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Clinical Pathology (clinical + pathology)
Selected AbstractsSpecial Editorial,Internal Medicine and Clinical Pathology: Rebuilding the RelationshipJOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 1 2004Mary M. Christopher No abstract is available for this article. [source] Clinical Pathology of Urologic TumorsBJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 4 2008John Fitzpatrick Editor-in-Chief No abstract is available for this article. [source] A Neurologic Syndrome in Golden Retrievers Presenting as a Sensory Ataxic NeuropathyJOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 6 2007K. Hultin Jäderlund Background: A sensory ataxic neuropathy has been observed in Swedish Golden Retrievers recently. Animals: Twenty-one affected Golden Retrievers. Methods: Clinical and neurologic status, electrophysiologic, and pathologic status as well as pedigree analyses were evaluated. Results: Clinical signs had an insidious onset between 2 and 8 months of age and a slowly progressive course. Affected dogs were ataxic and dysmetric. They had abnormal postural reactions and decreased spinal reflexes but no apparent muscle atrophy. Clinical pathology, radiography, and electrophysiology of motor systems were all within reference values. Sensory nerve conduction results of affected dogs were significantly different from those of a group of control dogs. Necropsy revealed a chronic progressive central and peripheral sensorimotor axonopathy; the proprioceptive pathways were most severely affected. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: This disease in these Golden Retrievers is distinct from other canine breed-related neurodegenerative diseases or hereditary neurodegenerative diseases described in humans. Pedigree analyses indicated a hereditary background, but the mode of inheritance could not be established. [source] Group-level variations in motor representation areas of thenar and anterior tibial muscles: Navigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation StudyHUMAN BRAIN MAPPING, Issue 8 2010Eini Niskanen Abstract Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be used to stimulate functional cortical areas at precise anatomical location to induce measurable responses. The stimulation has commonly been focused on anatomically predefined motor areas: TMS of that area elicits a measurable muscle response, the motor evoked potential. In clinical pathologies, however, the well-known homunculus somatotopy theory may not be straightforward, and the representation area of the muscle is not fixed. Traditionally, the anatomical locations of TMS stimulations have not been reported at the group level in standard space. This study describes a methodology for group-level analysis by investigating the normal representation areas of thenar and anterior tibial muscle in the primary motor cortex. The optimal representation area for these muscles was mapped in 59 healthy right-handed subjects using navigated TMS. The coordinates of the optimal stimulation sites were then normalized into standard space to determine the representation areas of these muscles at the group-level in healthy subjects. Furthermore, 95% confidence interval ellipsoids were fitted into the optimal stimulation site clusters to define the variation between subjects in optimal stimulation sites. The variation was found to be highest in the anteroposterior direction along the superior margin of the precentral gyrus. These results provide important normative information for clinical studies assessing changes in the functional cortical areas because of plasticity of the brain. Furthermore, it is proposed that the presented methodology to study TMS locations at the group level on standard space will be a suitable tool for research purposes in population studies. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] HEPATITIS C AND ADDICTION: Chronic viral hepatitis is a significant contributor to the immunosenescent phenotype of parenteral drug addictionADDICTION BIOLOGY, Issue 2 2009Albert S. Reece ABSTRACT Intravenous drug addiction is known to be associated with an inordinate morbidity and mortality. As our previous report had identified an immune phenotype consistent with accelerated ageing, we wished to investigate how much of this change may have been related to chronic viral hepatitis. A total of 12 409 clinical pathology results from the period 1995,2007 were reviewed. To control for the differences in age, only patients less than 48 years of age were considered. A total of 636 substance use disorder (SUD) and 6103 non-SUD (N-SUD) patients were studied. They had comparable ages (mean ± SD 31.32 ± 6.90 versus 31.57 ± 9.23, P -value not significant), but the SUD group had more males (74.37% versus 53.20%, P < 0.001). For most of the changes examined splitting the two SUD groups into hepatitis C positive (HCV+) and hepatitis C negative (HCV,) demonstrated that the majority of the described changes were most marked in the HCV+ group. The globulins were higher in the HCV+ group and the albumin was lower and fell more markedly with age than in N-SUD or HCV, (all P < 0.001). The globulin/albumin ratio was significantly higher in HCV+ than HCV, or N-SUD (both P < 0.0001) and rose more with age. These changes were paralleled by the ESR, elevations in the CRP and lymphocyte count. Transaminases were elevated in SUD and HCV+ groups compared with N-SUD (all P < 0.02). At multivariate analysis ESR, lymphocyte count, dual hepatitis B and C seropositivity, AST and HCVAb were significant predictors of the serum globulin level and accounted for 21% of the variance. These data extend our earlier report and show that much of the immunosenescent phenotype of SUD, encompassing the known immunosuppression and the observed immunostimulation, is statistically related to chronic viral hepatitis. Important theoretical and practical management (vaccination) implications ensue. [source] Clinical and radiographic scores in haemophilic arthropathies: how well do these correlate to subjective pain status and daily activities?HAEMOPHILIA, Issue 6 2002T. Wallny Summary. Haemophilic patients who reached adulthood before the establishment of prophylactic treatment frequently show multiple and substantial arthropathies. The aim of this study was to determine to what extent haemophiliac's subjective impairment due to arthropathies correlates with objective clinical and radiographic parameters. By means of a questionnaire and a visual analogue scale, we consulted 79 haemophiliacs concerning their joint-pain status, how these were treated and to what extent their daily activities had been affected. Using a scoring system suggested by the Advisory Committee of the World Federation of Haemophilia, clinical evaluation was performed. Radiographs of 60 patients were assessed by means of the Petterson scale. The results were statistically compared. We found a significant correlation between pain intensity and clinical pathology as well as between pain intensity and radiographic joint damage for both knees and for the right ankle. The number of painful joints correlated well with the number of clinically/radiographically affected joints. The more pronounced the objective damage to joints, the more frequently patients claimed to have constant pain, depressive episodes and a dependency on pain-relieving medication. The more pronounced the objectively assessed damage to the knee and ankle joint, the higher the likelihood that the patient suffers from severe joint pain and reduction of activity. Treatment of painful symptoms from arthropathies is often insufficient. Scores and questionnaires may help to define the haemophiliacs pain status more clearly, thereby offering a possibility of assessment and long-term observation. [source] Dangerousness and mental health policyJOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC & MENTAL HEALTH NURSING, Issue 3 2008J. L. HEWITT rmn rgn rnt bsc (hons) pgce pgcert couns Mental health policy development in the UK has become increasingly dominated by the assumed need to prevent violence and alleviate public concerns about the dangers of the mentally ill living in the community. Risk management has become the expected focus of contemporary mental health services, and responsibility has increasingly been devolved to individual service professionals when systems fail to prevent violence. This paper analyses the development of mental health legislation and its impact on services users and mental health professionals at the micro level of service delivery. Historical precedence, media influence and public opinion are explored, and the reification of risk is questioned in practical and ethical terms. The government's newest proposals for compulsory treatment in the community are discussed in terms of practical efficacy and therapeutic impact. Dangerousness is far from being an objectively observable phenomenon arising from clinical pathology, but is a formulation of what is partially knowable through social analysis and unknowable by virtue of its situation in individual psychic motivation. Risk assessment can therefore never be completely accurate, and the solution of a ,better safe than sorry' approach to mental health policy is ethically and pragmatically flawed. [source] Investigation of particular surgical steps in epiretinal prostheses implantation procedure in pigsACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 2009D IVASTINOVIC Purpose Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is known a known complication of implantation of epiretinal prostheses in porcine eyes using our combined surgical procedure of vitrectomy, lensectomy, large scleral incision and retinal tack insertion. The aim of the present experimental study is to investigate the intraocular reaction to particular parts of the epiretinal prostheses implantation procedure in pigs. Methods 15 pigs were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 (n=6) underwent vitrectomy, lensectomy, insertion of inactive epiretinal prosthesis through a scleral incision and fixation to the posterior pole with a retinal tack. In group 2 (n=5) vitrectomy, scleral incision and retinal tack insertion were performed. Group 3 (n=4) received vitrectomy, scleral incision and insertion of a shortened prosthesis into the vitreous cavity. The follow up was 4 weeks. Results PVR was observed in all eyes of group 1 and in one eye of the group 3 with unintentional perforation of the lens capsule by the shortened implant. In all other eyes funduscopy revealed no clinical pathology. Conclusion Our results indicate that lensectomy is the key stimulus for PVR in porcine eyes while other steps of the implantation procedure are well tolerated. Though pigs do not seem to be a reactive animal model, lens manipulation should be avoided in the surgical procedure for the implantation of retinal prostheses. [source] | |||||||||||||