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Acid Application (acid + application)
Selected AbstractsExogenous Glycinebetaine and Salicylic Acid Application Improves Water Relations, Allometry and Quality of Hybrid Sunflower under Water Deficit ConditionsJOURNAL OF AGRONOMY AND CROP SCIENCE, Issue 2 2009M. Hussain Abstract Limited water availability hampers the sustainability of crop production. Exogenous application of glycinebetaine (GB) and salicylic acid (SA) has been found very effective in reducing the adverse effects of water scarcity. This study was conducted to examine the possible role of exogenous GB and SA application in improving the growth and water relations of hybrid sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under different irrigation regimes. There were three levels of irrigation, viz. control (normal irrigations), water stress at budding stage (irrigation missing at budding stage) and water stress at flowering stage (FS) (irrigation missing at FS). GB and SA were applied exogenously at 100 and 0.724 mm respectively, each at the budding and FS. Control plants did not receive application of GB and SA. Water stress reduced the leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD), crop growth rate (CGR), leaf relative water contents, water potential, osmotic potential, turgor pressure, achene yield and water use efficiency. Nevertheless, exogenous GB and SA application appreciably improved these attributes under water stress. However, exogenous GB application at the FS was more effective than other treatments. Net assimilation rate was not affected by water stress as well as application of GB and SA. The protein contents were considerably increased by water stress at different growth stages, but were reduced by exogenous GB and SA application. The effects of water stress and foliar application of GB were more pronounced when applied at FS than at the budding stage. Moreover, exogenous GB application was only advantageous under stress conditions. [source] Stimulation of epidermal calcium gradient loss and increase in TNF-, and IL-1, expressions by glycolic acid in murine epidermisEXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY, Issue 8 2005Se Kyoo Jeong Abstract:, In a previous study, we reported that ,-hydroxy acids (AHA), such as glycolic acid and lactic acid, did not induce any significant changes in transepidermal water loss for normal murine skin. The ultrastructural observations, however, showed that the extent of lamellar body exocytosis significantly increased. Because AHA can theoretically decrease the calcium ion concentration by chelation, topical AHA may induce the loss of epidermal calcium gradient by lowering the calcium ion concentration in the granulocytes and, subsequently, induce lamellar body secretion. The aim of this study is to verify that glycolic acid could modulate the epidermal calcium gradient and increase lamellar body exocytosis. Seventy per cent of glycolic acid aqueous solution was applied to the normal skin of hairless mice and biochemical and morphological studies were performed. The loss of epidermal calcium gradient was observed in glycolic-acid-applied skin of hairless mice and subsequent barrier function recovery processes, such as an increase in lamellar body secretion, were observed. The extracellular glycolic acid was found to inhibit the change in intracellular calcium ion concentration in response to extracellular calcium ion concentration changes in the cultured mouse keratinocyte in vitro. The protein and mRNA expressions of tumour necrosis factor-, and interleukin-1, in the murine epidermis were significantly increased after glycolic acid application. An in vitro study using cultured keratinocytes suggested that glycolic acid could lower the calcium ion concentration, at least in part, through the chelating effects of the glycolic acid on the cationic ions. [source] Topical formic acid puncture technique for the treatment of common wartsINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 6 2001Ramesh M. Bhat MD Background Warts are a common chronic skin disorder that can be cosmetically disfiguring and, depending on the location, cause inhibition of function. The presence of dozens of topical and systemic treatments for warts is a testament to the lack of a rapid, simple, uniformly effective, inexpensive, nonscarring, and painless treatment. Aim The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of 85% formic acid application, an inexpensive therapy, for the treatment of warts. Methods A placebo-controlled, nonrandomized, open trial was performed in 100 patients with common warts attending Father Muller's Medical College Hospital, Mangalore. Fifty patients received 85% formic acid application and 50 patients received placebo (water) using a topical application/needle puncture technique every other day. Results Ninety-two per cent of patients who received formic acid application showed complete disappearance of warts after a 3,4-week treatment period, compared to 6% in the placebo group. Conclusions The results show that 85% formic acid application is a safe, economical, and effective alternative in the treatment of common warts with few side-effects and good compliance. A multicenter trial is needed to examine the efficacy and safety of this treatment. [source] Effect of different acid treatments on a porcelain surface1JOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 1 2001. Canay The objective of this study was to determine the effect of selected surface treatments on the surface texture of a feldspathic porcelain. The three different etchant treatments were, acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) applied for 10 min and hydrofluoric acid (HF) applied for 1 and 4 min. After acid treatment, half of the specimens from each group were cleansed with water and others were subjected to ultrasonic cleaning and then dried. Half of the specimens cleansed with two different methods were treated with silane. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to characterize the effects of such treatments. Etching with APF displays shallow patterns. Etching for 1 min with HF displays deep channels, pores and precipitates on the surface and as the etching time increased these channels were replaced by larger channels. EDS analyses show that the crystalline precipitates on the etched surfaces, which were not readily soluble in water, were the reaction products of Na, K, Ca, Al, etc. HF displayed a more roughened surface than the APF gel. However, the precipitates remain on the surface after acid application, they can only be removed by ultrasonic cleaning and cannot be removed by rinsing. [source] | ||||||||||