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Acid Compound (acid + compound)
Selected AbstractsReduction of Ethanol-Derived Acetaldehyde Induced Motivational Properties by l -CysteineALCOHOLISM, Issue 1 2009Alessandra T. Peana Background:, Experimental evidences suggest that acetaldehyde (ACD) contributes to the positive motivational properties of ethanol (EtOH) as assessed by the place conditioning paradigm; indeed, we found that by reducing ACD production and/or by using ACD-sequestrating agents, EtOH is deprived from its motivational properties. Thiol products, such as the amino acid cysteine, are known to be effective ACD-sequestering agents. Cysteine is able to covalently bind ACD thereby forming a stable, nontoxic 2-methyl-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid compound. Thus, we treated rats with l -cysteine before intragastric administration of EtOH or ACD. Methods:, Male Wistar rats were pretreated intraperitoneally with saline or l -cysteine (10, 20, or 30 mg/kg), before intragastric administration of saline, EtOH (1 g/kg), or ACD (20 mg/kg). The specificity of l -cysteine effect was addressed using morphine-induced conditioned place preference (cpp) (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.). Results:,l -cysteine dose-dependently prevented both EtOH and ACD-induced cpp but did not interfere with morphine-induced cpp, suggesting that l -cysteine specifically modulates the motivational properties of EtOH. Conclusion:, The present results further underscore the role of EtOH-derived ACD in EtOH-induced motivational properties. l -cysteine, by binding EtOH-derived ACD, would deprive it of its rewarding properties and reduce its abuse liability. [source] BIODEGRADATION OF DISINFECTION BYPRODUCTS AS A POTENTIAL REMOVAL PROCESS DURING AQUIFER STORAGE RECOVERY,JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION, Issue 4 2000James E. Landmeyer ABSTRACT: The biodegradation potential of two drinking water disinfection byproducts was investigated using aquifer materials obtained from approximately 100 and 200 meters below land surface in an aerobic aquifer system undergoing aquifer storage recovery of treated surface water. No significant biodegradation of a model trihalomethane compound, chloroform, was observed in aquifer microcosms under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. In contrast, between 16 and 27 percent mineralization of a radiolabeled model haloacetic acid compound, chloroacetic acid, was observed. These results indicate that although the potential for biodegradation of chloroacetic acid exists in deep aquifer systems, chloroform entrained within these aquifers or formed in situ will tend to persist. These results have important implications for water managers planning to meet anticipated lowered permissible levels of trihalomethanes in drinking water. [source] Evidence for differential host preference in Microdochium nivale var. majus and Microdochiumnivale var. nivalePLANT PATHOLOGY, Issue 2 2000D.R. Simpson The pathogenicity of Microdochium nivale var. majus and var. nivale was tested on wheat, rye and oat seedlings using both visual disease scoring and quantitative PCR measurements. In an individual inoculation trial at 10°C var. majus and var. nivale were strongly pathogenic towards wheat and rye, with var. nivale causing slightly greater disease in rye. At this temperature only var. nivale caused significant disease of oats. In a further experiment M. nivale was inoculated as a series of mixtures of the two varieties and incubated at 15°C. The ratio of the varieties present in the inoculum and present at harvest was analysed by quantitative PCR and this enabled a coefficient of selection to be calculated for the varieties on each host. M. nivale var. majus showed a weak selective advantage over var. nivale on wheat (0.33 ± 0.08) and oat seedlings (0.35 ± 0.016) and M. nivale var. nivale showed a strong selective advantage over var. majus on rye seedlings (0.92 ± 0.26). The isolates were also compared for sensitivity to benzoxazolinone (BOA), a hydroxamic acid compound derived from rye leaves. M. nivale var majus was found to be significantly more sensitive to BOA than M. nivale var. nivale, indicating a possible mechanism for the selective advantage of var. nivale growing on rye. This is the first substantiated indication of a significant difference in host preference between Microdochium nivale var. majus and var. nivale. [source] Ionic liquids as mobile phase additives for high-performance liquid chromatography separation of phenoxy acid herbicides and phenolsJOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE, JSS, Issue 23-24 2009Xialin Hu Abstract In this present study, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C4MIM]Cl), 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C8MIM]Cl), and 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C10MIM]Cl) were adopted as mobile phase additives in the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to simultaneously separate phenoxy acid herbicides and phenols at neutral pH. It was found that by using 20,mM of [C4MIM]Cl, baseline separation and good chromatograms for all the acid compounds were obtained on a normal reversed-phase C18 column. The retention time of the target acid compounds shortened with the increase of the alkyl chain length and the concentrations of ionic liquids, probably due to the delocalization of the positive charge on the imidazolium cation, the repulsion between chlorine ions of ionic liquids and the acid compounds, as well as the stereo-hindrance effect. The mechanism with ionic liquids as mobile additives for the separation of acid compounds was discussed. [source] Synthesis and Evaluation of Dual Wavelength Fluorescent Benzo[b]thiophene Boronic Acid Derivatives for Sugar SensingCHEMICAL BIOLOGY & DRUG DESIGN, Issue 4 2007Senol Akay Cell surface glycoproteins have been known to play very important roles in various physiologic and pathologic processes. Small molecule compounds capable of carbohydrate recognition can be very useful for the development of sensing, diagnostic, and therapeutic agents. Along this line, we are interested in developing water-soluble fluorescent boronic acid compounds for carbohydrate recognition. As such, a series of benzo[b]thiophene boronic acid derivatives have been synthesized and their fluorescent properties analyzed at physiologic pH. Benzo[b]thiophene derivatives were found to be a new type of fluorescent reporter compounds capable of dual fluorescent emission under physiologic pH conditions. Compounds 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6 showed unusual emission wavelength shifts upon binding of sugars. These boronic acids will be useful tools for building glycoprotein biosensors for biologic applications. [source] | ||||||||||