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Clear Cell Carcinoma (clear + cell_carcinoma)
Selected AbstractsIntraoperative cytology of clear cell carcinoma of the ovaryCYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 6 2006D. Vrdoljak-Mozeti Objective:, To describe the cytomorphology of clear cell carcinoma (CCC) of the ovary in intraoperative samples of peritoneal fluid, imprint and scraping samples of the tumour tissue. Study design:, Fourteen histologically confirmed cases, stained by standard cytological procedures, were analysed by light microscopy. Results:, In 33.3% of peritoneal fluid samples and 92.9% of imprint and scraping cytological samples, besides variable clear cell cellular morphology, one or both distinct cytological characteristics were observed: eosinophilic, hyaline, extracellular, globular substance with or without formation of a ,raspberry' body and an eosinophilic, intracytoplasmic inclusions. These structures were clearly seen only in samples stained by May-Grünwald,Giemsa. Conclusion:, Using cytological analysis of imprint and scraping samples of ovarian tumours it is possible to make a precise intraoperative cytological diagnosis in most cases of CCC of the ovary. [source] Clinical outcome of surgical management for patients with renal cell carcinoma involving the inferior vena cavaINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UROLOGY, Issue 9 2007Tomoaki Terakawa Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome after surgical management of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) extending to the inferior vena cava (IVC). Methods: This study included a total of 55 patients (41 men and 14 women; mean age, 59.3 years) with RCC (39 right- and 16 left-sided tumors) involving the IVC, who underwent radical nephrectomy and tumor thrombectomy between 1983 and 2005 at a single institution in Japan. The level of thrombus was classified as follows: level I, infrahepatic; level II, intrahepatic; level III, suprahepatic; and level IV, extending to the atrium. Clinicopathological data from these patients were retrospectively reviewed to identify factors associated with survival. Results: There were 11 and 18 patients who were diagnosed as having lymph node and distant metastases, respectively. Twenty-two patients had tumor thrombus in level I, 20 in level II, 10 in level III, and 3 in level IV. Pathological examinations demonstrated that 34 and 21 patients had clear cell carcinoma and non-clear cell carcinoma, respectively, 42, 9 and 4 were pT3b, pT3c and pT4, respectively, and 6, 35 and 14 were Grades 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Cancer-specific 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates of these 55 patients were 74.5%, 51.4% and 30.3%, respectively. Among several factors examined, clinical stage (P = 0.047), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.016), histological subtype (P = 0.034) and tumor grade (P < 0.001) were significantly associated with cancer-specific survival by univariate analysis. Furthermore, multivariate analysis demonstrated clinical stage (P = 0.037) and tumor grade (P < 0.001) as independent predictors of cancer-specific survival irrespective of other significant factors identified by univariate analysis. Conclusions: In patients with RCC involving the IVC, biological aggressiveness characterized by tumor grade rather than tumor extension would have more potential prognostic importance; therefore, more intensive multimodal therapy should be considered in patients with high grade RCC with tumor thrombus extending into the IVC. [source] Renal cell carcinoma in dialysis patients: A single center experienceINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UROLOGY, Issue 8 2006YASUYUKI KOJIMA Aim: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a life-threatening complication of end-stage renal disease with an unclear pathogenesis. We evaluated RCC developing in patients undergoing dialysis. Methods: In 2624 patients undergoing hemodialysis or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis at our hospital between July 1993 and March 2004, we performed annual screening for RCC using abdominal computed tomography and ultrasonography. Patients diagnosed with RCC underwent radical nephrectomy as well as clinical and pathologic evaluation. Results: RCC was detected in 44 patients (1.68%; 31 males and 13 females). The age of RCC patients was 55.5 ± 11.1 years. Dialysis duration before RCC diagnosis was 11.2 ± 7.2 years. Most RCC were early stage and low stage by TNM classification, 43 patients had N0M0 RCC, whereas one had N1M0. Tumor size was 2.9 ± 1.9 cm. The predominant histological type of RCC was common or conventional cell-type carcinoma (clear cell carcinoma and granular cell carcinoma). Of patients, 5(11.4%) had bilateral RCC, and satellite tumor lesions in RCC were detected in 13 (29.5%). In 36 patients (81.8%) RCC was accompanied by acquired cystic disease of the kidney. These patients had longer dialysis durations (P = 0.01) and smaller tumors (P = 0.048). RCC metastasized postoperatively in 4 patients (9.1%), while one (2.3%) died of cancer. Conclusions: Our dialysis patients showed a higher incidence of RCC than the general population. Prognosis was favorable because tumors were detected by screening when they were small. Therefore, periodical screening for RCC seems very important in dialysis patients. [source] Spoke-wheel-like enhancement as an important imaging finding of chromophobe cell renal carcinoma: A retrospective analysis on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging studiesINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UROLOGY, Issue 10 2004TSUNENORI KONDO Abstract Aim:, Little information has been reported with regard to the radiological features of chromophobe cell renal carcinomas (CCRC). The aim of the present study was to identify imaging characteristics which lead to the histological diagnosis of CCRC. Methods:, The imaging findings of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were retrospectively analyzed in 11 patients with CCRC operated on at Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan. Results:, None of the factors studied were significant in distinguishing the two variants, typical and eosinophilic variants. Enhanced CT scans showed a spoke-wheel-like enhancement with a central scar in 3 patients (27%). The radiological patterns were classified into two groups. Seven patients (64%) showed pattern 1 in which: (i) a hypodense to isodense enhancement compared to the renal medulla in the corticomedullary phase during dynamic CT; (ii) an isodense mass compared to the renal medulla in unenhanced CT scan; and (iii) a lobulated appearance were typically observed. Four patients (36%) showed pattern 2 that seemed to be similar to the features of clear cell carcinoma, having an alveolar structure including a hyperdense enhancement in the corticomedullary phase and an inhomogeneous appearance. A spoke-wheel-like enhancement was observed only in patients with pattern 1, and was more clearly demonstrated in larger tumors. Conclusions:, The CT and MRI findings in CCRC patients were not uniform, but it was noted that a spoke-wheel-like enhancement with a central stellate scar, which might have been mistaken for oncocytoma, was one of important findings of CCRC. Tumors demonstrating a spoke-wheel-like enhancement with a central scar should be carefully managed, because they could be malignant. [source] Clinical features of renal cell carcinoma less than 25 millimeters in diameterINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UROLOGY, Issue 12 2002YOSHIAKI YAMADA Abstract Background: We retrospectively investigated the clinicopathological features and prognosis of patients who underwent surgical treatment at our department for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) less than 25 mm in diameter. Methods: Of the 158 patients who underwent surgical treatment between April 1975 and April 1998, 16 (17 kidney, 10.1%) were included in this study. The study included 11 men and 5 women (ratio: 2.2). The age range was 35,76 years (average: age 53). The right kidney was involved in 9, left kidney in 6 and bilateral kidneys in 1 patient. The follow-up period was 26,157 months (mean: 86 months). Results: Thirteen tumors (81.2%) were incidental carcinomas. No patients had a tumor of rapid growing type. Radical nephrectomy was performed for 12 kidneys (70.6%), simple nephrectomy for 2 (11.8%) and partial nephrectomy for 3 (17.8%). Seven patients (43.7%) received interferon-, as postoperative adjuvant therapy. All tumors were pathologically classified as expansive type; 11 (64.8%) as clear cell carcinoma; 3 (17.6%) cyst-associated, and 3 (17.6%) papillary. Nine (52.9%) tumors were grade 1, and 8 (47.1%) were grade 2. Fourteen patients were pNo and V(,). The 5- and 10-year survival rates were excellent (100%). Conclusion: The features of small RCCs less than 25 mm were as follows: many tumors were incidental to clear cell carcinomas; all tumors were low grade, low stage and expansive type; no tumors showed acute phase reactants; and few tumors were of the solid type. Thus, the prognosis seemed to be excellent. [source] Primary clear cell carcinoma of hilar bile duct: A case reportJOURNAL OF DIGESTIVE DISEASES, Issue 1 2010Lei GU No abstract is available for this article. [source] Relative frequency of intra-oral minor salivary gland tumors: a study of 380 cases from northern California and comparison to reports from other parts of the worldJOURNAL OF ORAL PATHOLOGY & MEDICINE, Issue 4 2007Amos Buchner Background:, The relative frequency of individual intra-oral minor salivary gland tumors (IMSGT) is not well documented in the literature. The aim of this study was to determine the relative frequency and distribution of IMSGT in an oral pathology biopsy service and to compare the data with similar studies from different parts of the world. Methods:, Files from the Pacific Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Laboratory of the University of the Pacific, San Francisco, California served as a source of material for this study. Files were systematically searched for all cases of IMSGT during a 20-year period. Tumors were classified according to the 2005 WHO classification of salivary gland tumors. Results:, IMSGT were identified in 380 (0.4%) cases of 92 860 accessed. This is the largest series of IMSGT from one source reported in recent years. Of the 380 tumors, 224 (59%) were benign and 156 (41%) were malignant. Of the benign tumors, pleomorphic adenoma (PA) was the most common (39.2%), followed by cystadenoma (6.3%), canalicular adenoma (6.1%), ductal papillomas (4.4%), basal cell adenoma (1.6%), and myoepithelioma (1.3%). Of the malignant tumors, mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most common (21.8%), followed by polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (7.1%), adenoid cystic carcinoma (6.3%), adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified (NOS; 2.1%), acinic cell carcinoma (1.6%), clear cell carcinoma, NOS (1.0%), and carcinoma ex PA (0.5%). Conclusions:, Studies related to the relative frequency of individual IMSGTs from different parts of the world are difficult to compare because many studies are outdated, the number of cases is small, the list of tumors is limited, and new entities are not included. To determine the true relative frequency, more studies should be conducted, on a large number of cases from one source, by experienced pathologists in the field of salivary gland tumors. [source] Advanced-stage renal cell carcinoma treated by radical nephrectomy and adjacent organ or structure resectionBJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 2 2009Michael E. Karellas OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of radical nephrectomy (RN) with adjacent organ and structure resection on survival, as invasion of adjacent organs in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is rare. PATIENTS AND METHODS After institutional review board approval, we reviewed our database and statistically analysed of patients with pathological stage T3 or T4 RCC who had RN and resection of a contiguous organ or structure. RESULTS We identified 38 patients of 2464 (1.5%) who had RN with adjacent organ or structure resection. The median (interquartile range) size of the mass was 11 (8,14) cm, and the follow-up 13 (5,33) months. Most patients (68%) were pT4 stage and had conventional clear cell carcinoma (95%). Fourteen patients (37%) had positive surgical margins. The liver (10) was the most commonly resected adjacent organ or structure. Only one patient remains alive with no evidence of disease at 5 years, while three are currently alive with disease. Overall, 34 of 38 patients (90%) ultimately died from disease at a median (range) of 11.7 (5.4,29.2) months after surgical resection. The surgical margin status was the only statistically significant factor for recurrence and death (P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS The prognosis for patients with advanced RCC and adjacent organ or structure involvement is extremely poor and similar to that of patients with metastatic disease. These patients should be thoroughly counselled about the impact of surgical management and considered for entry into neoadjuvant or adjuvant clinical trials with new targeted systemic agents. [source] Osteopontin is a new target molecule for ovarian clear cell carcinoma therapyCANCER SCIENCE, Issue 8 2010Motoki Matsuura Recent studies have demonstrated overexpression of osteopontin (OPN) in ovarian clear cell carcinoma. Here, we revealed the role of OPN in invasiveness in ovarian clear cell carcinoma. We used immunofluorescence analysis to detect OPN in a total of 160 patient-derived specimens. Ovarian clear cell carcinoma cell lines, RMG-1 and TOV-21G, were used to monitor changes in OPN and integrin levels, and cell invasiveness following treatment with OPN, simvastatin, and transfection with siRNA. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed statistically significant differences among the histological groups, and ovarian clear cell carcinoma expressed a strong OPN signal. The OPN receptors, alpha v and 5, and beta 1 and 3 integrins, were increased after treatment with OPN. Invasion assays indicated that OPN enhanced in vitro extracellular matrix invasion dose-dependently in ovarian clear cell carcinoma. Simvastatin significantly reduced expression of OPN and the integrins, and decreased ECM invasion. RNA interference also suppressed ECM invasion. These results suggest that down- or up-regulation of OPN is involved in carcinoma cell invasion. We thus conclude that OPN regulation could have a crucial role in ovarian clear cell carcinoma therapy. (Cancer Sci 2010) [source] Translational Mini-Review Series on Vaccines: Dendritic cell-based vaccines in renal cancerCLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 3 2007E. Ranieri Summary Renal cancer is a relatively uncommon solid tumor, accounting for about 3% of all adult malignancies, however this rate incidence is rising. The most common histological renal cell carcinoma (RCC) subtype is clear cell carcinoma that makes up approximately 70,80% of all renal neoplasms and appears to be the only histological subtype that is responsive to immunotherapeutic approaches with any consistency. Therefore, it has been hypothesized that immune-mediated mechanisms play important roles in limiting tumor growth and that dendritic cells (DC), the most potent APC in the body, and T cells are the dominant effector cells that regulate tumor progression in situ. In this context, the development of clinically effective DC-based vaccines is a major focus for active specific immunotherapy in renal cancer. In the current review we have not focused on the results of recently published RCC clinical trials, as several excellent reviews have already performed this function. Instead, we turned our attention to how the perception and practical application of DC-based vaccinations are evolving. [source] Accidental transplantation of a kidney with a cystic renal cell carcinoma following living donation: management and 1 yr follow-upCLINICAL TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 2 2006Michael Neipp Abstract: Transmission of cancer is a fatal risk in organ transplantation. We present a case of incidental renal carcinoma in a kidney obtained from a living donor. A 56-yr-old father was evaluated for donation for his 28-yr-old daughter. An MRT scan revealed two cysts in the right kidney. Right-sided donor nephrectomy and subsequent transplantation was performed. The wall of the prominent cyst was partially excised prior to transplantation. Histology revealed a high-grade renal clear cell carcinoma 10 d after transplantation. Following careful evaluation the recipient underwent partial nephrectomy. Immunosuppression was switched to rapamune. The graft function remained stable. Donor and recipient are without evidence of tumor recurrence 1 yr after transplantation. Our policy to obtain the kidney presenting anatomical variations proved to be beneficial for the donor. In case of transmission of cancer partial resection preserving graft function might be justified. [source] Prognostic factors in endometrial carcinomaJOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY RESEARCH (ELECTRONIC), Issue 5 2008Peter Uhar Abstract Endometrial carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the female genital tract in industrialized countries, and occurs predominantly after the menopause. Although most endometrial carcinomas are detected at low stage, there is still a significant mortality from the disease. In postmenopausal women, prolonged life expectancy, changes in reproductive behavior and prevalence of overweight and obesity, as well as hormone replacement therapy use, may partially account for the observed increases of incidence rates in some countries. In order to improve treatment and follow-up of endometrial carcinoma patients, the importance of various prognostic factors has been extensively studied. The identification of high-risk groups would make it possible to avoid unnecessary adjuvant treatment among patients with a good prognosis. Over the past few decades, several studies have demonstrated the prognostic importance of different parameters including lymph node status, histological type of carcinoma (serous carcinoma and clear cell carcinomas are poor prognostic types), histological grade, stage of disease, depth of myometrial invasion, lymphovascular space involvement and cervical involvement. Other factors currently being investigated are estrogen and progesterone receptor status, p53 status, flow cytometric analysis for ploidy and S-phase fraction, and oncogenes such as HER-2/neu (c-erbB-2). [source] The expression of six biomarkers in the four most common ovarian cancers: correlation with clinicopathological parametersAPMIS, Issue 3 2009CHIH-KUNG LIN This study aimed to evaluate the relationship of fascin-1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, cortactin, survivin, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression with clinicopathological parameters for the four most common ovarian surface epithelial carcinomas. Six biomarkers were investigated immunohistochemically using tissue microarrays of 185 specimens including 79 serous cystadenocarcinomas, 47 mucinous cystadenocarcinomas, 45 endometrioid adenocarcinomas, and 14 clear cell carcinomas. The four most common ovarian carcinomas showed significant expression of fascin-1, cortactin, survivin, and EGFR, but not of MMP-2 and MMP-9. In addition, higher immunostaining scores for fascin-1 in mucinous cystadenocarcinomas correlated with T stage, N stage, American Joint Committee on Cancer AJCC clinical stage, and a poorer survival rate; for cortactin in serous cystadenocarcinomas correlated with T stage; for cortactin in clear cell carcinomas correlated with T and clinical AJCC stages; and for survivin in clear cell carcinomas correlated with T stage and AJCC clinical stage. In addition, higher immunostaining scores for fascin-1, cortactin, and survivin correlated with poorer tumor differentiation in serous, mucinous, and endometrioid adenocarcinomas. Thus, the expression of fascin-1, cortactin, and survivin may be helpful in evaluating the aggressiveness of ovarian mucinous, serous, and clear cell adenocarcinoma. Additionally, the expression of fascin-1 may be an independent prognostic risk factor in mucinous cystadenocarcinoma. [source] Mucinous but not clear cell histology is associated with inferior survival in patients with advanced stage ovarian carcinoma treated with platinum-paclitaxel chemotherapy,CANCER, Issue 6 2010Aristotle Bamias MD Abstract BACKGROUND: Mucinous and clear cell histology have been associated with adverse prognosis in ovarian carcinomas. The authors compared the outcome of these subtypes with that of serous tumors in patients who were treated with combination paclitaxel/platinum at their center. METHODS: Four hundred twenty patients with histologically confirmed, serous (n = 367), mucinous (n = 24), or clear cell (n = 29) ovarian carcinomas, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage III or IV disease, and who were treated with paclitaxel/platinum after cytoreductive surgery were included in this analysis. RESULTS: The median overall survival for each histological subtype was 47.7 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 37.7-57.7 months) for serous, 15.4 months (95% CI, 4.2-26.6 months) for mucinous, and 36.6 months (95% CI, 22.7-50.5 months) for clear cell carcinomas. Cox regression analysis showed that mucinous histology was an independent predictor of poor prognosis compared with serous tumors (hazard ratio, 0.360; 95% CI, 0.215-0.603; P = .001). In contrast, such a difference between clear cell and serous carcinomas was not found (P = .337). Median survival of patients with mucinous tumors and residual disease >2 cm was poor, averaging 7.1 months (95% CI, 4.6-9.6 months). CONCLUSIONS: Mucinous but not clear cell histology is associated with significantly worse prognosis in advanced ovarian cancer treated with combination platinum/paclitaxel. Different therapeutic strategies should be studied in this entity. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society. [source] Psammoma bodies in cervicovaginal smears: Incidence and significanceDIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 2 2002Vinita Parkash M.D. Abstract Psammoma bodies (PB) are seen in a wide variety of gynecologic conditions. However, only a few reports address the incidence or significance of PB in cervicovaginal smears (CVS). Twenty patients with PBs in CVS were identified over a 5-yr period during which time 82,840 CVS were screened. Nine cases were associated with malignancy: six uterine serous/clear cell carcinoma, two serous ovarian carcinoma, and one fallopian tube carcinoma. The remaining 11 were benign: one had an ovarian cystadenofibroma and one had PB associated with benign endometrium and endosalpingiosis. In the remaining nine cases, PB were not found on additional studies, although four gave a history of oral contraception and one each had chronic endometritis and IUD in place. The presence of atypical glandular cells diagnostic of carcinoma was the only single feature that predicted carcinoma (7/7). A combination of clinicopathologic features were helpful predictors of malignancy: postmenopausal bleeding (8/9 cases), age over 45 (9/9 cases), and abnormal clinical examination (5/9 cases). Conversely, benignancy was associated with postmenopausal bleeding in 1/11 cases, age over 45 in 3/11 cases and abnormal clinical examination in 2/11 cases. The incidence of PB in our series consecutively screened smears is 8 per 82,840 smears (0.009%). Unlike prior reports, we found that the presence of PB on CVS is not as ominous a finding as previously indicated, as only 12.5% (1/8) of patients with PB on their CVS harbor carcinoma. PB in a CVS in a young patient merits a thorough examination, but not surgical exploration in the absence of additional clinical findings or atypical cells on the CVS. Older patients (>45 yr) have a higher incidence of malignancy, even in the absence of clinical findings or atypical cells on CVS, and may warrant a surgical exploration. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2002;26:81,86; DOI 10.1002/dc.10058 © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Analysis of racial differences in incidence, survival, and mortality for malignant tumors of the uterine corpus,CANCER, Issue 1 2003Mark E. Sherman M.D. Abstract BACKGROUND In the United States, incidence rates for malignant tumors of the uterine corpus are lower among blacks than among whites, whereas mortality rates are higher among blacks. Reasons for the higher level of mortality among blacks have been debated. METHODS Using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program, the authors compared incidence rates by histopathologic type for malignant tumors of the uterine corpus (including uterus, not otherwise specified) during the period 1992,1998 among white Hispanic, black, and white non-Hispanic patients. The authors also compared cumulative relative survival rates for blacks and whites by histopathologic type and by other factors, and they calculated estimated type-specific mortality rates. RESULTS Overall incidence (per 100,000 woman-years) of corpus malignancy was significantly lower among white Hispanics (14.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 13.39,14.72) and blacks (15.31; 95% CI, 14.61,16.04) compared with white non-Hispanics (23.43; 95% CI, 23.06,23.81). Compared with white non-Hispanics, blacks had significantly higher incidence rates of serous/clear cell carcinoma (rate ratio, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.61,2.12), carcinosarcoma (rate ratio, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.99,2.72), and sarcoma (rate ratio, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.31,1.86). Survival was worse for blacks than for whites in every histopathologic category and in ,usual' types of endometrial adenocarcinoma, stratified by stage, grade, and age. Rare aggressive tumor types accounted for 53% of mortality among blacks, compared with 36% among whites. CONCLUSIONS Less favorable outcomes for usual types of endometrial adenocarcinoma and for rare aggressive tumors contribute equally to the relatively high mortality due to corpus cancer among black women. Cancer 2003;98:176,86. Published 2003 by the American Cancer Society.* DOI 10.1002/cncr.11484 [source] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||