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Chinese Characters (chinese + character)
Selected AbstractsComplexity Analysis Based on Image-Processing Method and Pixelized Recognition of Chinese Characters Using Simulated Prosthetic VisionARTIFICIAL ORGANS, Issue 1 2010Kun Yang Abstract The influence of complexity and minimum resolution necessary for recognition of pixelized Chinese characters (CCs) was investigated by using simulated prosthetic vision. An image-processing method was used to evaluate the complexity of CCs, which is defined as the frequency of black pixels and analyzed by black pixel statistic complexity algorithm. A total of 631 most commonly used CCs that can deliver 80% of the information in Chinese daily reading were chosen as the testing database in order to avoid the negative effect due to illegibility and incognizance. CCs in Hei font style were captured as images and pixelized as 6 × 6, 8 × 8, 10 × 10, and 12 × 12 pixel arrays with square dots. Recognition accuracy of CCs with different complexity and different numbers of pixel arrays was tested by using simulated prosthetic vision. The results indicate that both pixel array number and complexity have significant impact on pixelized reading of CCs. Recognition accuracy of pixelized CCs drops with the increase of complexity and the decrease of pixel number. More than 80% of CCs with any complexity can be recognized correctly; 10 × 10 pixel array can sufficiently provide pixelized reading of CCs for visual prosthesis. Pixelized reading of CCs with low resolution is possible only for characters with low complexity (complexity less than 0.16 for a 6 × 6 pixel array and less than 0.24 for an 8 × 8 pixel array). [source] Recognition of Pixelized Chinese Characters Using Simulated Prosthetic VisionARTIFICIAL ORGANS, Issue 3 2007Xinyu Chai Abstract:, The rehabilitation of the reading ability of the blind with a limited number of stimulating electrodes is regarded as one of the major functions of the envisioned visual prosthesis. This article systematically studied how many pixels of individual Chinese characters should be needed for correct and economic recognition by blind Chinese subjects. In this study, 40 normal-sighted subjects were tested on a self-developed platform HanziConvertor (Institute for Laser Medicine & Bio-photonics, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China) with digital imaging processing capacities to convert images of printed text into various pixelized patterns made up of discrete dots, and present them orderly on a computer screen. It was found that various complicated factors such as pixel number, character typeface, stroke number, etc., can obviously affect the recognition accuracy. It was also found that optimal recognition accuracy occurs at a specific size of binary pixel array, due to a trade-off between a strictly limited number of stimulation electrodes and character sampling resolution. The results showed that (i) recognition accuracy of pixelized characters is optimal with at least 12 × 12 binary pixels, and therefore it is recommended to apply a minimum of 150 discrete and functioning electrodes for restoring the reading ability of blind Chinese individuals in the visual prosthesis; (ii) fonts of Song Ti and Hei Ti are clearer and more effective than other typefaces; and (iii) characters with fewer strokes lead to better accuracy. [source] New ocular movement detector system as a communication tool in ventilator-assisted Werdnig-Hoffmann diseaseDEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE & CHILD NEUROLOGY, Issue 1 2000Masaya Kubota MD; A non-contact communication system was developed for a ventilator-assisted patient with Werdnig-Hoffmann disease who had lost all voluntary movements except for those of the eye. The system detects the extraocular movements and converts them to either a,yes'signal (produced by one lateral eyeball movement) or a,no'signal (produced by two successive lateral eyeball movements) using a video camera placed outside the patient's visual field. The patient is thus able to concentrate on performing a task without any intrusion from the detection system. Once the setting conditions of the device have been selected, there is no need for any resetting, as the patient is unable to move his body. In addition to playing television games, the child can use the device to select television channels, compose music, and learn written Japanese and Chinese characters. This seems to broaden the patient's daily world and promote mental development. [source] Auditory and speech processing and reading development in Chinese school children: behavioural and ERP evidenceDYSLEXIA, Issue 4 2005Xiangzhi Meng Abstract By measuring behavioural performance and event-related potentials (ERPs) this study investigated the extent to which Chinese school children's reading development is influenced by their skills in auditory, speech, and temporal processing. In Experiment 1, 102 normal school children's performance in pure tone temporal order judgment, tone frequency discrimination, temporal interval discrimination and composite tone pattern discrimination was measured. Results showed that children's auditory processing skills correlated significantly with their reading fluency, phonological awareness, word naming latency, and the number of Chinese characters learned. Regression analyses found that tone temporal order judgment, temporal interval discrimination and composite tone pattern discrimination could account for 32% of variance in phonological awareness. Controlling for the effect of phonological awareness, auditory processing measures still contributed significantly to variance in reading fluency and character naming. In Experiment 2, mismatch negativities (MMN) in event-related brain potentials were recorded from dyslexic children and the matched normal children, while these children listened passively to Chinese syllables and auditory stimuli composed of pure tones. The two groups of children did not differ in MMN to stimuli deviated in pure tone frequency and Chinese lexical tones. But dyslexic children showed smaller MMN to stimuli deviated in initial consonants or vowels of Chinese syllables and to stimuli deviated in temporal information of composite tone patterns. These results suggested that Chinese dyslexic children have deficits in auditory temporal processing as well as in linguistic processing and that auditory and temporal processing is possibly as important to reading development of children in a logographic writing system as in an alphabetic system. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Fast High-Temperature Response of Carbon Nanotube Film and Its Application as an Incandescent DisplayADVANCED MATERIALS, Issue 35 2009Peng Liu Super aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) film shows a fast high-temperature response: the film can be heated to incandescence and cools down in about 1 ms. Using screen printing and laser cutting, an incandescent CNT film array that can dynamically display Chinese characters is fabricated. More applications of the film may be developed based on its fast response. [source] Micro-fabrication and monitoring of three-dimensional microstructures based on laser-induced thermoplastic formationMICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE, Issue 10 2009Leyan Wang Abstract This article reports a novel laser-induced micro-fabrication method and its monitoring system for three-dimensional (3D) microstructures. The mechanism of the method is that a small zone of thermoplastic material melted by laser heating grows in liquid surrounding environment, solidifying into a convex microstructure, such as micro-dot or micro-pillar. A laser diode (808 nm) with maximum power output of 130 mW is used as power source, and a kind of paraffin mixed with stearic acid and paint serves as the thermoplastic material for 3D microstructure formation experiments. A light microscope system consisting of a charge-coupled device (CCD) and a computer is utilized to realize real-time observation of the micro-fabricating process. The distribution of local temperature rise on material surface created by laser irradiation is simulated. The effects of liquid environment on microstructure formation have been theoretically analyzed and experimentally studied. Experiments are further carried out to investigate the relationship between laser spot and fabricated microstructures. The results indicate that the widths of micro-dots or micro-pillars are mostly determined by the size of focal spot, and their heights increase with the enlargement of laser power density. With this method, a micro-dot array of Chinese characters meaning "China" has been successfully fabricated through computer programming. This method has the advantages of implementing direct, mask-less, real-time and inexpensive 3D microstructure fabrication. Therefore, it would be widely applied in the fields of micro/nano-technology for practical fabrication of different kinds of 3D microstructures. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Complexity Analysis Based on Image-Processing Method and Pixelized Recognition of Chinese Characters Using Simulated Prosthetic VisionARTIFICIAL ORGANS, Issue 1 2010Kun Yang Abstract The influence of complexity and minimum resolution necessary for recognition of pixelized Chinese characters (CCs) was investigated by using simulated prosthetic vision. An image-processing method was used to evaluate the complexity of CCs, which is defined as the frequency of black pixels and analyzed by black pixel statistic complexity algorithm. A total of 631 most commonly used CCs that can deliver 80% of the information in Chinese daily reading were chosen as the testing database in order to avoid the negative effect due to illegibility and incognizance. CCs in Hei font style were captured as images and pixelized as 6 × 6, 8 × 8, 10 × 10, and 12 × 12 pixel arrays with square dots. Recognition accuracy of CCs with different complexity and different numbers of pixel arrays was tested by using simulated prosthetic vision. The results indicate that both pixel array number and complexity have significant impact on pixelized reading of CCs. Recognition accuracy of pixelized CCs drops with the increase of complexity and the decrease of pixel number. More than 80% of CCs with any complexity can be recognized correctly; 10 × 10 pixel array can sufficiently provide pixelized reading of CCs for visual prosthesis. Pixelized reading of CCs with low resolution is possible only for characters with low complexity (complexity less than 0.16 for a 6 × 6 pixel array and less than 0.24 for an 8 × 8 pixel array). [source] Recognition of Pixelized Chinese Characters Using Simulated Prosthetic VisionARTIFICIAL ORGANS, Issue 3 2007Xinyu Chai Abstract:, The rehabilitation of the reading ability of the blind with a limited number of stimulating electrodes is regarded as one of the major functions of the envisioned visual prosthesis. This article systematically studied how many pixels of individual Chinese characters should be needed for correct and economic recognition by blind Chinese subjects. In this study, 40 normal-sighted subjects were tested on a self-developed platform HanziConvertor (Institute for Laser Medicine & Bio-photonics, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China) with digital imaging processing capacities to convert images of printed text into various pixelized patterns made up of discrete dots, and present them orderly on a computer screen. It was found that various complicated factors such as pixel number, character typeface, stroke number, etc., can obviously affect the recognition accuracy. It was also found that optimal recognition accuracy occurs at a specific size of binary pixel array, due to a trade-off between a strictly limited number of stimulation electrodes and character sampling resolution. The results showed that (i) recognition accuracy of pixelized characters is optimal with at least 12 × 12 binary pixels, and therefore it is recommended to apply a minimum of 150 discrete and functioning electrodes for restoring the reading ability of blind Chinese individuals in the visual prosthesis; (ii) fonts of Song Ti and Hei Ti are clearer and more effective than other typefaces; and (iii) characters with fewer strokes lead to better accuracy. [source] | ||||||||||