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Chemokine Family (chemokine + family)
Selected AbstractsResin comparison and fast automated stepwise conventional synthesis of human SDF-1,JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE SCIENCE, Issue 12 2008Hirendra Patel Abstract Human SDF-1, contains 68 amino acids and is a member of the chemokine family of peptides. This long peptide was synthesized stepwise using classical conditions in 101 h. The reaction times were then reduced to deprotection times of 2 × 2 min and coupling times of 2 × 2.5 min, resulting in a total synthesis time of 22 h. The effect of different resins, resin substitutions and deprotection reagents on the crude peptide purities was compared. A small portion of crude peptide was purified using an RP-HPLC column and the mass of the final product was confirmed with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Copyright © 2008 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Chemokine Receptor 2 (CCR2) in Atherosclerosis, Infectious Diseases, and Regulation of T-Cell PolarizationMICROCIRCULATION, Issue 3-4 2003ISRAEL F. CHARO ABSTRACT Infiltration of tissues by monocyte-derived macrophages is a prominent component of a wide-range of diseases, including atherosclerosis, glomerulonephritis, encephalitis, infectious diseases, and virtually all syndromes characterized by chronic inflammation. The molecular signals responsible for this directed migration are incompletely understood, but members of the chemokine family, especially the monocyte chemoattractant proteins (MCPs) (MCP-1 to MCP-5) are emerging as key players. Cells that respond to the MCPs do so because they express chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2), the cognate receptor. This review will summarize evidence supporting a key role for CCR2 in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, infections with intracellular pathogens, and regulation of the type I adaptive immune response. [source] Backbone dynamics of SDF-1, determined by NMR: Interpretation in the presence of monomer,dimer equilibriumPROTEIN SCIENCE, Issue 11 2006Olga K. Baryshnikova Abstract SDF-1, is a member of the chemokine family implicated in various reactions in the immune system. The interaction of SDF-1, with its receptor, CXCR4, is responsible for metastasis of a variety of cancers. SDF-1, is also known to play a role in HIV-1 pathogenesis. The structures of SDF-1, determined by NMR spectroscopy have been shown to be monomeric while X-ray structures are dimeric. Biochemical data and in vivo studies suggest that dimerization is likely to be important for the function of chemokines. We report here the dynamics of SDF-1, determined through measurement of main chain 15N NMR relaxation data. The data were obtained at several concentrations of SDF-1, and used to determine a dimerization constant of ,5 mM for a monomer,dimer equilibrium. The dimerization constant was subsequently used to extrapolate values for the relaxation data corresponding to monomeric SDF-1,. The experimental relaxation data and the extrapolated data for monomeric SDF-1, were analyzed using the model free approach. The model free analysis indicated that SDF-1, is rigid on the nano- to picosecond timescale with flexible termini. Several residues involved in the dimer interface display slow micro- to millisecond timescale motions attributable to chemical exchange such as monomer,dimer equilibrium. NMR relaxation measurements are shown to be applicable for studying oligomerization processes such as the dimerization of SDF-1,. [source] High Levels of Donor CCL2/MCP-1 Predict Graft-Related Complications and Poor Graft Survival After Kidney-Pancreas TransplantationAMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION, Issue 6 2008A. C. Ogliari In this study we analyzed the role of CCL2, a member of the chemokine family, in early graft damage. Using simultaneous kidney-pancreas transplantation (SPK) as a model, we showed that brain death significantly increases circulating CCL2 levels in humans. We found that in such situations, high donor CCL2 levels (measured before organ recovery and at the onset of cold preservation) correlate with increased postreperfusion release of CCL2 by both the graft and recipient throughout the week following transplantation (n = 28). In a retrospective study of 77 SPK recipients, we found a significant negative association between high donor levels of CCL2 and graft survival. Decreased survival in these patients is related to early posttransplant complications, including a higher incidence of pancreas thrombosis and delayed kidney function. Taken together our data indicate that high CCL2 levels in the donor serum predict both an increase in graft/recipient CCL2 production and poor graft survival. This suggests that the severity of the inflammatory response induced by brain death influences the posttransplant inflammatory response, independent of subsequent ischemia and reperfusion. [source] | |||||||||||||