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Chinese Ethnicity (chinese + ethnicity)
Selected AbstractsInteractive effect of retinopathy and macroalbuminuria on all-cause mortality, cardiovascular and renal end points in Chinese patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitusDIABETIC MEDICINE, Issue 7 2007P. C. Y. Tong Abstract Aims To examine the effect of albuminuria and retinopathy on the risk of cardiovascular and renal events, and all-cause mortality in patients with Type 2 diabetes. Methods A post-hoc analysis of 4416 Chinese patients without macrovascular complications at baseline (age 57.6 ± 13.3 years). Glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was estimated by the abbreviated Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group Formula, further adjusted for Chinese ethnicity. Clinical end points were all-cause mortality, cardiovascular events (heart failure or angina, myocardial infarction, lower limb amputation, re-vascularization procedures and stroke) and renal end points (reduction in eGFR by more than 50% or eGFR < 15 ml/min/1.73 m2 or death as a result of renal causes or need for dialysis). Results Compared with individuals without complications, subjects with retinopathy and macroalbuminuria had higher rates of cardiovascular events (14.1 vs. 2.4%), renal events (40.0 vs. 0.8%) and death (9.3 vs. 1.7%, P < 0.001). For composite event of death, cardiovascular and renal events, the presence of retinopathy, microalbuminuria alone, macroalbuminuria alone, retinopathy with microalbuminuria or retinopathy with macroalbuminuria increased the risk [hazard ratio (95% CI)] by 1.61 (1.05 to 2.47; P = 0.04), 1.93 (1.38 to 2.69; P < 0.001), 4.34 (3.02 to 6.22; P < 0.001), 2.59 [1.76 to 3.81; P < 0.001) and 6.83 (4.89 to 9.55; P < 0.001) fold, respectively. The relative excess risk as a result of interaction between retinopathy and macroalbuminuria was 15.31, implying biological interaction in the development of renal events. Conclusions In Chinese patients with Type 2 diabetes, retinopathy interacts with macroalbuminuria to increase the risk of composite cardio-renal events. [source] A genome-wide quantitative trait loci scan of neurocognitive performances in families with schizophreniaGENES, BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR, Issue 7 2010Y.-J. Lien Patients with schizophrenia frequently display neurocognitive dysfunction, and genetic studies suggest it to be an endophenotype for schizophrenia. Genetic studies of such traits may thus help elucidate the biological pathways underlying genetic susceptibility to schizophrenia. This study aimed to identify loci influencing neurocognitive performance in schizophrenia. The sample comprised of 1207 affected individuals and 1035 unaffected individuals of Han Chinese ethnicity from 557 sib-pair families co-affected with DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fourth Edition) schizophrenia. Subjects completed a face-to-face semi-structured interview, the continuous performance test (CPT) and the Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST), and were genotyped with 386 microsatellite markers across the genome. A series of autosomal genome-wide multipoint nonparametric quantitative trait loci (QTL) linkage analysis were performed in affected individuals only. Determination of genome-wide empirical significance was performed using 1000 simulated genome scans. One linkage peak attaining genome-wide significance was identified: 12q24.32 for undegraded CPT hit rate [nonparametric linkage z (NPL-Z) scores = 3.32, genome-wide empirical P = 0.03]. This result was higher than the peak linkage signal obtained in the previous genome-wide scan using a dichotomous diagnosis of schizophrenia. The identification of 12q24.32 as a QTL has not been consistently implicated in previous linkage studies on schizophrenia, which suggests that the analysis of endophenotypes provides additional information from what is seen in analyses that rely on diagnoses. This region with linkage to a particular neurocognitive feature may inform functional hypotheses for further genetic studies for schizophrenia. [source] Burden of stroke in Brunei DarussalamINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STROKE, Issue 5 2009S. H. Nainar Brunei Darussalam, located on the north-west coast of Borneo, has a total area of 5765 km2 (1). Divided into four districts , Brunei-Muara, Belait, Temburong and Tutong with the majority of the population living in the Brunei-Muara District, approximately 74% of the population is urban with an overall population of 390 000, male/female ratio 1·13 : 1 (2). The main ethnic group is Malay (66·6%), which comprises the different Brunei indigenous communities of Malay, Belait, Bisaya, Brunei, Dusun, Kedayan, Murut and Tutong. Chinese ethnicity comprises 11% while other undefined ethnicities 22·4%. Approximately, 39·2% are aged below 19 years, 2·8% over 65 years with a median age of 26 years. Brunei's gross national income per capita (PPP international $) is 49 900 (3). [source] CHARACTERISTIC OF GASTRIC CANCER IN INDONESIA: THE ROLE OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTIONJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 12 2000Murdani Abdullah Background Gastric cancer is the second most common fatal malignancy in the world. In 1996, approximately one million new cases of gastric cancer were found. It is generally agreed that the pathogenesis is multifactorial which may include, dietary factors, environmental factors, bacterial and viral infections. Aim to evaluate the frequent of gastric cancer in Indonesia and itís relating factors. Methods A sample size of 7902 subjects were determined based on hospital data of dyspeptic patients following gastroduodenoscopy procedure from January 1997 to September 1999. Patients were recruited from 9 endoscopic centers located in 5 cities in Indonesia. Endoscopic biopsy specimens were taken 2 specimens from the antrum (2 cm from pylorus) and 2 specimens from the corpus. Helicobacter pylori infections were determined by serology (ELISA), rapid urea test (CLO test), or histopathology examination using Haematoxyline Eosin and Giemsa staining. The criteria used to diagnose Helicobacter pylori infection were a positive result either from one of these tests and/or in combination. Results The frequent of proximal gastric cancer and distal gastric cancer finding were 0.63 % and 0.54 %, consecutively. In the proximal and distal gastric cancer groups the present of Helicobacter pylori were 55.77 % and 85.36 %, consecutively (p>0.05). The finding of gastric cancer among ethnic groups were 0.65 % for Chinese ethnicity and 0.81 % for Non-Chinese ethnicity, statistically has no significant different (p=0,9514). The distal-to-proximal gastric cancer ratio was 0.85. The proximal gastric cancer more frequent to be found in the age group of 41-60 years old (47.83%), while the distal gastric cancer in the age group of 51-70 years old (61.54%). Conclusion The distal-to-proximal gastric cancer ratio was 0.85. The present of Helicobacter pylori were lower in proximal gastric cancer rather than distal gastric cancer, but statistically has of no significant. [source] British-born Chinese teenagers: The influence of Chinese ethnicity on their attitudes towards sexual behaviorNURSING & HEALTH SCIENCES, Issue 1 2007Juping Yu msc Abstract, This paper explores the influence of ethnicity on attitudes towards sexual behavior of British-born Chinese teenagers. Using an ethnographic approach and snowball sampling, data were collected through in-depth interviews with 20 British-born Chinese teenagers and 20 Chinese-born parents. The parents highlighted the influence of Chinese culture and religion on their sexual values and wanted to convey these values to their children. Although direct communication about sex-related topics was rare within these families because of a number of barriers, the parents used other strategies to pass on their values. The paper concludes that sexual values within families and the influence of culture need to be considered in order to provide culturally competent health services. Chinese parents need extra support and help to discuss sex-related topics and pass on their values, which encourage teenage sexual abstinence. Considering the fundamental influence of the parents, this support will be crucial. [source] | ||||||||||