S, Benito-León J, Reuber M. The influence of cognitive impairment on health-related quality of life in neurological disease. Background: Cognitive impairment is the most consistent neurological complication of acquired and degenerative brain disorders. Historically, most focus was on dementia but now has been broadened to include the important construct of mild cognitive impairment. Methods: Systematic search and review of articles linked quality of life (QoL) and cognitive complications of neurological disorders. We excluded QoL in dementia. Results: Our search identified 249 publications. Most research examined patients with brain tumours, stroke, epilepsy, head injury, Huntington's disease, motor neuron disease, multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease. Results suggested that the majority of patients with epilepsy, motor neuron disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, stroke and head injury have subtle cognitive deficits early in their disease course. These cognitive complaints are often overlooked by clinicians. In many cases, the cognitive impairment is progressive but it can also be relapsing-remitting and in some cases reversible. Despite the importance of severe cognitive impairment in the form of dementia, there is now increasing recognition of a broad spectrum of impairment, including those with subclinical or mild cognitive impairment. Even mild cognitive difficulties can have functional and psychiatric consequences,especially when they are persistent and untreated. Specific cognitive deficits such an inattention, dysexecutive function and processing speed may affect a number of quality of life (QoL) domains. For example, cognitive impairment influences return to work, interpersonal relationships and leisure activities. In addition, fear of future cognitive decline may also impact upon QoL. Conclusions: We recommend further development of simple tools to screen for cognitive impairments in each neurological condition. We also recommend that a thorough cognitive assessment should be a part of routine clinical practice in those caring for individuals with neurological disorders. [source]