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Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors (acetylcholinesterase + inhibitor)
Selected AbstractsSynthesis of Tricyclic Analogues of Stephaoxocanidine and Their Evaluation as Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors.CHEMINFORM, Issue 40 2005Dario A. Bianchi Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text. [source] Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Tacrine-Thiadiazolidinone Hybrids as Dual Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors.CHEMINFORM, Issue 21 2005Isabel Dorronsoro No abstract is available for this article. [source] Terreulactones A, B, C, and D: Novel Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors Produced by Aspergillus terreus.CHEMINFORM, Issue 41 2003Part 1. Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text. [source] Terreulactones A, B, C, and D: Novel Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors Produced by Aspergillus terreus.CHEMINFORM, Issue 37 2003Part 2. No abstract is available for this article. [source] ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis, and Structure,Activity Relationships of a Series of 3-[2-(1-Benzylpiperidin-4-yl)ethylamino]pyridazine Derivatives as Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors.CHEMINFORM, Issue 49 2001Jean-Marie Contreras Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a "Full Text" option. The original article is trackable via the "References" option. [source] Acetylcholinesterase treatment,modelling potential demand and auditing practiceINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY, Issue 12 2001Simon Lovestone Abstract Background Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors represent an entirely novel treatment option for patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). As such they represent a significant change in practice and a significant cost pressure on funding bodies. Objectives To assess the impact of cholinesterase inhibitors on routine clinical practice. Methods We estimated potential demand for the compounds taking into account eligibility criteria and prescribing practice agreed between clinicians and funders. We then audited actual prescribing practice assessing whether the estimated demand matched actual demand and whether practice and prescribing criteria were adhered to. Results Over a two-year period we estimated the demand for treatment at a total of 89 patient years for the population of the audit unit. In practice only 24.5 patient years of therapy were received, the short fall apparently being due to low referral rates for treatment. Prescribing by clinicians matched practice guidelines and a high proportion of three monthly assessments using scales for cognition, function and global state were performed. Using these assessment procedures treatment successes could be differentiated from primary and secondary treatment failures and, where apparently appropriate, treatment could be stopped. Conclusion In the real world of clinical practice demand for treatment in AD is modest but likely to grow and assessment with an aim to identifying those receiving benefit from treatment can be achieved. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from Stephania venosa tuberJOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY: AN INTERNATI ONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE, Issue 5 2006Kornkanok Ingkaninan Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors have lately gained interest as potential drugs in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Three AChE inhibitors were isolated from tubers of a Thai medicinal plant, Stephania venosa (Bl) Spreng. They were identified as quaternary protoberberine alkaloids, stepharanine, cyclanoline and N -methyl stepholidine. They expressed inhibitory activity on AChE with IC50 values (concentration that caused 50% inhibition of activity) of 14.1K ± 0.81, 9.23 ± 3.47 and 31.30 ± 3.67 ,M, respectively. The AChE inhibitory activity of these compounds was compared with those of the related compounds, palmatine, jatrorrhizine and berberine, as well as tertiary protoberberine alkaloids isolated from the same plant, stepholidine and corydalmine. The results suggest that the positive charge at the nitrogen of the tetrahydroisoquinoline portion, steric substitution at the nitrogen, planarity of the molecule or substitutions at C-2, ,3, ,9, and ,10 affect the AChE inhibitory activity of protoberberine alkaloids. [source] Donepezil in schizophrenia , is it helpful?ACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 6 2001An experimental design case study Objective:,To assess the clinical and cognitive effects of adding donepezil, a reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, to the risperidone treatment of a high functioning stable out-patient with schizophrenia. Method:,Case study using an experimental ABAB design. Assessments were completed objectively by standardized neuropsychological tests and clinical rating scales and subjectively with visual analogue scales. Results:,Strong improvements attributable to donepezil were found for verbal fluency and the patient's subjective response. No adverse changes were noted in psychiatric symptoms or side effects. Conclusion:,Cholinergic enhancement as an adjunctive treatment in schizophrenia should be explored in larger controlled trials. [source] Sensitive analysis of donepezil in plasma by capillary electrophoresis combining on-column field-amplified sample stacking and its application in Alzheimer's disease,ELECTROPHORESIS, Issue 17 2008Hsin-Hua Yeh Abstract Field-amplified sample stacking (FASS) in capillary electrophoresis (CE) was used to determine the concentration of donepezil, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, in human plasma. A sample pretreatment by liquid,liquid extraction with isopropanol/n -hexane (v/v 3:97) and subsequent quantification by FASS-CE was used. Before sample loading, a water plug (0.5,psi, 6,s) was injected to permit FASS. Electrokinetic injection (7,kV, 90,s) was used to introduce sample cations. The separation condition for donepezil was performed in electrolyte solutions containing Tris buffer (60,mM, pH 4.0) with sodium octanesulfonate 40,mM and 0.01% polyvinyl alcohol as a dynamic coating to reduce analytes' interaction with capillary wall. The separation was performed at 28,kV and detected at 200,nm. Using atenolol as an internal standard, the linear ranges of the method for the determination of donepezil in human plasma were over a range of 1,50,ng/mL. The limit of detection was 0.1,ng/mL (S/N=3, sampling 90,s at 7,kV). One female volunteer (54 years old) was orally administered a single dose of 10,mg donepezil (Aricept®, Eisai), and blood samples were drawn over a 60,h period for pharmacokinetic study. The method was also applied successfully to monitor donepezil in sixteen Alzheimer's disease patients' plasmas. [source] Role of the cholinergic system in regulating survival of newborn neurons in the adult mouse dentate gyrus and olfactory bulbGENES TO CELLS, Issue 10 2006Naoko Kaneko Neurogenesis in the subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus and olfactory bulbs continues into adulthood and has been implicated in the cognitive function of the adult brain. The basal forebrain cholinergic system has been suggested to play a role in regulating neurogenesis as well as learning and memory in these regions. Herein, we report that highly polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM)-positive immature cells as well as neuronal nuclei (NeuN)-positive mature neurons in the dentate gyrus and olfactory bulb express multiple acetylcholine receptor subunits and make contact with cholinergic fibers. To examine the function of acetylcholine in neurogenesis, we used donepezil (Aricept), a potent and selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that improves cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease. Intraperitoneal administrations of donepezil significantly enhanced the survival of newborn neurons, but not proliferation of neural progenitor cells in the subgranular zone or the subventricular zone of normal mice. Moreover, donepezil treatment reversed the chronic stress-induced decrease in neurogenesis. Taken together, these results suggest that activation of the cholinergic system promotes survival of newborn neurons in the adult dentate gyrus and olfactory bulb under both normal and stressed conditions. [source] Soman-induced seizures: limbic activity, oxidative stress and neuroprotective proteins,,JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY, Issue S1 2001T. L. Pazdernik Abstract Soman, a potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, induces status epilepticus in rats followed by conspicuous neuropathology, most prominent in piriform cortex and the CA3 region of the hippocampus. Cholinergic seizures originate in striatal,nigral pathways and with fast-acting agents (soman) rapidly spread to limbic related areas and finally culminate in a full-blown status epilepticus. This leads to neurochemical changes, some of which may be neuroprotective whereas others may cause brain damage. Pretreatment with lithium sensitizes the brain to cholinergic seizures. Likewise, other agents that increase limbic hyperactivity may sensitize the brain to cholinergic agents. The hyperactivity associated with the seizure state leads to an increase in intracellular calcium, cellular edema and metal delocalization producing an oxidative stress. These changes induce the synthesis of stress-related proteins such as heat shock proteins, metallothioneins and heme oxygenases. We show that soman-induced seizures cause a depletion in tissue glutathione and an increase in tissue ,catalytic' iron, metallothioneins and heme oxygenase-1. The oxidative stress induces the synthesis of stress-related proteins, which are indicators of ,stress' and possibly provide neuroprotection. These findings suggest that delocalization of iron may catalyze Fenton-like reactions, causing progressive cellular damage via free radical products. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Neuropathy-induced apoptosis: Protective effect of physostigmineJOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH, Issue 8 2009L. Di Cesare Mannelli Abstract Traumatic, infectious, metabolic, and chemical noxa to the nervous system are the etiology of a crippling disease generally termed neuropathy. Motor disorders, altered sensibility, and pain are the pathognomonic traits. Cellular alterations induced by this chronic pathology include mitochondrial dysfunctions that lead to the activation of the apoptotic cascade. Energy imbalance can compromise the maintenance of mitochondrial membrane potential, furthering the release of cytochrome C and the subsequent cleavage and activation of caspases. Chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the rat sciatic nerve is a neuropathy model able to induce a strong mitochondrial impairment with a consequent apoptotic induction. In this model, the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine is administered at 0.125 mg/kg i.p. (twice per day) starting from the operation and for 15 days after. The cholinergic activation reduces cytosolic levels of cytochrome C, suggesting an improved stability of the mitochondrial membrane, and the expression level of the active caspase 3 fragments (19, 16 kDa) is reduced significantly with respect to saline treatment. Accordingly, physostigmine impairs caspase 3 protease activity. In fact, the target of the activated caspase 3, the 89-kDa PARP fragment, is significantly less expressed in the ligated nerve of physostigmine-treated rats, reaching levels that are comparable to those in the contralateral unligated nerve. Finally, this natural acetylcholinesterase inhibitor reduces DNA fragmentation both in the proximal and in the distal parts of the nerve. This protection correlates with the induction of XIAP. Therefore, apoptosis, central to tissue degeneration, is prevented by repeated physostigmine treatment of CCI animals. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Characterization of Ganstigmine metabolites in hepatocytes by low- and high-resolution mass spectrometry coupled with liquid chromatographyRAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY, Issue 15 2003Nicola Pelizzi In order to deepen the understanding of the metabolism of Ganstigmine, a new acetylcholinesterase inhibitor under evaluation for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, samples obtained by incubating the drug with female rat hepatocytes were investigated by low-resolution liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). The results confirmed the formation of most of the phase I metabolites already demonstrated, but also three new species. The combination of high-resolution quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF) LC/MS and LC/MS/MS measurements, and the evaluation of the more reasonable metabolic routes, allowed the identification of the new metabolites as Geneseroline-glucuronide and oxidized and rearranged Ganstigmine. Analogous investigations were made using hepatocytes from male rat and dog, and both gender monkeys and humans, to compare the metabolic patterns. The results did not indicate substantial differences in terms of numbers and abundances of detected metabolites among the considered species, and also between male and female hepatocytes within each species. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Selective and sensitive determination of bis(7)-tacrine, a high erythrocyte binding acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, in rat plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography,tandem mass spectrometryBIOMEDICAL CHROMATOGRAPHY, Issue 1 2009Li Zhang No abstract is available for this article. [source] Simple determination of huperzine A in human plasma by liquid chromatographic,tandem mass spectrometric methodBIOMEDICAL CHROMATOGRAPHY, Issue 1 2007Yun-Xia Li Abstract Huperzine A is a potent, reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. In the present work, a rapid and sensitive LC,MS,MS method for the determination of huperzine A in human plasma using codeine phosphate as internal standard has been developed and validated. The analyte and internal standard were extracted from plasma using ethyl acetate, chromatographed on a C18 column (5 µm, 150 × 4.6 mm i.d.) with a mobile phase consisting of 1% formic acid,methanol (40:60, v/v), and detected using a tandem mass spectrometer with a TurboIonSpray ionization interface. The run time was only 2 min. Good linearity was achieved in the range 0.126 -25.2 ng/mL and the limit of detection in plasma was 0.064 ng/mL. The average recovery for huperzine A was 83.4% from plasma. The analytical sensitivity and accuracy of this assay is adequate for characterization of huperzine A in human plasma. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Airway limitation and exercise intolerance in well-regulated myasthenia gravis patientsACTA NEUROLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 2010A. Elsais Elsais A, Johansen B, Kerty E. Airway limitation and exercise intolerance in well-regulated myasthenia gravis patients. Acta Neurol Scand: 2010: 122 (Suppl. 190): 12,17. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Objectives,,, Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease of neuromuscular synapses, characterized by muscular weakness and reduced endurance. Remission can be obtained in many patients. However, some of these patients complain of fatigue. The aim of this study was to assess exercise capacity and lung function in well-regulated MG patients. Patients and methods,,, Ten otherwise healthy MG patients and 10 matched controls underwent dynamic spirometry, and a ramped symptom-limited bicycle exercise test. Spirometric variables included forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), and maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV). Exercise variables included maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max), anaerobic threshold (VO2 AT) maximum work load (W), maximum ventilation (VE max), and limiting symptom. Results,,, Myasthenia gravis patients had significantly lower FEV1/FVC ratio than controls. This was more marked in patients on acetylcholine esterase inhibitors. On the contrary, patients not using acetylcholine esterase inhibitors had a significantly lower exercise endurance time. Conclusion,,, Well-regulated MG patients, especially those using pyridostigmine, tend to have an airway obstruction. The modest airway limitation might be a contributing factor to their fatigue. Patients who are not using acetylcholinesterase inhibitor seem to have diminished exercise endurance in spite of their clinically complete remission. [source] Examining the single and interactive effects of three insecticides on amphibian metamorphosis,ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY, Issue 7 2008Michelle D. Boone Abstract Although aquatic communities frequently are exposed to a number of pesticides, the effects of chemical mixtures are not well understood. In two separate studies, I examined how insecticide mixtures influenced the likelihood of unpredictable, nonadditive effects on American toad (Bufo americanus) and green frog (Rana clamitans) tadpoles reared in outdoor aquatic communities. I exposed tadpoles to single or multiple insecticides at approximately half the reported median lethal concentrations using insecticides that were either acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (carbaryl or malathion) or a sodium-channel disruptor (permethrin). I found that combinations of insecticides with the same mode of action were more likely to have nonadditive effects on amphibian metamorphosis compared with those having different modes of action. Additionally, in one study, a commercial formulation of permethrin led to near-complete elimination of American toads, suggesting that this formulation could have adverse effects on aquatic communities. Many community studies exploring the ecological effects of expected environmental concentrations of pesticides have suggested that indirect effects in the food web, rather than direct effects on individual physiology, have the largest effect on amphibians. The present study indicates that direct effects of pesticides may become particularly important when insecticides with the same mode of action are present in the environment. [source] One-year treatment of Alzheimer's disease with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: improvement on ADAS-cog and TMT A, no change or worsening on other testsHUMAN PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY: CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL, Issue 6 2005Alina Borkowska Abstract The aim of this study was to assess cognitive functioning measured by selected psychometric and neuropsychological tools in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) after 1-year treatment with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Seventy-six patients (22 male and 54 female) with a mild to moderate stage of AD, aged 56,86 (mean 68) years, were treated. Forty-seven received donepezil (mean dose 9.3,mg/d) and 29 rivastigmine (mean dose 8.5,mg/d). Cognitive measurements included: the mini mental state examination (MMSE), the Alzheimer disease assessment scale-cognitive (ADAS- cog), the trail making test (TMT) and the Stroop color word interference test. The assessments were made before and after 3, 6 and 12 months of treatment. A significant improvement in ADAS-cog (p,<,0.001, 83% of patients improved) and a worsening in MMSE (84% of patients worsened, p,<,0.01 after 6 and 12 months) was noted after the 1 year treatment. A majority of patients (57%) improved in the TMT-A (p,<,0.001), measuring psychomotor speed and worsened in the TMT-B (p,<,0.01, after 12 months), and Stroop B test (p,<,0.001), measuring working memory and executive functions, 53% and 61%, respectively. Most patients (83%) did not change their performance in the Stroop A (improvement after 3 months, p,<,0.001, worsening after 6 and 12 months p,<,0.01) test measuring verbal abilities, after 1 year treatment. The results obtained suggest that the treatment with cholinergic drugs may improve global cognitive functioning (ADAS-cog) and psychomotor speed (TMT A), however, such treatment is unable to prevent the deterioration of working memory and executive functions. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Alzheimer's Disease: Current Pharmacotherapy in the Context of Patient and Family NeedsJOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 5s2 2003David S. Geldmacher MD The objective of this paper is to review current evidence and treatment patterns for pharmacotherapy in Alzheimer's disease (AD), with an emphasis on outcomes considered important to patients and families. The sources for the information are the peer-reviewed literature, Food and Drug Administration-approved package labeling for acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs), expert opinions expressed at the First Annual Dementia Congress, and clinical experience. Three AChEI agents are in routine use in the United States. They are considered part of the standard of care for patients with mild-to-moderate AD. There are differences in metabolism, pharmacokinetics, side effects, and ease of use that may influence the prescriber's choice of agent and dosage. The three approved agents have similar outcomes in cognition and global clinician ratings of effectiveness in double-blind placebo controlled trials. Persistent therapy with effective doses of AChEIs is associated with reduced risk for, or delayed, nursing home placement, which is a stated priority of AD caregivers. Agents from this class of drugs have also been shown to be associated with statistically significant preservation of daily function and benefits in treatment of adverse behaviors in AD. Numerous additional choices are available to the clinician for pharmacotherapy of adverse behaviors. Community-based psychoeducational support is also of value to caregivers. [source] Microdialysis measures of functional increases in ACh release in the hippocampus with and without inclusion of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in the perfusateJOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY, Issue 3 2006Qing Chang Abstract Because brain extracellular acetylcholine (ACh) levels are near detection limits in microdialysis samples, an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor such as neostigmine is often added to microdialysis perfusates to increase ACh levels in the dialysate, a practice that raises concerns that the inhibitor might alter the results. Two experiments compared functional differences in ACh release with and without neostigmine. In the first experiment, 30,60% increases in extracellular ACh concentrations in the hippocampus were evident during food-rewarded T-maze training with 20,500 nm neostigmine in the perfusate but no increases were seen without neostigmine. In the second experiment, 78% increases in ACh release in the hippocampus were seen after injections of the GABAA receptor antagonist, bicuculline, into medial septum only if neostigmine (50 nm) was included in the perfusate. These findings suggest that, in the hippocampus, endogenous brain AChEs are very efficient at removing extracellular ACh, obscuring differences in ACh release in these experiments. Therefore, inclusion of AChE inhibitors in the microdialysis perfusate may be necessary under some conditions for observations of functional changes in release of ACh in the hippocampus. [source] Rapid TLC/GC-MS identification of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in alkaloid extractsPHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS, Issue 5 2008Strahil Berkov Abstract Alkaloid extracts from 12 plant species of the families Amaryllidaceae, Fumariacae and Papaveraceae were studied with respect to their acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity and alkaloid patterns. Fifty-three alkaloids were identified by GC-MS, including known acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors such as galanthamine, epigalanthamine, sanguinine and epinorgalanthamine in extracts of Amaryllidaceae plants and protopine in extracts of Fumariaceae and Papaveraceae plants. The galanthamine-containing extracts of the amaryllidaceous plants were found to be the most active while the extract of Corydalis bulbosa was the most active among the extracts of the tested plants from the Fumariaceae and Papaveraceae plants. TLC bioautographic assay, preparative TLC and GC-MS analysis were combined to identify the active compounds in the studied extracts. Galanthamine was isolated from the known AChE inhibitors in the extracts of Amaryllidaceae plants. Corydaline, bulbocapnine and stylopine were found to be active in the extracts of plant species of the families Fumariaceae and Papaveraceae. Available standards of deshydrocorydaline,a precursor of corydaline, corydaline and stylopine,were tested for AChE inhibitory activity. Deshydrocorydaline and corydaline showed potent inhibitory activity comparable with that of the positive control galanthamine. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] The use of sugammadex in a patient with myasthenia gravisANAESTHESIA, Issue 3 2010C. Unterbuchner Summary Myasthenia gravis, affecting neuromuscular transmission, leads to a large variability in sensitivity to depolarising and non-depolarising neuromuscular blocking drugs. We report the successful use of the modified ,-cyclodextrin sugammadex in a myasthenic patient to reverse a rocuronium-induced deep level of neuromuscular block. After spontaneous neuromuscular recovery of T2 (second twitch of the train-of-four series), we administered 2 mg.kg,1 of sugammadex intravenously, reversing neuromuscular blockade to a train-of-four ratio (T4/T1) > 90% within 210 s. Sugammadex, in combination with objective neuromuscular monitoring, can be used to reverse rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade in patients with myasthenia gravis, thereby avoiding the need for reversal with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. [source] Antagonism of non-depolarising neuromuscular block: current practiceANAESTHESIA, Issue 2009A. F. Kopman Summary There is now mounting evidence that even small degrees of postoperative residual neuromuscular block increases the incidence of adverse respiratory events in the Post Anaesthesia Care Unit and may increase longer-term morbidity as well. In the absence of quantitative neuromuscular monitoring, residual block is easily missed. A very strong case can be made for the routine administration of a non-depolarising antagonist unless it can be objectively demonstrated that complete recovery has occurred spontaneously. However, the use of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors is associated with the potential for cardiovascular and respiratory side-effects, so there are cogent reasons for using low doses when the level of neuromuscular block is not intense. As little as 0.015,0.025 mg.kg,1 of neostigmine is required at a train-of-four count of four with minimal fade, whereas 0.04,0.05 mg.kg,1 is needed at a train-of-four count of two or three. If only a single twitch or none at all can be evoked, neostigmine should not be expected to promptly reverse neuromuscular block, and antagonism is best delayed till a train-of-four-count of two is achieved. [source] In vivo animal studies with sugammadexANAESTHESIA, Issue 2009L. H. D. J. Booij Summary A review is presented of animal studies of the selective steroidal neuromuscular blocking drug binding agent sugammadex. These studies demonstrate that sugammadex is faster in onset than the currently used acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, has no muscarinic effects, and is characterised by lack of adverse effects on other organs. These results offer support for the further development of sugammadex for clinical use in humans. [source] The stability of AQT processing speed, ADAS-Cog and MMSE during acetylcholinesterase inhibitor treatment in Alzheimer's diseaseACTA NEUROLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 3 2010E. H. Wiig Wiig EH, Annas P, Basun H, Andreasen N, Lannfelt L, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Minthon L. The stability of AQT processing speed, ADAS-Cog and MMSE during acetylcholinesterase inhibitor treatment in Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neurol Scand: 2010: 121: 186,193. © 2009 The Authors Journal compilation © 2009 Blackwell Munksgaard. Objectives,,, To explore the longitudinal stability of measures of cognition during treatment with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AchEI) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Materials and methods,,, Cognitive status was measured in a cohort of 60 patients at 6 months after initiation of treatment with AchEI (baseline) and after an additional 6 months of treatment (endpoint). A Quick Test of Cognitive Speed (AQT), Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog), and MMSE were administered concurrently. Results,,, Correlations (,) between age and AQT processing speed were non-significant, but were significant for ADAS-Cog and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). AQT and ADAS-Cog means did not differ significantly between baseline and endpoint. There was a small, significant reduction in MMSE point scores. Measures of stability (Spearman's ,) were moderate-to-high for all tests. Means for subgroups did not differ as a function of medication type. Conclusions,,, AQT processing speed, ADAS-Cog, and MMSE measures proved stable during the second 6 months of treatment with AChEI. [source] | ||||||||||||||||