			Home About us Contact

Acute Myelogenous Leukaemia (acute + myelogenous_leukaemia)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Medical Sciences	100%

Selected Abstracts

High-dose cytosine arabinoside-induced cutaneous reactions

JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY & VENEREOLOGY, Issue 5 2002
P Cetkovská
Abstract Background High-dose cytosine arabinoside (HDAC) is being used increasingly to treat haematological malignancies. The therapy is associated with various non-haematological negative side-effects, frequently involving the skin. Objective Our aim was to evaluate the actual occurrence of adverse skin reactions to HDAC over the 10-year period from 1989 to 1999. Methods One hundred and seventy-two subjects, 118 with acute myelogenous leukaemia and 54 with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, between 16 and 71 years of age were treated with 226 post-remission consolidation regimens with HDAC (54 subjects underwent two cycles of treatment). Treatment was combined with standard doses of other cytotoxic drugs. A prospective study of the skin changes was then performed. Results The overall incidence of cutaneous reactions was almost 53%, with rashes occurring in 72.7% and 40.6% of subjects who received total doses of 30 and 24 g/m2, respectively. In the group of subjects who received a second cycle of treatment not all of those who experienced exanthema after the first cycle (44.4%) experienced this reaction after the second cycle (only 33.3%). The most commonly observed reactions were morbilliform eruptions on the trunk and extremities and acral erythema, although severe reactions with swelling and generalized urticaria developed in some cases. Conclusions HDAC-induced cutaneous reactions in 53% of subjects. The skin changes were found to be dose related and most cleared spontaneously without requiring treatment. A clinical grading of cutaneous toxicity has been proposed to allow better comparison of cutaneous adverse effects in different reports. [source]

Leukaemia cutis in a patient treated for breast cancer

AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 1 2009
Sarah Weinel
SUMMARY A 47-year-old woman with a history of breast cancer presented with eruptive cutaneous nodules on the trunk and extremities. Treatment for her breast cancer had included surgery, radiation and chemotherapy with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide. Biopsy of the skin lesions revealed leukaemia cutis, which led to the discovery of acute myelogenous leukaemia. This was felt to be primarily induced by doxorubicin. Treatment included induction chemotherapy in preparation for a bone marrow transplant, which resulted in the disappearance of the cutaneous lesions. However, the patient later succumbed to her leukaemia. [source]

Low expression of interferon regulatory factor-1 and identification of novel exons skipping in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia

BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY, Issue 1 2002
Dimitrios Tzoanopoulos
Summary. Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is a malignant clonal disorder of the haematopoietic stem cell. Treatment of CML patients with interferon alpha (IFN-,) has induced haematological and cytogenetic remission. Interferons transcriptionally activate target genes through the JAK,STAT and interferon regulated factors (IRFs) family pathways. Interferon regulated factor-1 (IRF-1) is a transcriptional activator of genes critical for cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis. The skipping of exons 2 or 2 and 3 of IRF-1 in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myelogenous leukaemia suggests that this factor may have a critical role in leukaemogenesis. The role of IRF-1 in CML is currently unknown. Therefore, mutational analysis of IRF-1 was performed and its expression pattern was also studied in CML patients. We studied IRF-1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 21 patients in chronic phase CML. No point mutations were identified at the cDNA level. Surprisingly, fourfold reduction of full-length IRF-1 mRNA expression was established in 17/21 patients compared with normal individuals. Low expression of full-length IRF-1 was observed in conjunction with high levels of aberrantly spliced mRNAs, reported for the first time. In three patients who were also analysed during blastic transformation, further reduction of full-length IRF-1 mRNA was observed. These findings demonstrate that, in CML patients, IRF-1 can produce high levels of aberrant spliced mRNAs with subsequent reduction in the levels of full-length IRF-1 mRNA. This observation is consistent with the notion that exon skipping may constitute another mechanism of tumour suppressor gene inactivation in this disease. [source]

Aberrant expression of HLA-G antigen in interferon ,-stimulated acute myelogenous leukaemia

BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY, Issue 1 2000
Shinichi Mizuno
We have analysed the expression of HLA-G in 40 leukaemia samples of various subtypes [seven cases of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), 28 cases of acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML), three cases of chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) and two cases of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL)] by flow cytometry using HLA-G-specific monoclonal antibody. No leukaemia samples expressed HLA-G without incubation with interferon (IFN)-,. However, six out of 28 (21%) AML samples expressed HLA-G upon incubation with IFN-,. These six samples derived from one out of seven M2, two out of eight M4 and three out of five M5. The results indicated that AML cells, especially myelomonocytic leukaemia samples, are capable of expressing the HLA-G molecule. [source]

Characterization of apoptosis induced by protein kinase C inhibitors and its modulation by the caspase pathway in acute promyelocytic leukaemia

BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY, Issue 3 2000
Hesham M. Amin
Acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL;M3) is a unique form of acute myelogenous leukaemia characterized by t(15;17) translocation. The induction of apoptosis via inhibiting protein kinase C (PKC) has been recently viewed as a promising tool for the eradication of several malignant disorders. In the present study, we investigated the effect of two different protein kinase C inhibitors, Gö6976 and safingol, on the induction of apoptosis in the APL cell line NB4 and its all trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-resistant variant NB4.306. The effect of the PKC inhibitors on leukaemic cells obtained from three APL patients was also studied. We also evaluated the possible involvement of the caspases in apoptosis induced by PKC inhibitors. Significant time- and concentration-dependent apoptotic changes were demonstrated using Gö6976 and safingol. In addition, our results demonstrated that the caspases were involved in the apoptosis induced by the PKC inhibitors. In conclusion, our study illustrates that the PKC inhibitors Gö6976 and safingol induce apoptosis in APL and hence could be potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of this disease. [source]