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Clean Air (clean + air)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Chemistry	40%
Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting	40%

Selected Abstracts

Markets for Clean Air: The U.S. Acid Rain Program by A. Denny Ellerman, Richard Schmalensee, Elizabeth M. Bailey, Paul L. Joskow and Juan-Pablo Montero

THE ECONOMIC RECORD, Issue 257 2006
Lata Gangadharan
No abstract is available for this article. [source]

Indoor Air Quality in the 21st Century: Search for Excellence

INDOOR AIR, Issue 2 2000
P. OLE FANGER
Abstract Field studies demonstrate that there are substantial numbers of dissatisfied people in many buildings, among them those suffering from sick building syndrome (SBS) symptoms, even though existing standards and guidelines are met. The reason is that the requirements specified in these standards are rather low, allowing a substantial group of people to become dissatisfied and to be adversely affected. A paradigm shift from rather mediocre to excellent indoor environments is foreseen in the 21st century. Based on existing information and on new research results, five principles are suggested as elements behind a new philosophy of excellence: 1) better indoor air quality increases productivity and decreases SBS symptoms; 2) unnecessary indoor pollution sources should be avoided; 3) the air should be served cool and dry to the occupants; 4) "personalized air", i.e. a small amount of clean air, should be served gently, close to the breathing zone of each individual; and 5) individual control of the thermal environment should be provided. These principles of excellence are compatible with energy efficiency and sustainability. [source]

Restrictions to the use of cleanrooms for packaging pasteurised milk

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DAIRY TECHNOLOGY, Issue 2 2010
GEORGIANA S B AIRES
The study evaluated the effect of packaging pasteurised milk inside an ISO Class 8 cleanroom and an external Class 7 antechamber. Chemical, microbiological and sensory analyses of three trials did not show evidence of improvements in the product shelf life, although the total airborne particle and the viable airborne counts were considerable higher outside the cleanroom than inside it. Post-pasteurisation contaminations inherent to the equipments should be considered in futures studies. Therefore, the use of cleanroom technology is an operational alternative to be taken into consideration, provided that the characteristics of the whole system is compatible with the high standards of the clean air. [source]

Simple sample transfer technique by internally expanded desorptive flow for needle trap devices

JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE, JSS, Issue 12 2008
In-Yong Eom
Abstract Needle trap devices (NTDs) are improving in simplicity and usefulness for sampling volatile organic compounds (VOCs) since their first introduction in early 2000s. Three different sample transfer methods have been reported for NTDs to date. All methods use thermal desorption and simultaneously provide desorptive flow to transfer desorbed VOCs into a GC separation column. For NTDs having ,side holes', GC carrier gas enters a ,side hole' and passes through sorbent particles to carry desorbed VOCs, while for NTD not having a ,side hole', clean air as desorptive flow can be provided through a needle head by a air tight syringe to sweep out desorbed VOCs or water vapor has been reported recently to be used as desorptive flow. We report here a new simple sample transfer technique for NTDs, in which no side holes and an external desorptive flow are required. When an NTD enriched by a mixture of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) or n -alkane mixture (C6,C15) is exposed to the hot zone of GC injector, the expanding air above the packed sorbent transfers the desorbed compounds from the sorbent to the GC column. This internal air expansion results in clean and sharp desorption profiles for BTEX and n -alkane mixture with no carryover. The effect of desorption temperature, desorption time, and overhead volumes was studied. Decane having vapor pressure of ,1 Torr at 20°C showed ,1% carryover at the moderate thermal desorption condition (0.5 min at 250°C). [source]

"Publics" Administration and the Ethics of Particularity

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REVIEW, Issue 5 2003
F. Neil Brady
Ethical orientations that emphasize universal duties, ideals, and values are well known to public administrators. We pay attention to principle, policy, ideals, shared goals, and the provision of a variety of commonly held values, such as clean air and water, mosquito abatement, and public recreation. The word "public" often seems to be a synonym for "universal." However, this article explores particularity in ethics, especially as it applies to the life of the public servant. It identifies three distinct orientations that focus on the concrete,as opposed to the abstract,and it shows how the exceptional cases are not administrative problems; rather they provide a reality check for public administrators who suppose rules, plans, and programs to be their primary orientation toward the management of public concerns. [source]