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Acid Gel (acid + gel)
Kinds of Acid Gel Selected AbstractsGelation and Water Binding Properties of Transglutaminase-treated Skim Milk PowderJOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE, Issue 2 2000J.Y. Imm ABSTRACT: Transglutaminase (TGase)-treated skim milk powder (TG-SMP) was prepared by freeze-drying skim milk after TGase treatment (10 U/g milk protein, 40°C for 3 h), followed by TGase inactivation at 85°C for 5 min. TGase modification resulted in significant increases in hardness and water holding capacity (WHC) of heat-induced gels (10% protein, w/v). A marked increase in storage modulus (G,) of TG-SMP upon heating suggests that TG-SMP has a greater gelling ability than control-SMP (C-SMP) prepared with predenatured TGase. Acid gels prepared from TG-SMP had a significantly higher WHC at all solid levels (12%, 14%, and 16%) tested and formed a more elastic network than C-SMP. [source] A Randomized Trial to Determine the Influence of Laser Therapy, Monopolar Radiofrequency Treatment, and Intense Pulsed Light Therapy Administered Immediately after Hyaluronic Acid Gel ImplantationDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 5 2007MITCHEL P. GOLDMAN MD BACKGROUND Hyaluronic acid-based dermal fillers, such as hyaluronic acid gel (Restylane, Q-Medical AB, Uppsala, Sweden), are widely used for tissue augmentation of the nasolabial folds. Additional dermatologic treatments using infrared light, radiofrequency (RF), and intense pulsed light (IPL) are also important tools for facial rejuvenation. This study was designed to evaluate whether these therapies could be safely administered immediately after hyaluronic acid gel treatment without compromising the effect of the dermal filler. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to confirm or refute any possible subtractive effects of augmentation of the nasolabial folds when followed by 1,320-nm Nd:YAG laser, 1,450-nm diode laser, monopolar RF, and/or IPL treatments. METHODS Thirty-six patients with prominent nasolabial folds were treated with hyaluronic acid gel implantation on one side of the face and hyaluronic acid gel followed by one of the nonablative laser/RF/IPL therapies on the contralateral side of the face. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences between wrinkle severity or global aesthetic scores for hyaluronic acid gel implantation alone and hyaluronic acid gel with laser/RF/IPL treatment at any time point. In a small sample, histologic changes were not apparent after laser/RF/IPL treatment. CONCLUSIONS Based on this small pilot study, laser, RF, and IPL treatments can safely be administered immediately after hyaluronic acid gel implantation without reduction in overall clinical effect. [source] Rapid Development of Keratoacanthomas After a Body PeelDERMATOLOGIC SURGERY, Issue 2 2003SueEllen Cox MD Resurfacing techniques have been traditionally limited to the face because of a lack of predictability and standardization for peeling nonfacial skin. There is a need for medical and surgical intervention for treating nonfacial skin that is actinically damaged. Medium-depth chemical peels (Jessner +35% trichloroacetic acid) remove the photodamaged epidermis to stimulate the production of new collagen in the dermis and remove lesions associated with facial actinic damage, including lentigines and actinic keratoses. Widespread actinic damage is common on the arms and chest. A 70% glycolic acid gel plus 40% trichloroacetic acid peel (Cook Body Peel) is a controlled peel that predictably enables peeling of nonfacial skin in a uniform and safe fashion with specific clinical endpoints. An unusual complication of this body peel is reported. [source] Dentin surface treatment using a non-thermal argon plasma brush for interfacial bonding improvement in composite restorationEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORAL SCIENCES, Issue 5 2010Andy C. Ritts Ritts AC, Li H, Yu Q, Xu C, Yao X, Hong L, Wang Y. Dentin surface treatment using a non-thermal argon plasma brush for interfacial bonding improvement in composite restoration. Eur J Oral Sci 2010; 118: 510,516. © 2010 Eur J Oral Sci The objective of this study was to investigate the treatment effects of non-thermal atmospheric gas plasmas on dentin surfaces used for composite restoration. Extracted unerupted human third molars were prepared by removing the crowns and etching the exposed dentin surfaces with 35% phosphoric acid gel. The dentin surfaces were treated using a non-thermal atmospheric argon plasma brush for various periods of time. The molecular changes of the dentin surfaces were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry/attenuated total reflectance (FTIR/ATR), and an increase in the amount of carbonyl groups was detected on plasma-treated dentin surfaces. Adper Single Bond Plus adhesive and Filtek Z250 dental composite were applied as directed. To evaluate the dentin/composite interfacial bonding, the teeth thus prepared were sectioned into micro-bars and analyzed using tensile testing. Student,Newman,Keuls tests showed that the bonding strength of the composite restoration to peripheral dentin was significantly increased (by 64%) after 30 s of plasma treatment. However, the bonding strength to plasma-treated inner dentin did not show any improvement. It was found that plasma treatment of the peripheral dentin surface for up to 100 s resulted in an increase in the interfacial bonding strength, while prolonged plasma treatment of dentin surfaces (e.g. 5 min) resulted in a decrease in the interfacial bonding strength. [source] Long-term prognosis of crown-fractured permanent incisors.INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY, Issue 3 2000The effect of stage of root development, associated luxation injury Objectives. The aim of the present study was to investigate pulp healing responses following crown fracture with and without pulp exposure as well as with and without associated luxation injury and in relation to stage of root development. Patient material and methods. The long-term prognosis was examined for 455 permanent teeth with crown fractures, 352 (246 with associated luxation injury) without pulpal involvement and 103 (69 with associated luxation injury) with pulp exposures. Initial treatment for all patients was provided by on-call oral surgeons at the emergency service, University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen. In fractures without pulpal involvement, dentin was covered by a hard-setting calcium hydroxide cement (Dycal®), marginal enamel acid-etched (phosphoric acid gel), then covered with a temporary crown and bridge material. In the case of pulp exposure, pulp capping or partial pulpotomy was performed. Thereafter treatment was identical to the first group. Patients were then referred to their own dentist for resin composite restoration. Results. Patients were monitored for normal pulp healing or healing complications for up to 17 years after injury (x = 2·3 years, range 0·2,17·0 years, SD + 2·7). Pulp healing was registered and classified into pulp survival with no radiographic change (PS), pulp canal obliteration (PCO) and pulp necrosis (PN). Healing was related to the following clinical factors: stage of root development at the time of injury, associated damage to the periodontium at time of injury (luxation) and time interval from injury until initial treatment. Crown fractures with or without pulp exposure and no concomitant luxation injury showed PS in 99%, PCO in 1% and PN in 0%. Crown fractures with concomitant luxation showed PS in 70%, PCO in 5% and PN in 25%. An associated damage to the periodontal ligament significantly increased the likelihood of pulp necrosis from 0% to 28% (P < 0·001) in teeth with only enamel and dentin exposure and from 0% to 14% (P < 0·001) in teeth with pulp exposure. Conclusions. In the case of concomitant luxation injuries, the stage of root development played an important role in the risk of pulp necrosis after crown fracture. However, the primary factor related to pulp healing events after crown fracture appears to be compromised pulp circulation due to concomitant luxation injuries. [source] Antibiotic-containing hyaluronic acid gel as an antibacterial carrier: Usefulness of sponge and film-formed HA gel in deep infectionJOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC RESEARCH, Issue 3 2006Hiroaki Matsuno Abstract We have developed a novel bioabsorbable antibacterial carrier using hyaluronic acid (HA) gel for prevention and treatment of orthopedic infections. In this study, we investigated the in vivo antibacterial effects of two forms of this new material, an HA gel sponge and an HA gel film. A titanium cylinder was inserted into the intramedullary cavity of each rabbit femur, along with an HA gel sponge or HA gel film containing antibiotics. The HA gel sponge contained gentamycin, vancomycin, tobramycin, or minomycin. The HA gel film contained gentamycin or vancomycin. After 0, 7, and 14 days, the rabbit bone marrow was collected, and the antibacterial activity of the HA gel was determined by agar diffusion test. As a control, we used Septocoll, a commercially available antibacterial carrier. Both the HA gel sponge and HA gel film exhibited antibacterial activity. The present results indicate that HA gel containing antibiotics is a clinically useful bioabsorbable antibacterial carrier. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 24:321,326, 2006 [source] Tocopheryl acetate disposition in porcine and human skin when administered using lipid nanocarriersJOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY: AN INTERNATI ONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE, Issue 6 2010Mojgan Moddaresi Abstract Objectives Assessing the delivery of a drug into the skin when it has been formulated within a nanocarrier is a complex process that does not conform to the conventions of traditional semi-solid formulations. The aim of this study was to gain a fundamental understanding of drug disposition in both human and porcine skin when applied using a lipidic nanocarrier. Methods A model system was generated by loading tocopheryl acetate into a well-characterised solid lipid nanoparticle and formulating this system as a traditional aqueous hyaluronic acid gel. Franz diffusion cells fitted with a silicone or nylon membrane were used to assess drug and particle transport independently whilst human and pig skin were employed to determine skin delivery. Key findings The tocopheryl acetate, when loaded into the solid lipid nanoparticles, did not release from the particle. However, 1.65 ± 0.90% of an infinite dose of tocopheryl acetate penetrated into the stratum corneum of pig skin when delivered using a nanoparticle-containing gel. Conclusions These results suggest that hydration of the stratum corneum in pig skin could lead to the opening of hydrophilic pores big enough for 50 nm-sized particles to pass into the superficial layers of the skin, a phenomenon that was not repeated in human skin. [source] An In Vitro Investigation of a Comparison of Bond Strengths of Composite to Etched and Air-Abraded Human Enamel SurfacesJOURNAL OF PROSTHODONTICS, Issue 1 2006G.B. Gray BDS Purpose: The purposes of the study were to measure the tensile bond strength of composite resin to human enamel specimens that had been either etched or air-abraded, and to compare the quality of the marginal seal, through the assessment of microleakage, of composite resin to human enamel specimens that had been either etched or air-abraded. Materials and Methods: Thirty mandibular molar teeth were decoronated and sectioned mesio-distally to produce six groups, each containing ten specimens that were embedded in acrylic resin using a jig. In each of the four treatment groups, the specimen surfaces were treated by either abrasion with 27 or 50 ,m alumina at 4 mm or 20 mm distance, and a composite resin was bonded to the treated surfaces in a standardized manner. In the two control groups the specimens were treated with 15 seconds exposure to 36% phosphoric acid gel and then similarly treated before being stored in sterile water for 1 week. All specimens were then subjected to tensile bond strength testing at either 1 or 5 mm/min crosshead speed. For the microleakage study, the degree of dye penetration was measured 32 times for each treatment group, using a neutral methylene blue dye at the interface between composite and either 27 or 50 ,m air-abraded tooth structure or etched enamel surfaces. Results: The mean bond strength values recorded for Group 1 (phosphoric acid etch, 5 mm/min crosshead speed) was 25.4 MPa; Group 2 (phosphoric acid etch, 1 mm/min), 22.2 MPa; Group 3 (27 ,m alumina at 4 mm distance), 16.8 MPa; Group 4 (50 ,m alumina at 4 mm distance), 16.9 MPa; Group 5 (27 ,m alumina at 20 mm distance), 4.2 MPa; and for Group 6 (50 ,m alumina at 20 mm distance) 3.4 MPa. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) demonstrated significant differences among the groups, and a multiple comparison test (Tukey) demonstrated that conventionally etched specimens had a greater bond strength than air-abraded specimen groups. No significant difference in dye penetration could be demonstrated among the groups (p= 0.58). Conclusions: Composite resin applied to enamel surfaces prepared using an acid etch procedure exhibited higher bond strengths than those prepared with air abrasion technology. The abrasion particle size did not affect the bond strength produced, but the latter was adversely affected by the distance of the air abrasion nozzle from the enamel surface. The crosshead speed of the bond testing apparatus had no effect on the bond strengths recorded. The marginal seal of composite to prepared enamel was unaffected by the method of enamel preparation. [source] Topical 3.0% diclofenac in 2.5% hyaluronic acid gel induces regression of cancerous transformation in actinic keratosesJOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY & VENEREOLOGY, Issue 3 2010T Dirschka Abstract Background, Actinic keratoses (AKs) are frequently diagnosed in dermatological patients. As they represent in situ carcinomas, effective treatment is required. Objectives, We investigated the effect of topical 3.0% diclofenac in 2.5% hyaluronic acid gel on AK. Methods, Sixty-five patients with AKs were clinically evaluated before and after 3 months' treatment with topical 3.0% diclofenac in 2.5% hyaluronic gel. Biopsy specimens were taken and stained with haematoxylin-eosin and immunohistological markers. Specimens were evaluated for histological type of AKs using the AK classification scheme suggested by Röwert-Huber et al. [(early) in situ squamous cell carcinoma type AK Grade I,III], number of mitoses per high-power field and expression of immunohistological markers. Results, Complete clinical resolution was observed in 11 patients (16.9%). A significant (P < 0.001) downgrading of AK grade was observed. Complete histological resolution was achieved in 15 patients (23.1%). The number of mitoses per high-power field was reduced significantly (P < 0.001). The expression of anti-p53-antibody decreased significantly (P = 0.009), as did the expression of anti-MiB-1 antibody (P = 0.021). Conclusions, 3.0% diclofenac in 2.5% hyaluronic acid gel causes regression of signs of cancerous transformation after 3 months' therapy. [source] Preparation and properties investigation of PMMA/silica composites derived from silicic acidPOLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES, Issue 2 2009H. P. Fu Abstract Hybrid materials based on silicic acid and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) were prepared by in situ bulk polymerization of a silicic acid sol and MMA mixture. Silicic acid sol was obtained by tetrahydrofuran (THF) extraction of silicic acid from water. Silicic acid was prepared by hydrolysis and condensation of sodium silicate in the presence of 3.6,M HCl. As a comparative study, PMMA composites filled by silica particles, which were derived from calcining the silicic acid gel, were prepared by a comparable in situ polymerization. Each set of PMMA/silica composites was subjected to thermal and mechanical studies. Residual THF in PMMA/silicic acid composites impacted the properties of the polymer composites. With increase in silica content, the PMMA composites filled with silica particles showed improved thermal and mechanical properties, whereas a decrease in thermal stability and mechanical strength was found for PMMA composites filled with silicic acid dissolved in THF. With a better compatibility with polymer matrix, silicic acid sol shows better reinforcement than silica particles in PMMA films prepared via blending of the corresponding THF solutions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Preparation of ReFeO3 nanocrystalline powders by auto-combustion of citric acid gelASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, Issue 5 2009Anhua Wu Abstract Autocombustion of citric acid gel was employed to prepare ReFeO3 (Re = Gd, Nd) nanocrystalline powders. The phase identification and lattice parameters were investigated by the X-ray diffraction (XRD). Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) investigations were carried out to examine the morphology and average size of these powders. Several one phonon lines, two-magnon excitation, and two-phonon scattering have been assigned in their Raman spectra. Both NdFeO3 and GdFeO3 nanocrystalline powders were single ReFeO3 phase, which are agglomerated with average crystallite size of 70,90 nm. The investigations indicated that the autocombustion of citric acid gel method is an effective technology to prepare ReFeO3 nanocrystalline powders. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Hyaluronic acid filler injections with a 31-gauge insulin syringeAUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 1 2010Adrian C Lim ABSTRACT Hyaluronic acid gel is a commonly used skin/soft tissue filler in cosmetic dermatology. Hyaluronic acid fillers are packaged in proprietary luer-lock syringes that can be injected via a 30-gauge, 27-gauge or larger diameter needle depending on the consistency of the gel. A method of decanting proprietary hyaluronic acid fillers into multiple 31-gauge insulin syringes for injection is described. The use of a 31-gauge insulin syringe for filler injections can potentially enhance the injection process through more accurate product delivery and placement. This has the potential to produce a more balanced and symmetrical outcome for patients. Additional benefits include less injection pain, less bleeding/bruising and higher levels of patient satisfaction. [source] Synthesis and characterization superabsorbent-ethanol polyacrylic acid gelsJOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE, Issue 6 2007Zhao Qingchun Abstract In this article, superabsorbent-ethanol polyacrylic acid gels were synthesized by free-radical aqueous polymerization method by using , rays as initiator and varying the concentration of the Zn2+ from 0.1 to 0.3%, which acts as crosslinker. Effect of irradiation dose, monomer concentration, kind, and concentration of the crosslinker on swelling behaviors of polyacrylic acid gels were investigated. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007 [source] | ||||||||||||||||