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Clear Boundaries (clear + boundary)
Selected AbstractsThe WikiID: An Alternative Approach to the Body of KnowledgeJOURNAL OF INTERIOR DESIGN, Issue 2 2009Hannah Rose Mendoza M.F.A. ABSTRACT A discussion of the locus of design knowledge is currently underway as well as a search for clear boundaries defined by a formal Body of Knowledge (BoK). Most attempts to define a BoK involve the creation of "jurisdictional boundaries of knowledge" that "allow those who possess this knowledge to claim authority over its application" (Guerin & Thompson, 2004, p. 1). This claim is attractive but such control may no longer be an option in the Internet Age, when even the call for the discussion of the BoK definition process is on the Web. Marshall-Baker (2005) argued that "the moment knowledge is bordered it is no longer knowledge" (p. xiv). Whereas data and information are easily captured and generalized, knowledge is specific to users and their evolving understandings, implying purposeful application over time. This paper explores knowledge as process transcending boundaries and seeks to answer not "where" the locus lies but rather "what" that locus could be. Using a feminist framework, I argue that in conjunction with the work done thus far we should move toward the creation of an inclusive model for the BoK. In such a model, the value of the profession is felt as a result of inclusion in and interaction with the knowledge creation process. I propose that the BoK should not be a printed document, but a Web-based organizational system that supports change and innovation. Wikipedia provides this type of inclusive, mutable system, and the same framework could be applied to the creation of a systemic BoK. I call this creation the WikiID. [source] Patient safety and quality of care: the role of the health care assistantJOURNAL OF NURSING MANAGEMENT, Issue 6 2004AdvDipEd, DipN (Lond), FEANS, FRCN, FRCSI, Hugh P. McKenna BSc (Hons) The role of the Health Care Assistant emerged primarily to support the professional nurse and to undertake perceived ,non-nursing' duties under the direction and supervision of qualified nurses. Health Care Assistants are employed in a variety of clinical settings and carry out a range of tasks and procedures. While they represent a substantial proportion of the health care workforce, the growth of their role has taken place without regulation, clear boundaries, or systematic education and training. This has raised serious concerns, especially with regard to the issues of patient safety and quality of care. For health professionals, regulations, role clarity and validated education and training are key elements of ensuring the safety of the public. This paper explores these issues with regard to the Health Care Assistant role and finds them wanting. [source] Initiating Sexual Experiences: How Do Young Adolescents Make Decisions Regarding Early Sexual Activity?JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE, Issue 4 2005Tricia M. Michels Understanding how young adolescents make decisions to engage in early sexual activities is vital for intervention efforts aimed at fostering positive youth development and reducing the negative outcomes of adolescent sexual behavior. In-depth interviews with 42 suburban, mostly White, ninth-grade adolescents (52% females, mean age=14.1, SD=.45) elicited accounts of their early sexual decisions. We adapted grounded theory methodology to build a model of sexual decision making from the adolescents' narratives. Six dominant categories emerged: contextual factors (relationship and personal characteristics), consideration of risks and benefits, boundary setting, boundary communication, the sexual experience, and evaluation. Our model of early sexual decision-making processes, developed from the perspectives of young adolescents, highlights active consideration of health and social risks and benefits, as well as the generation of options regarding sexual activity. The model also shows that young adolescents set clear boundaries of sexual limits and evaluate sexual experiences, suggesting a dynamic process of decision making. [source] Confining and defining proprietary estoppel: the role of unconscionabilityLEGAL STUDIES, Issue 3 2010Martin Dixon The use of proprietary estoppel to make or support claims to property is now common. Case-law tells us that the concept of unconscionability is central to a successful claim, but little guidance is provided as to what ,unconscionability' means or how it is to be established. It is often assumed rather than explained. This paper argues that unconscionability in fact has a reasonably clear meaning within the law of proprietary estoppel and that it can be used to define and confine proprietary estoppel within reasonably clear boundaries. It seeks to explain that proprietary estoppel is at heart an antidote to a lack of required formality in the creation or transfer of property rights and, consequently, that the proper meaning of unconscionability is linked to these formality requirements. Unconscionability is therefore not a cover for unregulated judicial discretion, nor a loose term to describe a general sense of unfairness, but a concept which can be used to discriminate objectively between valid and invalid estoppel claims. [source] Flexibility, friendship, and familyPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS, Issue 1 2008GRAHAM ALLAN This article is concerned with the impact of late modernity on patterns of solidarity in friend and family relationships. It takes as its starting point the transformations in partnership, family, and household formation and dissolution that have been occurring in Western societies since the 1970s. Accepting these shifts as indicative of the greater freedoms people now have over the construction of their personal relationships and social networks, the article examines the degree to which the domains of family and friendship are merging. Its principal argument is that despite increased flexibility in the construction of personal life, including diversity in the prioritization of different relationships, at a cultural level clear boundaries exist between family and friendship ties. [source] Use of arboreal and terrestrial space by a small mammal community in a tropical rain forest in Borneo, MalaysiaJOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY, Issue 4 2004Konstans Wells Abstract Aim, Small mammals were live-trapped in a primary rain forest to evaluate the relative distribution of species to each other and to microhabitat properties on the ground and in the canopy. Location, Kinabalu National Park in Borneo, Sabah, Malaysia. Methods, Seven trapping sessions were conducted along two grids with 31 trap points at distances of 20 m on the ground and in the lower canopy at an average height of 13.5 m. Results, Species diversity and abundance of small mammals proved to be high: 20 species of the families Muridae, Sciuridae, Tupaiidae, Hystricidae, Viverridae and Lorisidae were trapped, with murids being dominant in both habitat layers. The terrestrial community was significantly more diverse with 16 captured species (Shannon,Wiener's diversity index = 2.47), while 11 species were trapped in the canopy ( = 1.59). The Whitehead's rat, Maxomys whiteheadi, and the red spiny rat, Maxomys surifer, dominated the terrestrial community whereas the large pencil-tailed tree mouse, Chiropodomys major, was by far the most abundant species in the canopy. Other abundant species of the canopy community, the dark-tailed tree rat, Niviventer cremoriventer, and the lesser treeshrew, Tupaia minor, were also abundant on the ground, and there was no clear boundary between arboreal and terrestrial species occurrences. Main conclusions, As most species were not confined to specific microhabitats or habitat layers, species seemed to rely on resources not necessarily restricted to certain microhabitats or habitat layers, and separation of species probably resulted mainly from a species' concentrated activity in a preferred microhabitat rather than from principal adaptations to certain habitats. Ecological segregation was stronger in the more diverse terrestrial community, though microhabitat selection was generally not sufficient to explain the co-occurrences of species and the variability between local species assemblages. Constraints on small mammal foraging efficiency in the three-dimensional more complex canopy may be responsible for the similarity of microhabitat use of all common arboreal species. Community composition was characterized by mobile species with low persistence rates, resulting in a high degree of variability in local species assemblages with similar turnover rates in both habitats. [source] Recent interpretations of Denonvilliers' fascia and the lateral ligament of the rectumASIAN JOURNAL OF ENDOSCOPIC SURGERY, Issue 1 2009Y Sakai Abstract The terms "Denonvilliers' fascia" and "lateral ligament of the rectum" will be very familiar to colorectal surgeons. However, how these structures are conceptualized remains controversial. Here, we review past and recent interpretations of these two terms. Denonvilliers' fascia is likely derived from the fusion of the two walls of an embryonic cul-de-sac to form a clear boundary between the neurovascular bundle and the mesorectum. When performing anterior dissection for mobilization of the rectum, it remains unclear whether the optimal dissection plane is in front of or behind Denonvilliers' fascia. Anatomical studies have shown that the lateral ligament may not be a clearly definable structure and that the middle rectal artery is not clinically significant. In the future, careful laparoscopic observations will give us a better understanding of these currently controversial anatomical features. [source] | |||||||||||||