Home About us Contact
|
Home About us Contact | ||
|
|
||
Classic
Terms modified by Classic Selected AbstractsDeploying the Classic ,Community Method' in the Social Policy Field: The Example of the Acquired Rights DirectiveEUROPEAN LAW JOURNAL, Issue 2 2009Gavin Barrett The use of the Community method of legislation, in particular the deployment of directives, has for a long time been at the core of EC labour market policy. This article seeks to reflect on the lessons to be learned from the experience of the adoption and operation of one particularly significant directive, namely the Acquired Rights Directive, and on the experience of its transposition in one Member State, Ireland. Among features noted at the EU level are the watering down of the Commission's initial legislative ambitions; the substantial lacunae, failures to address issues and ambiguities incorporated in the text of the directive, the consequent enlarged role for the Court of Justice and the apparent difficulty in changing policy direction in the event of errors being made. As regards the Irish experience of transposing the directive, lessons learnt have included the importance of the means of implementation chosen by the Member State; the obstructive effect which national industrial relations systems may have on the evolution of a common European approach; the significance which attaches to national sanctions and enforcement mechanisms; the importance attaching to the degree of collective organisation in workplaces where the implementing legislation is sought to be relied upon; and the potential which the implementation of a directive has for disruption of the harmony of a national policy approach. Finally, the use of a form of social dialogue in the implementation of employment-related directives in Ireland is also commented upon. [source] Classic and atypical fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) phenotypes are caused by mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type I receptor ACVR1,HUMAN MUTATION, Issue 3 2009Frederick S. Kaplan Abstract Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is an autosomal dominant human disorder of bone formation that causes developmental skeletal defects and extensive debilitating bone formation within soft connective tissues (heterotopic ossification) during childhood. All patients with classic clinical features of FOP (great toe malformations and progressive heterotopic ossification) have previously been found to carry the same heterozygous mutation (c.617G>A; p.R206H) in the glycine and serine residue (GS) activation domain of activin A type I receptor/activin-like kinase 2 (ACVR1/ALK2), a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type I receptor. Among patients with FOP-like heterotopic ossification and/or toe malformations, we identified patients with clinical features unusual for FOP. These atypical FOP patients form two classes: FOP-plus (classic defining features of FOP plus one or more atypical features) and FOP variants (major variations in one or both of the two classic defining features of FOP). All patients examined have heterozygous ACVR1 missense mutations in conserved amino acids. While the recurrent c.617G>A; p.R206H mutation was found in all cases of classic FOP and most cases of FOP-plus, novel ACVR1 mutations occur in the FOP variants and two cases of FOP-plus. Protein structure homology modeling predicts that each of the amino acid substitutions activates the ACVR1 protein to enhance receptor signaling. We observed genotype-phenotype correlation between some ACVR1 mutations and the age of onset of heterotopic ossification or on embryonic skeletal development. Hum Mutat 0, 1,12, 2008. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Is the LMA Classic a secure airway?ACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 9 2009S. K. Barnung No abstract is available for this article. [source] Classic and soma-restricted proteolipids are targeted to different subcellular compartments in oligodendrocytesJOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH, Issue 6 2001Ernesto R. Bongarzone Abstract The myelin proteolipid (PLP) gene is very active in oligodendrocytes (OLs) and generates at least four proteins: the classic PLP and DM20 proteolipids, which are associated with compact myelin and the srPLP and srDM20, which are associated with the cell soma. These proteins are extremely hydrophobic and appear to follow the biosynthetic route used by secretory proteins. In this study, we have analyzed the subcellular distribution of the newly described sr-proteolipids and compared it to that of the classic proteolipids. Immunocytochemical analysis indicates that the sr-proteolipids and classic proteolipids are found in association with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus of mature OLs in vitro. Whereas the classic proteolipids become associated with the myelin-like sheets elaborated by OLs, the sr-proteolipids are not targeted to the myelin leaflets. The sr-proteolipids were associated with endosomes and with recycling vesicles as determined by double immunocytochemistry with markers such as syntaxin 6 and clathrin. In vivo, immunohistochemical analysis showed a distribution of the sr-proteolipids that was similar to that obtained in vitro, with a total absence of incorporation of sr-proteolipids into compact myelin. This differential subcellular localization is further evidence for a biological role for these products of the PLP/DM20 gene, which is different from that of the classic proteolipids. J. Neurosci. Res. 65:477,484, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] What is the Slowest-Yet-Normal Cervical Dilation Rate Among Nulliparous Women With Spontaneous Labor Onset?JOURNAL OF OBSTETRIC, GYNECOLOGIC & NEONATAL NURSING, Issue 4 2010Jeremy L. Neal ABSTRACT Objective: To integrate research literature that has provided insights into the cervical dilation rate that may best describe the slowest-yet-normal dilation rate among nulliparous women when beginning with criteria commonly associated with active labor onset. Data Sources: A literature search from 1950 through 2008 was conducted using the Medline electronic database, reference lists from identified articles, and other key references. Study Selection: Research reports written in English with a focus on the cervical dilation and/or labor duration of low-risk, nulliparous women with spontaneous labor onset. Data Extraction: Classic and contemporary research literature was reviewed and organized under the following subheadings: Friedman Studies, Partograph Studies, Active Management of Labor Studies, Additional Studies. Data Synthesis: An integrative review of the literature approximated the slowest-yet-normal cervical dilation rate for nulliparous women when beginning with criteria commonly associated with active labor. Conclusions: The slowest-yet-normal linear dilation rate approximates 0.5 cm/hour for low-risk, nulliparous women with spontaneous labor onset when starting at dilatations traditionally associated with active labor onset. However, this linear rate must be evaluated judiciously in light of the physiological acceleration of dilation that occurs during typical labor. Given this, cervical dilation for this population is likely slower than 0.5 cm/hour in earlier active labor and faster in more advanced active labor. Faster dilation expectations (e.g., 1 cm/hour) likely contribute to an overdiagnosis of dystocia ("slow, abnormal progression of labor") in contemporary practice and, subsequently, to an overuse of interventions aimed at accelerating labor progress. [source] Maya blue,green pigments found in Calakmul, Mexico: a study by Raman and UV-visible spectroscopyJOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY, Issue 8 2008Renata Garcia Moreno Abstract After more than two decades of fieldwork in the Maya archaeological site of Calakmul, Mexico, numerous remnants of blue and green pigments have been reported on wall paintings, as well as on funerary paraphernalia, such as masks, miniatures and vases. The importance of these pigments is linked to the sacred values that Maya people associate with blue and green colours since pre-Columbian times. These hues symbolise water, and are therefore associated with fertility and regeneration. This paper aims to perform a survey of the blue and green pigments used in the Early Classic and Late Classic periods in Calakmul (300,850 A.D.), in order to have a better understanding of their chemical composition and origin. Analyses were performed on microsamples using Raman and UV-visible spectroscopies to evaluate the possibilities that these techniques can offer in future in situ researches on Mesoamerican archaeological materials and objects. With these analyses, we have documented a large blue,green chromatic palette, which includes the earliest Blue Maya and Green Maya known to date, as well as malachite, pseudomalachite and an unknown-up-to-now blue-green mineral pigment, veszelyite, used specifically for ritual objects. The results indicate a careful selection of imported products and the mastering of a complex ancient Maya pictorial tradition. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The Collapse of the Classic Maya: A Case for the Role of Water ControlAMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST, Issue 3 2002Lisa J. Lucero This article focuses on the role of water control in the emergence and demise of Classic Maya political power (c. C.E. 250-950), one that scholars have long underestimated. The scale of water control correlates with the degree of political power, reflected in three levels of Maya civic-ceremonial centers,regional, secondary, and minor. Such power derives from a complex relationship among center location, seasonal water supply, amount of agricultural land, and settlement density. Maya kings monopolized artificial reservoirs and other water sources during annual drought, providing the means to exact tribute from subjects. Climate change undermined the institution of rulership when existing ceremonies and technology failed to provide sufficient water. The collapse of rulers' power at regional centers in the Terminal Classic (c. C.E. 850-950) had differing impacts on smaller centers. Secondary and minor centers not heavily dependent on water control survived the drought and the collapse of regional centers. [Keywords: political power, water control, Classic Maya collapse] [source] Politics with Style: Identity Formation in Prehispanic Southeastern MesoamericaAMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST, Issue 2 2001Edward M. Schortman Those seeking to ensconce themselves at the pinnacles of emerging sociopolitical hierarchies must forge alliances with both their immediate subordinates and distant peers. In the first case, allegiance to a polity that transcends extant and emerging sectarian affiliations must be achieved if the realm is to survive the passing of individual charismatic rulers. Cooperation with foreign leaders, in turn, guarantees a steady supply of political valuables useful in ensnaring clients within dependency relations that undergird sociopolitical hierarchy. Achievement of these objectives requires creation and propagation of at least two distinct social identities, one linking rulers and ruled within a polity and the other uniting paramounts in a network covering vast territorial expanses. In this article, we examine Late Classic (A.D. 600-950) material patterns from the Naco valley, northwestern Honduras, for the light they shed on the proposed integration of political and cultural processes within developing complex polities. The strategic manipulation of material symbols to fashion new affiliations and the implications of these identities for social change are also considered, [social identity, Mesoamerican archaeology, ideology, political contests, symbols] [source] The Origins of a Classic: Getting to Yes Turns Twenty-FiveNEGOTIATION JOURNAL, Issue 4 2006Michael Wheeler First page of article [source] Classic and false memory designs: An electrophysiological comparisonPSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY, Issue 5 2004Doreen Nessler Abstract In false memory tasks new items either overlap with the semantic concepts of studied items (LURE) or do not (NEW). ERP differences between OLD and NEW items in false memory tasks have been interpreted as similar to episodic memory effects observed in classic recognition studies. However, NEW items in a false memory task can be rejected on the basis of semantic information alone, a strategy useless in classic tasks. Here a medial frontal (400 to 500 ms) episodic memory effect was revealed in both classic and false memory tasks, whereas a parietal (500 to 700 ms) episodic memory effect was found only in the classic task. In the false memory task a large, parietally focused positivity was evident for NEW items, assumed to reflect a targetlike response to new semantic information. The brain activity underlying false memory effects, therefore, cannot be interpreted as a straightforward example of that arising during a standard recognition task. [source] On Marriage and Family: Classic and Contemporary Texts , Edited by Matthew LeveringRELIGIOUS STUDIES REVIEW, Issue 1 2007David H. Jensen No abstract is available for this article. [source] Menschen im Hotel/Grand Hotel: Seventy Years of a Popular Culture ClassicTHE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN CULTURE, Issue 2 2000Lynda J. King First page of article [source] The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: A Penguin Enriched eBook Classic,(Kindle Edition).THE MARK TWAIN ANNUAL, Issue 1 2009Introduction by John Seelye Format: Kindle Edition (1547 KB). 368 pp. Penguin Classics (2008). [source] In vitro study of magnetic resonance imaging artefacts of six supraglottic airway devicesANAESTHESIA, Issue 6 2010M. Zaballos Summary We investigated the artefacts created during magnetic resonance imaging by five different laryngeal mask airways: the Classic (cLMAÔ); the LMA ProSealÔ; the LMA UniqueÔ; the Ambu® Disposable Laryngeal Mask; the LMA SupremeÔ; and one other supraglottic airway device, the i-gel supraglottic airway. The devices were placed on top of and inside a phantom simulator to resemble the position in vivo. The artefacts with the cLMA, Unique and Supreme were similar and related to ferromagnetic material in the pilot balloon valve. Artefacts were more prominent with the ProSeal. There were no artefacts with the Ambu Disposable Laryngeal Mask or the i-gel. [source] PETROGRAPHIC AND STABLE ISOTOPE ANALYSES OF LATE CLASSIC ULÚA MARBLE VASES AND POTENTIAL SOURCES*ARCHAEOMETRY, Issue 1 2006C. LUKE Ulúa marble vases from the Ulúa Valley of northwestern Honduras are a hallmark luxury good from Late Classic (ad 600,900) Mesoamerica. Archaeological and stylistic data point to centralized production at one site, Travesía. This paper analyses stable isotope and petrographic data from the vases and three potential procurement areas. The results indicate that the vases were produced from one primary source with one, potentially two, secondary sources. Procurement patterns most probably corresponded to contemporary communication routes. The results clearly indicate that a multi-method approach is necessary for sourcing marble from Honduras. [source] Modern Classics: Reflections on Rammstein in the German Class,DIE UNTERRICHTSPRAXIS/TEACHING GERMAN, Issue 1 2008Martina Lüke The decreasing interest in the study of foreign languages forces us to reconsider and re-evaluate new teaching methods and approaches. Nevertheless, the use of music, in particular modern or pop music, for interdisciplinary studies and students' language skills appears to be still neglected. I claim that the lyrics and music of the popular group Rammstein deal with classical German literature and music and therefore should be added to the curriculum. Based on personal teaching experiences while teaching German for a couple of years at both high-school and university level I will provide insight into some aspects dealing with Rammstein in the classroom. [source] WHAT FEATURES DRIVE RATED BURGER CRAVEABILITY AT THE CONCEPT LEVEL?JOURNAL OF SENSORY STUDIES, Issue 1 2004JACQUELINE BECKLEY ABSTRACT This paper deals with the analysis of drivers for self-defined craveability assessed in an Internet-based, conjoint analysis task. The stimuli comprised 36 descriptions of restaurant hamburgers, including product features, benefits, restaurant names, and emotional reactions that might ensue after eating the hamburger. Elements were combined into concepts by experimental design, and the resulting concepts evaluated by 145 respondents, on the attribute of craveability. Models relating the presence/absence of concept elements to ratings revealed that statements about the hamburger itself were the most powerful, but that no single element was highest across all the respondents. Segmentation of the 145 individuals by the pattern of their individual utilities revealed four key segments. These are Elaborates who may be sensory-oriented and respond strongly to product descriptions; Classics who like the notion of a grilled hamburger; Imaginers who respond to restaurant name and advertising copy; and Emotionals who respond to statements about food to descriptions how the eater feels after consumption. [source] Classics and Moderns: Sraffa's Legacy in EconomicsMETROECONOMICA, Issue 3 2002Gary Mongiovi The year 1998 marked the centenary of Piero Sraffa's birth. This paper reflects upon a recently published collection of essays on Piero Sraffa's scientific legacy. The paper focuses on the constructive dimensions of Sraffa's work. [source] Classics in Progress: Essays on Ancient Greece and Rome , Edited by T. P. WisemanTHE HISTORIAN, Issue 1 2008Anthony Corbeill No abstract is available for this article. [source] Adapting the Classics in Spanish America: The Early YearsTHE JOURNAL OF AMERICAN CULTURE, Issue 3-4 2001Gianna M. Martella First page of article [source] In Search of the Classics: A Study of the Impact of JPIM Papers from 1984 to 2003,THE JOURNAL OF PRODUCT INNOVATION MANAGEMENT, Issue 4 2010Wim Biemans The Journal of Product Innovation Management (JPIM) was launched in 1984 and over its first two decades of existence evolved into the leading journal in the field of innovation and the management of technology. During these 20 years JPIM contributed to the field by publishing 488 academic papers. This paper is a follow-up study to an earlier study that looked at how JPIM evolved in terms of knowledge stock and knowledge flows during the first two decades (published in JPIM, March 2007). That paper looked at what was published during the first 20 years, which sources were cited, and which journals cited JPIM papers. This study takes a closer look at the impact of JPIM on the field of innovation and the management of technology by identifying the most classic papers published in JPIM during its first two decades of existence. This study used multiple research methods to identify 64 candidate potential classics from the 488 papers published in the first 20 years of JPIM's existence, to analyze how they differ from the other 424 papers published in the journal, and to investigate authors' motivations for writing these papers. Finally, using survey responses from the Product Development and Management Association (PDMA) membership and other academics in innovation and new product development, the research then determines which 5 of the 64 candidate papers are considered to be the "most classic" papers published and the factors driving that determination. The findings show that classic papers are those presenting a "pioneering idea" in the field that creates buzz in both the academic and practitioner worlds. High numbers of citations are indeed the outcome of these endeavors, but being a classic requires more than having high numbers of citations. Authors of the true classics generally have worked hard to disseminate their research, usually to both academics and practitioners, perhaps also contributing to the network buzz created by their findings. While one of the five most classic papers represented the first investigation into a particular stream of research, the other four were culminations of a significant body of research, providing a distinct summary of known information on a topic at the time they were published and a clear road forward for future research on the topic. These bodies of knowledge have yet to be superseded by other culminating papers. [source] The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: A Penguin Enriched eBook Classic,(Kindle Edition).THE MARK TWAIN ANNUAL, Issue 1 2009Introduction by John Seelye Format: Kindle Edition (1547 KB). 368 pp. Penguin Classics (2008). [source] Classics in Stereoselective Synthesis . Von Erick M. Carreira und Lisbet Kvaerno.ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE, Issue 36 2009Dirk Trauner Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2008. 632,S., Broschur, 69.00,,.,ISBN 978-3527299669 [source] Erick M. Carreira and Lisbet Kvaerno Classics in stereoselective synthesis Wiley,VCH, 2008, 651 pp. £ 60.00/£72.00 (paperback) 978-3-527-29966-9APPLIED ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY, Issue 6 2009André Cobb No abstract is available for this article. [source] Evaluating the accuracy of Malformations Surveillance Program in detecting virilization due to congenital adrenal hyperplasiaCONGENITAL ANOMALIES, Issue 1 2005Julie Travitz ABSTRACT Malformations surveillance programs of newborn infants have been developed as a method for identifying serious and relatively common birth defects. The virilization of newborn infants with the classic 21-hydroxylase form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia must be identified early if the associated metabolic crisis in the perinatal period is to be prevented. We compared the detection of virilization associated with 21-hydroxylase congenital adrenal hyperplasia in infants by three methods: an ,active' malformations surveillance of medical records at a large urban hospital; routine medical care by examining physicians; and newborn biochemical screening of blood samples. The experience at a large maternity center in Boston, since 1972, showed that pediatricians often recognized affected females (6/6), but not males (0/2); the state newborn screening program, begun in 1990, identified correctly all affected males and females. The Active Malformations Surveillance Program was the least effective screening method, identifying four of six affected females and neither of the affected males. The low rate of detecting affected females by the Surveillance Program was attributed to a failure to sensitize the research assistants to the importance of physicians' notations regarding the signs and symptoms of virilization. The failure of examining physicians, and thereby, the malformations surveillance program, to detect virilized newborn males was due to the lack of consistent associated physical features. These comparisons between these three methods of detection can be used to design and improve malformations surveillance programs. [source] The stratum corneum: structure and function in health and diseaseDERMATOLOGIC THERAPY, Issue 2004Clive R. Harding ABSTRACT:, Our understanding of the formation, structure, composition, and maturation of the stratum corneum (SC) has progressed enormously over the past 30 years. Today, there is a growing realization that this structure, while faithfully providing a truly magnificent barrier to water loss, is a unique, intricate biosensor that responds to environmental challenges and surface trauma by initiating a series of biologic processes which rapidly seek to repair the damage and restore barrier homeostasis. The detailed ultrastructural, biochemical, and molecular dissection of the classic "bricks and mortar" model of the SC has provided insights into the basis of dry, scaly skin disorders that range from the cosmetic problems of winter xerosis to severe conditions such as psoriasis. With this knowledge comes the promise of increasingly functional topical therapies. [source] Urban Service Partnerships, ,Street-Level Bureaucrats' and Environmental Sanitation in Kumasi and Accra, Ghana: Coping with Organisational Change in the Public BureaucracyDEVELOPMENT POLICY REVIEW, Issue 1 2006Richard Crook This is an empirical case study of ,street-level' officials in a classic ,regulatory' public agency: the Environmental Health Department in Kumasi and Accra, Ghana, where privatisation and contracting-out of sanitary services have imposed new ways of working on Environmental Health Officers. Both internal and external organisational relationships are analysed to explain the extent to which these officers have adapted to more ,client-oriented' ways of working. Their positive organizational culture is credited with much of the positive results achieved, but was not sufficient to cope with the negative impact of politically protected privatisations on the officials' ability to enforce standards. Nor could it entirely overcome the deficiencies in training and incentive structures which should have accompanied the changes in service delivery. [source] Genetic basis of rett syndromeDEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES RESEARCH REVIEW, Issue 2 2002Ignatia B. Van den Veyver Abstract The origin of Rett syndrome has long been debated, but several observations have suggested an X-linked dominant inheritance pattern. We and others have pursued an exclusion-mapping strategy using DNA from a small number of familial Rett syndrome cases. This work resulted in the narrowing of the region likely to harbor the mutated gene to Xq27.3-Xqter. After systematic exclusion of several candidate genes, we discovered mutations in MECP2, the gene that encodes the transcriptional repressor, methyl-CpG-binding protein 2. Since then, nonsense, missense, or frameshift mutations have been found in at least 80% of girls affected with classic Rett syndrome. Sixty-four percent of mutations are recurrent C > T transitions at eight CpG dinucleotides mutation hotspots, while the C-terminal region of the gene is prone to recurrent multinucleotide deletions (11%). Most mutations are predicted to result in total or partial loss of function of MeCP2. There is no clear correlation between the type and position of the mutation and the phenotypic features of classic and variant Rett syndrome patients, and XCI appears to be a major determinant of phenotypic severity. Further research focuses on the pathogenic consequences of these mutations along the hypothesis of loss of transcriptional repression of a small number of genes that are essential for neuronal function in the maturing brain. MRDD Research Reviews 2002;8:82,86. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Cytohistologic correlations in schwannomas (neurilemmomas), including "ancient," cellular, and epithelioid variantsDIAGNOSTIC CYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 8 2006Jerzy Klijanienko M.D. Abstract Schwannoma accounts for one of the most common benign mesenchymal neoplasms of soft tissues. Although it is well defined in the cytology literature, particular histologic subtypes such as "ancient," cellular and epitheliod variants could be a source of diagnostic difficulties. We have reviewed cytology aspirates and corresponding histologic sections from 34 schwannomas diagnosed at Institut Curie. Histologically, 24 cases were classic, 5 were "ancient," 4 were cellular, and 1 was epithelioid schwannomas. No example of melanotic schwannoma was recorded. Original cytologic diagnosis was schwannoma in 13 (38.2%) cases, benign soft tissue tumor in 11 (32.4%), pleomorphic adenoma in 2 (6%) cases, angioma in 1 (2.9%) case, nodular fasciitis in 1 (2.9%) case, suspicious in 3 (8.8%) cases, and not satisfactory in 3 (8.8%) cases. There were no major differences between classical, "ancient," cellular, and epithelioid variants on cytology smears. Myxoid stroma, mast cells, and intranuclear inclusions were limited to classical subtype. Similarly, cyto-nuclear atypia was more frequent in classical subtype than in other subtypes. Schwannoma should be differentiated from well-differentiated malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, neurofibroma, and pleomorphic adenoma, in the last instance particularly for head and neck lesions. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2006;34:517,522. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] The Cornucopia of Formal-Ontological RelationsDIALECTICA, Issue 3 2004Barry Smith The paper presents a new method for generating typologies of formal-ontological relations. The guiding idea is that formal relations are those sorts of relations which hold between entities which are constituents of distinct ontologies. We provide examples of ontologies (in the spirit of Zemach's classic "Four Ontologies" of 1970), and show how these can be used to give a rich typology of formal relations in a way which also throws light on the opposition between threeand four-dimensionalism. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||