|
| ||
|
|
||
Accumulated Dose (accumulated + dose)
Selected AbstractsCo-administration of salbutamol and fluticasone for emergency treatment of children with moderate acute asthma,PEDIATRIC ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 7 2005Elizabeth Estrada-Reyes This study aimed to compare the efficacy of nebulized therapy with salbutamol alone or in combination with fluticasone. In a randomized, double-blind clinical trial, 150 children with moderate acute asthma were randomly assigned to receive by nebulizations either (i) three doses of salbutamol 30 ,l/kg per dose, each dose administered every 15 min, (ii) three doses of salbutamol plus two doses of fluticasone 500 ,g/dose at 15 and 30 min after first dose of salbutamol, or (iii) three doses of salbutamol/fluticasone 500 ,g/dose, each combined dose administered every 15 min. Pulse oxymetry (SaO2), peak expiratory flow (PEF) and Wood et al. (Am J Dis Child, 123, 1972, 123) clinical scale were evaluated at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min after the first nebulization. Patients in the three groups significantly improved since 15 min after the first nebulization. We did not observe differences in the recovery of SaO2 and PEF among the three groups of treatment (p > 0.10). In group 3, children showed better clinical response at 120 min than the other two groups (p < 0.05). No significant adverse effects were observed with any treatment. To summarize, in children with acute moderate asthma, nebulized salbutamol at an accumulated dose of 90 ,l/kg plus fluticasone at an accumulated dose of 1500 ,g produced better clinical relief after 2 h. However, similar PEF and SaO2 responses were observed with salbutamol alone or in combination with different doses of fluticasone. [source] Uptake of Pyrene in a Breast-Fed Child of a Mother Treated with Coal TarPEDIATRIC DERMATOLOGY, Issue 2 2009Paul T. J. Scheepers Ph.D. Coal tar containing ointments contain genotoxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Over a period of 50 days the accumulated dose of different coal tar containing ointments treatments corresponded to 993 mg of pyrene and 464 mg of benz[a]pyrene. During this treatment she gave breast milk to her 3-month-old daughter. Analysis of urine samples from the breast-fed child showed elevated levels of urinary excretion of a metabolite of pyrene (1-hydroxypyrene, 1-OHP). These levels were in the same range as urinary excretion levels of this metabolite observed in the mother's urine. As no pyrene was observed in breast milk at a limit of determination of 0.0035 ,mol/L, transfer of pyrene from mother to child via breast milk is not likely. Also, a low level of 1-hydroxypyrene observed in the mother's milk did not account for the observed urinary excretion levels in the child. It must therefore be assumed that pyrene was transferred from mother to child via another route, presumably direct skin-to-skin or skin-to-mouth contact. Dermatologists should inform their patients who receive treatment with coal tar containing ointments of the risk of transfer of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by skin-to-skin or skin-to-mouth contact. [source] ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Effects of Cyclic Versus Sustained Estrogen Administration on Peripheral Immune Functions in Ovariectomized MiceAMERICAN JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE IMMUNOLOGY, Issue 4 2010Jing Li Citation Li J, McMurray RW. Effects of cyclic versus sustained estrogen administration on peripheral immune functions in ovariectomized mice. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010; 63: 274,281 Problem, Estrogens have multiple influences on immune functions. We aimed to compare the effects of cyclic versus sustained estrogen treatments under the same accumulated dose on peripheral immune functions in ovariectomized mice. Method of study, Ovariectomized adult Balb/c mice were treated with estradiol (E2) by s.c. injection once every 4 days (total 44.8 ,g) or by pellet implantation (total 44.2 ,g). After 6 weeks of treatment, all animals were immunized with DNP-KLH. Peripheral immune functions were assessed 10 days later. Results, Both cyclic and sustained E2 treatments significantly reduced the percentage of splenic B220+sIgM+ cells, enhanced IFN-, production and suppressed IL-6 secretion from Con A-stimulated splenocytes, and increased serum anti-DNP antibody levels. No differences were found in the above responses or in uterine weight gain between the two regimens of E2 administration. Conclusion, There are no differential effects on peripheral immune functions between cyclic and sustained estrogen administration under the same total dose. [source] The combination of external beam radiotherapy and experimental radioimmunotargeting with a monoclonal anticytokeratin antibodyCANCER, Issue S4 2002Amanda Johansson M.D., Ph.D. Abstract BACKGROUND Doses to tumors of up to 80 grays (Gy) have been postulated to eradicate solid experimental tumors with radiommunotargeting,, but this value has proved difficult to reach. Combining two treatment modalities, external beam radiotherapy and radioimmunotargeting, could potentially give rise to a number of advantages. METHODS The purpose of this study was to detect potential benefits with different treatment timing strategies when combining external beam radiotherapy and radioimmunotargeting, with the anticytokeratin monoclonal antibody (MAb) TS1 injected into a nude mouse model carrying subcutaneous human HeLa Hep 2-cell tumors. Cytokeratins are present in necrotic regions within tumors, thereby providing a potential increase in binding sites for TS1 if combined with external beam radiotherapy. External beam radiotherapy was given before, after, and simultaneously with injection of radiolabeled MAb. RESULTS The highest yields in terms of total accumulated dose (Gy), percentage of injected activity per gram of tumor tissue, and accumulated dose per injected activity (Gy/MBq) were seen in the group receiving external beam radiotherapy prior to MAb-injection. CONCLUSIONS Enhanced effects may be achievable by combining external beam radiotherapy with experimental radioimmunotargeting using the monoclonal anticytokeratin antibody TS1, if the radiotherapy is given prior to MAb injection. Cancer 2002;94:1314,9. © 2002 American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.10302 [source] Vigabatrin-associated loss of vision: rarebit perimetry illuminates the dose,damage relationshipACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 1 2004Lars Frisén Abstract. Purpose:, The utility of vigabatrin in the treatment of epilepsy is partially offset by its retinal toxicity. The relationship between dosage and damage is obscure. This may be due to perimetric shortcomings. The new technique of rarebit (,microdot') perimetry might be more informative. Methods:, Twelve patients who had been treated with vigabatrin for various durations were examined by manual, kinetic perimetry and by rarebit perimetry. Results:, Rarebit results differed significantly between patients and normal controls and rarebit deficits were directly proportional to cumulated vigabatrin doses (correlation coefficients were , 0.92 in the nasal field and , 0.82 in the temporal field). Manual perimetry results were less clearly related to dosage (r = , 0.54 and r = , 0.73, respectively). Conclusion:, Rarebit perimetry indicates that each treated subject will develop visual loss and that visual loss will be proportional to the accumulated dose. Conventional perimetry is less well suited to detecting and quantifying vigabatrin-associated visual loss. [source] | ||||||||||