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Client-owned Dogs (client-owned + dog)
Selected AbstractsEvaluation of fipronil spot-on in the treatment of flea allergic dermatitis in dogsJOURNAL OF SMALL ANIMAL PRACTICE, Issue 2 2003L. Medleau The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment with 10 per cent fipronil solution for controlling signs of flea allergic dermatitis in dogs under field conditions. Thirty-one client-owned dogs with flea allergic dermatitis were treated with three monthly applications of 10 per cent fipronil solution. Flea counts and pruritus were significantly reduced at all post-treatment visits. At the final visit, on day 90, flea counts were reduced by 98 per cent, and pruritus was reduced or eliminated in 84 per cent of the study dogs. Dermatological lesion scores for erythema, crusts, scales and papules were also significantly improved by the final visit. The overall assessment of efficacy on day 90 was,excellent'to,good'for 87 per cent of the study dogs. The results demonstrate that treatment with monthly topical applications of 10 per cent fipronil solution is effective in reducing the prevalence and severity of signs of flea allergic dermatitis in dogs. [source] Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia and severe thrombocytopenia in dogs: 12 cases (2001,2008)JOURNAL OF VETERINARY EMERGENCY AND CRITICAL CARE, Issue 3 2010Elizabeth S. Orcutt DVM Abstract Objective , To identify and characterize the syndrome of immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) with concurrent severe thrombocytopenia (,15.0 × 109 platelets/L; [15.0 × 103 platelets/,L]), and to evaluate prognostic factors, clinicopathologic findings, complications, treatment, outcome, and survival of dogs with this hematologic disorder. Design , Retrospective, observational study. Setting , Veterinary teaching hospital. Animals , Twelve client-owned dogs with IMHA and severe thrombocytopenia (,15.0 × 109 platelets/L; [15.0 × 103 platelets/,L]), without evidence of overt disseminated intravascular coagulation. Interventions , The following data were recorded and analyzed from the electronic medical record: signalment, history, concurrent diseases, clinical signs at presentation, clinicopathologic data, diagnostic testing, radiographic findings, treatment modalities, length of hospitalization, complications, and clinical outcome. All dogs were treated with immunosuppressive doses of corticosteroids. Measurements and Main Results , Twelve dogs were identified with the diagnosis of IMHA and severe thrombocytopenia; of these, 9 (75%) survived, 3 (25%) were euthanized, and none died. Dogs that survived were significantly younger than nonsurvivors (P=0.03). There were no specific clinical signs or therapies associated with survival. Conclusions , Dogs in this study had a mortality rate similar to reported rates for dogs with either disease alone. Overall, younger dogs were more likely to survive. No association between different treatment modalities and overall survival was identified. [source] Dose-Titration Effects of Fish Oil in Osteoarthritic DogsJOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 5 2010D. Fritsch Background: Food supplemented with fish oil improves clinical signs and weight bearing in dogs with osteoarthritis (OA). Objective: Determine whether increasing the amount of fish oil in food provides additional symptomatic improvements in OA. Animals: One hundred and seventy-seven client-owned dogs with stable chronic OA of the hip or stifle. Methods: Prospective, randomized clinical trial using pet dogs. Dogs were randomly assigned to receive the baseline therapeutic food (0.8% eicosopentanoic acid [EPA] + docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]) or experimental foods containing approximately 2- and 3-fold higher EPA+DHA concentrations. Both veterinarians and owners were blinded as to which food the dog received. On days 0, 21, 45, and 90, serum fatty acid concentrations were measured and veterinarians assessed the severity of 5 clinical signs of OA. At the end of the study (day 90), veterinarians scored overall arthritic condition and progression of arthritis based on their clinical signs and an owner interview. Results: Serum concentrations of EPA and DHA rose in parallel with food concentrations. For 2 of 5 clinical signs (lameness and weight bearing) and for overall arthritic condition and progression of arthritis, there was a significant improvement between the baseline and 3X EPA+DHA foods (P=.04, .03, .001, .0008, respectively) but not between the baseline and the 2X EPA+DHA foods. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Increasing the amount of fish oil beyond that in the baseline food results in dose-dependent increases in serum EPA and DHA concentrations and modest improvements in the clinical signs of OA in pet dogs. [source] Hepatic Volume Measurements in Dogs with Extrahepatic Congenital Portosystemic Shunts before and after Surgical AttenuationJOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 1 2010A. Kummeling Background: In dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts (CPSS), the ability of the hypoplastic liver to grow is considered important for recovery after surgical shunt attenuation. Objectives: This study investigated hepatic growth after extrahepatic shunt attenuation in dogs using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT). Animals: Ten client-owned dogs with single extrahepatic CPSS. Methods: Abdominal MRI, CT, or both were performed before and 8 days, 1, and 2 months after shunt attenuation. Liver volumes were calculated from the areas of the MRI or CT images. Results: Before surgery, median liver volume was 18.2 cm3/kg body weight. Liver volume increased significantly after surgery. Growth was highest between days 0 and 8 and decreased afterward. Median liver volume was 28.8 cm3/kg at 2 months after attenuation. No significant differences in growth were found between dogs with complete or partial shunt closure or between dogs with complete or incomplete metabolic recovery. Volumes measured from consecutively performed MRI and CT images correlated well (r= 0.980), but volumes from MRI images were significantly larger than volumes from CT images (6.8%; P= .008). Conclusion and Clinical Importance: After shunt attenuation, rapid normalization of liver size was observed. Hepatic growth was not decreased in dogs after partial closure of CPSS or in dogs with subclinical, persistent shunting 2 months after surgery. CT is the preferred imaging method for volumetric estimation because of speed. [source] Cardiac Troponin I Is Associated with Severity of Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease, Age, and C-Reactive Protein in DogsJOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 1 2010I. Ljungvall Background: Concentrations of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and C-reactive protein (CRP) might be associated with cardiac remodeling in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). Age- and sex-dependent variations in cTnI concentration have been described. Objective: To investigate whether plasma concentrations of cTnI and CRP are associated with severity of MMVD, and investigate potential associations of dog characteristics on cTnI and CRP concentrations. Animals: Eighty-one client-owned dogs with MMVD of varying severity. Methods: Dogs were prospectively recruited for the study. Dogs were classified according to severity of MMVD. Plasma cTnI was analyzed by a high sensitivity cTnI assay with a lower limit of detection of 0.001 ng/mL, and plasma CRP was analyzed by a canine-specific CRP ELISA. Results: Higher cTnI concentrations were detected in dogs with moderate (0.014 [interquartile range 0.008,0.029] ng/mL, P= .0011) and severe (0.043 [0.031,0.087] ng/mL, P < .0001) MMVD, compared with healthy dogs (0.001 [0.001,0.004] ng/mL). Dogs with severe MMVD also had higher cTnI concentrations than dogs with mild (0.003 [0.001,0.024] ng/mL, P < .0001) and moderate (P= .0019) MMVD. There were significant associations of age, CRP, heart rate, and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, on cTnI concentration C-reactive protein did not differ among severity groups, but was significantly associated with cTnI, breed, and systolic blood pressure on CRP concentration. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Analysis of cTnI concentration has potential to increase knowledge of overall cardiac remodeling in dogs with MMVD. However, effect of age on cTnI needs consideration when assessing cTnI. [source] Evaluation of Pimobendan and N-Terminal Probrain Natriuretic Peptide in the Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension Secondary to Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease in DogsJOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 6 2009K.J. Atkinson Background: Pimobendan is a positive inotrope and vasodilator that may be useful in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension (PHT) secondary to degenerative mitral valve disease. Hypothesis: Pimobendan decreases the severity of PHT measured echocardiographically and improves quality-of-life scores. Changes in N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentrations will reflect improvement in severity of PHT. Animals: Ten client-owned dogs with peak tricuspid regurgitant flow velocity (TRFV) ,3.5 m/s. Methods: Prospective short-term, double-blinded, crossover design, with a long-term, open-label component. Short term, dogs were randomly allocated to receive either placebo or pimobendan (0.18,0.3 mg/kg PO q12 h) for 14 days. After a 1-week washout, they received the alternative treatment for 14 days, followed by pimobendan open-label for 8 weeks. Results: Short-term comparison: peak TRFV decreased in all dogs on pimobendan compared with placebo from a median of 4.40 (range, 3.2,5.6) to 3.75 (range, 2.4,4.8) m/s (P < .0001). NT-proBNP concentration decreased after treatment with pimobendan from a median of 2,143 (range, 450,3,981) to 1,329 (range, 123,2,411) pmol/L (P= .0009). All dogs improved their quality-of-life score (P= .006). In the long-term comparisons, peak TRFV decreased in all dogs from a median of 4.28 (range, 3.5,5.7) to 3.52 (range, 2.4,5.0) m/s (P < .0001). No significant changes in NT-proBNP or quality-of-life scores were detected. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Pimobendan lowered severity of measurable PHT, improved quality-of-life scores, and decreased NT-proBNP concentrations short-term. Long term, only the reduction in TRFV was maintained. [source] Steroid Responsive Meningitis-Arteritis: A Prospective Study of Potential Disease Markers, Prednisolone Treatment, and Long-Term Outcome in 20 Dogs (2006,2008)JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 4 2009M. Lowrie Background: Previous multidrug studies have identified the value of prednisolone in treating steroid responsive meningitis-arteritis (SRMA) and the potential value of acute phase proteins (APPs) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) in diagnosis and monitoring. Hypothesis: (1) Prednisolone monotherapy is a successful immunosuppressive modality in the treatment of SRMA; (2) protein markers are useful in identifying the potential for relapse. Animals: Twenty client-owned dogs with SRMA presented to the University of Glasgow Small Animal Hospital between May 2006 and May 2008. Methods: A prospective, observational study: CBC, biochemistry, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analyses were performed. C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid-A, ,-1-acid glycoprotein, and haptoglobin (Hp) were assessed in the serum. IgA concentrations were determined in the serum and CSF. Results: Clinical resolution of SRMA was achieved in all 20 dogs. Serum CRP concentration remained increased at remission in 16/20 dogs whereas CSF cytology was within normal limits in 20/20 dogs. Serum APPs decreased significantly on treatment (P < .05) except Hp, which remained unaltered. Serum and CSF IgA concentrations remained increased for the duration of treatment. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: The prednisolone regimen presented was successful in treating SRMA without the need for additional drugs. Serum APPs are of use in the diagnosis and management of SRMA, particularly in relation to identifying relapse. Serum and CSF IgA concentrations remain increased throughout disease, aiding in diagnosis but not contributing to the management of SRMA. [source] Combination Therapy with Digoxin and Diltiazem Controls Ventricular Rate in Chronic Atrial Fibrillation in Dogs Better than Digoxin or Diltiazem Monotherapy: A Randomized Crossover Study in 18 DogsJOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 3 2009A.R.M. Gelzer Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) with excessively high ventricular rates (VR) occurs in dogs with advanced heart disease. Rate control improves clinical signs in these patients. Optimal drug therapy and target VR remain poorly defined. Hypothesis: Digoxin-diltiazem combination therapy reduces VR more than either drug alone in dogs with high VR AF. Animals: Eighteen client-owned dogs (>15 kg) with advanced heart disease, AF, and average VR on 24-hour Holter > 140 beats per minute (bpm). Methods: After baseline Holter recording, dogs were randomized to digoxin or diltiazem monotherapy, or combination therapy. Repeat Holter evaluation was obtained after 2 weeks; dogs were then crossed over to the other arm (monotherapy or combination therapy) for 2 weeks and a third Holter was acquired. Twenty-four hour average VR, absolute and relative VR changes from baseline, and percent time spent within prespecified VR ranges (>140, 100,140, and <100 bpm) were compared. Correlations between serum drug concentrations and VR were examined. Results: Digoxin (median, 164 bpm) and diltiazem (median, 158 bpm) decreased VR from baseline (median, 194 bpm) less than the digoxin-diltiazem combination (median, 126 bpm) (P < .008 for each comparison). With digoxin-diltiazem, VR remained <140 bpm for 85% of the recording period, but remained >140 bpm for 88% of the recording period with either monotherapy. Serum drug concentrations did not correlate with VR. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: At the dosages used in this study, digoxin-diltiazem combination therapy provided a greater rate control than either drug alone in dogs with AF. [source] Effect of Pimobendan or Benazepril Hydrochloride on Survival Times in Dogs with Congestive Heart Failure Caused by Naturally Occurring Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease: The QUEST StudyJOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 5 2008J. Häggström Background: Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) continues to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality in geriatric dogs despite conventional therapy. Hypothesis: Pimobendan in addition to conventional therapy will extend time to sudden cardiac death, euthanasia for cardiac reasons, or treatment failure when compared with conventional therapy plus benazepril in dogs with congestive heart failure (CHF) attributable to MMVD. Animals: Two hundred and sixty client-owned dogs in CHF caused by MMVD were recruited from 28 centers in Europe, Canada, and Australia. Methods: A prospective single-blinded study with dogs randomized to PO receive pimobendan (0.4,0.6 mg/kg/d) or benazepril hydrochloride (0.25,1.0 mg/kg/d). The primary endpoint was a composite of cardiac death, euthanized for heart failure, or treatment failure. Results: Eight dogs were excluded from analysis. One hundred and twenty-four dogs were randomized to pimobendan and 128 to benazepril. One hundred and ninety dogs reached the primary endpoint; the median time was 188 days (267 days for pimobendan, 140 days for benazepril hazard ratio = 0.688, 95% confidence limits [CL] = 0.516,0.916, P= .0099). The benefit of pimobendan persisted after adjusting for all baseline variables. A longer time to reach the endpoint was also associated with being a Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, requiring a lower furosemide dose, and having a higher creatinine concentration. Increases in several indicators of cardiac enlargement (left atrial to aortic root ratio, vertebral heart scale, and percentage increase in left ventricular internal diameter in systole) were associated with a shorter time to endpoint, as was a worse tolerance for exercise. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Pimobendan plus conventional therapy prolongs time to sudden death, euthanasia for cardiac reasons, or treatment failure in dogs with CHF caused by MMVD compared with benazepril plus conventional therapy. [source] Stage Migration in Dogs with LymphomaJOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 5 2007Andrea B. Flory Background: Various diagnostic tests have been used to assign a clinical stage to dogs with lymphoma. As more sensitive staging methods are introduced, dogs are reclassified as having a higher disease stage, thereby affecting comparisons of dogs across differently staged clinical trials, and possibly, prognosis. Hypothesis: The addition of more sensitive staging tests causes stage migration in dogs with lymphoma. Animals: Fifty-nine client-owned dogs with previously untreated cytologically or histologically confirmed lymphoma Methods: For every dog, the World Health Organization stage classification (I-V) was based on 5 groupings of various diagnostic tests: A (physical examination [PE] and quantitative blood count [QBC]), B (PE, QBC, thoracic and abdominal radiographs), C (PE, complete blood count with blood-smear evaluation [CBC], thoracic and abdominal radiographs), D (PE, CBC, thoracic radiographs, abdominal ultrasound), and E (PE, CBC, thoracic radiographs, abdominal ultrasound, and bone-marrow cytology). Dogs were treated with doxorubicin-based protocols. Results: There was migration between all of the staging methods except D to E. However, the stage was not a predictor of remission rate, remission duration, or survival, regardless of staging method used. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: These data emphasized the need for standardized methods to determine the clinical stage in dogs with lymphoma. [source] Biochemical Analysis of Pericardial Fluid and Whole Blood in Dogs with Pericardial EffusionJOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 6 2005Armelle M. de Laforcade Studies evaluating pericardial fluid analysis in dogs to determine the etiology of pericardial effusions have yielded conflicting results. The purpose of this prospective study was to compare acid-base status, electrolyte concentrations, glucose, and lactate of pericardial fluid to peripheral blood from dogs with pericardial effusion and to compare these variables between dogs with neoplastic and nonneoplastic pericardial effusion. Acid-base status, electrolyte concentrations, glucose, hematocrit, urea nitrogen, and lactate concentrations were evaluated in peripheral blood samples and in pericardial effusion samples of 41 client-owned dogs with pericardial effusion. Common abnormal findings in the peripheral blood of dogs with pericardial effusion included hyperlactatemia (n = 38 [of 41]; 93%), hyponatremia (n = 25/41; 61%), hyperglycemia (n = 13/41; 32%), and hypermagnesemia (n = 13/41; 32%). Bicarbonate, sodium, ionized calcium, glucose, and hematocrit were all significantly lower in the pericardial fluid compared with peripheral blood, whereas lactate, chloride, and PCO2 were significantly higher in the pericardial fluid. When comparing the concentrations of variables in the pericardial fluid of dogs with neoplasia (n = 28) to those without neoplasia (n = 13), pH, bicarbonate, and chloride were significantly lower in dogs with neoplasia, whereas lactate, hematocrit, and urea nitrogen were significantly higher in the pericardial fluid of dogs with neoplasia. The difference between peripheral and pericardial glucose concentrations was significantly larger in dogs with neoplasia than in dogs without neoplasia. Although differences between variables in dogs with neoplastic and nonneoplastic pericardial effusion were documented, clinical relevance is likely limited by the degree of overlap between the 2 groups. [source] Cosegregation of a Factor VIII Microsatellite Marker with Mild Hemophilia A in Golden Retriever DogsJOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 2 2005Marjory B. Brooks Mild hemophilia A (factor VIII deficiency) was diagnosed in Golden Retrievers and pedigree studies were undertaken to test the cosegregation of an intragenic factor VIII marker with the disease phenotype. The study population consisted of 30 client-owned dogs (22 males and 8 females). Hemophilic males (n = 12) typically demonstrated prolonged bleeding after trauma or surgery rather than spontaneous hemorrhagic events. The affected males had a proportionate reduction in factor VIII coagulant activity (mean FVIII:C = 4%) and factor VIII protein concentration (mean FVIII:Ag = 3%). Twenty-five dogs (10 affected males, 8 clear males, 2 obligate carrier dams, and 5 suspect carrier daughters) were genotyped for a factor VIII microsatellite marker, with allele size assigned by an automated capillary electrophoresis system. Five distinct marker alleles were present in the study pedigree and a 300-base pair allele was found to segregate with the hemophilia A phenotype. The inheritance of the hemophilia-associated allele defined carrier status for 5 suspect daughters of obligate carrier dams. The limitations inherent to linkage analyses (ie, lack of access to key family members and homozygosity at the marker locus) did not preclude carrier detection in this pedigree. We conclude that genotype analysis for the intragenic factor VIII marker can aid in control of canine hemophilia A through enhanced carrier detection. [source] Modified De Vita pinning technique for the management of canine hip luxation: preliminary findingsAUSTRALIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL, Issue 8 2000IH DOUGLAS Objective To describe for the first time a modification of the De Vita pinning technique to manage hip luxation in the dog and to assess its use in a preliminary study. Design A prospective, clinical study using five client-owned dogs with naturally occurring injuries. Procedure A modified De Vita pinning technique was employed, using a nonthreaded Steinmann pin to reduce the risk of trauma to the sciatic nerve during pin insertion. The pin was anchored by implanted Kirschner-Ehmer clamps in an attempt to lower the risk of postoperative pin migration. Results Surgical outcome was very favourable with respect to pain on manipulation, restriction of range of movement and lameness in all dogs as assessed by veterinary examination. In four of five dogs, owners also reported normal movement at rest, walk and trot. The fifth dog was lost to follow-up. Conclusion This preliminary study found that a modified De Vita pinning technique was useful in dogs with uni and bilateral hip luxation and hip luxation in the presence of other limb injuries. The modified technique may provide a sound surgical alternative to existing procedures. The described modification allows the use of a nonthreaded pin and also substantially reduces the risk of postoperative pin migration. [source] | ||||||||||