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Academic Institutions (academic + institution)
Selected AbstractsBook review: Human Remains: Guide for Museums and Academic InstitutionsAMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Issue 2 2009Stephen D. Ousley No abstract is available for this article. [source] The 550th Anniversary of the Universität Basel, 1460,,,2010: Paracelsian Beginnings and ChemistryHELVETICA CHIMICA ACTA, Issue 9 2010G. Wayne Craig Abstract This year marks the 550th anniversary of the founding of the Universität Basel. After its inception, the development of chemistry has played a major role in its evolution as an academic institution to meet the needs of industry and the educational community. Chemistry evolved in Basel as a dominant industry because of its central location and connection to the Rhine. The dyestuff industry and later the pharmaceutical industry established the Basel location as a major center of distribution. Companies like Sandoz AG, Ciba AG, J.,R. Geigy AG, and F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG influenced the defining role of chemistry not only in Europe but throughout the world. This article highlights some of the academic personalities that contributed to the development of chemistry in the remarkable history of the Universität Basel since the time of Paracelsus. [source] Assessing the value of an e-mail knowledge extraction systemKNOWLEDGE AND PROCESS MANAGEMENT: THE JOURNAL OF CORPORATE TRANSFORMATION, Issue 2 2009Sara Tedmori This paper reviews an approach to locating knowledge holders within organizations through the use of a well-established communication medium, E-mail. The approach has been used to develop the E-mail knowledge extraction (EKE) tool. EKE was then evaluated at an academic institution in the United Kingdom. This study represents the first effort to validate the viability of the E-mail medium as a source of knowledge profiling data, to be used for finding employees who possess the required knowledge. It also looks at the socio,ethical challenges associated with EKE's adoption. The overall evaluation of EKE found it to be useful, interesting, easy and intuitive to use and of potential benefit to employees within organizations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Building the school of engineeringNEW DIRECTIONS FOR HIGHER EDUCATION, Issue 139 2007Jeff R. Wright Building an academic institution can be likened to an endless race. Success is reflected in satisfaction with processes and events rather than products. [source] Learning to collaborate: A case study of performance improvement CMETHE JOURNAL OF CONTINUING EDUCATION IN THE HEALTH PROFESSIONS, Issue 3 2008Marianna B. Shershneva MD Abstract Introduction: Performance Improvement Continuing Medical Education (PI CME) is a mechanism for joining quality improvement (QI) in health care to continuing medical education (CME) systems together. Although QI practices and CME approaches have been recognized for years, what emerges from their integration is largely unfamiliar, because it requires the collaboration of CME providers and stakeholders within the health care systems who traditionally have not worked together and may not have the same understanding of QI issues to close performance gaps. This study describes how an academic institution and a community-based primary care practice collaborated to enhance patient care in the area of hypertension. It offers lessons learned from a PI CME activity in the area of hypertension. Methods: This was an observational case study. Data were collected through interviews, observations of educational events, and review of documents such as learning logs, which were designed to: (1) help physicians learn and change, (2) satisfy requirements for CME credit, (3) serve as the basis for reimbursement, and (4) provide data for the case study. Results: Nine clinicians from one clinic completed the PI CME activity, achieved measurable improvements in their practice, and contributed to systems change. The study highlighted (1) the value of shared goals and agreement on the process among the participants, planners, and others involved; (2) the advantage of a multidisciplinary approach; (3) the importance of supporting clinicians' continuing motivation to participate; and (4) the need to allow sufficient time to enable the initiative to evolve. Discussion: PI CME required unprecedented collaboration between CME planners and QI stakeholders to enable change in clinical practice. [source] Evaluation of Culture and Antibiotic Use in Patients With Pharyngitis,THE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 10 2006Justin B. Rufener MD Abstract Objectives: The objectives of this study were to evaluate practice patterns for treatment of patients with pharyngitis with regard to testing for group A beta hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) infection, frequency of antibiotic use, and appropriate choice of antibiotics. Study Design: The authors conducted a retrospective review of billing data for 10,482 office visits for pharyngitis. Methods: The 2004 billing database for a tertiary institution was queried for outpatient visits for pharyngitis or tonsillitis, group A Streptococcus tests (GAST), and antibiotic prescriptions filled after the visit. Patients were separated by age group and analyzed for the proportion of patients that received a GAST and proportion prescribed an antibiotic. Antibiotic prescriptions were also analyzed to determine whether they were appropriate for treatment of GABHS. Results: A total of 68.7% of all patients and 82.2% of pediatric patients were tested for GAST. A total of 47.1% of adult patients and 44.9% of pediatric patients received an antibiotic. For adult patients for whom GAST was obtained, 48.6% were prescribed an antibiotic versus 53.6% of those not tested. Streptococcus testing was a significant predictor of antibiotic use (P < .0001), whereas age was not (P = .22). A total of 82.1% of all antibiotics prescribed were recommended for treatment of GABHS. Conclusions: Most patients seen for pharyngitis were tested for GABHS, but pediatric patients were tested more frequently than adults. Patients who received a GAST were less likely to receive antibiotics. The rates experienced in our tertiary academic institution are higher than previously quoted for community practice. When antibiotics were prescribed, they were usually appropriate for the treatment of GABHS based on current recommendations. [source] Parathyroid Adenoma Localization: Surgeon-Performed Ultrasound Versus Sestamibi,THE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 8 2006David L. Steward MD Abstract Objectives: Compare surgeon-performed ultrasound versus sestamibi for preoperative parathyroid adenoma localization. Study Design: Single-institutional cohort. Methods: One hundred six consecutive patients undergoing parathyroidectomy at an academic institution between 2004 to 2005 were included. Of those, 103 underwent both surgeon-performed ultrasound and sestamibi-Tc99m localization preoperatively. Primary outcome is sensitivity for adenoma localization to correct quadrant (right vs. left, superior vs. inferior). Results: Hypercalcemia resolved in 97% of patients. Sensitivities for correct quadrant localization for ultrasound versus sestamibi were 87% versus 58% (P < .001). Specificities were 95%. Positive and negative predictive values were 85% versus 78% and 96% versus 87%, respectively. Combined sensitivity was 93%. Sensitivities for correct side localization were 91% and 74% (P = .002). Conclusions: Ultrasound appears more sensitive than sestamibi for localization to correct quadrant or side when performed in-office by the author in this cohort. [source] Head and Neck Cancer: The Importance of Oxygen ,THE LARYNGOSCOPE, Issue 5 2000David J. Terris MD Abstract Objectives To use recently introduced polarographic technology to characterize the distribution of oxygenation in solid tumors, explore the differences between severe hypoxia and true necrosis, and evaluate the ability to predict treatment outcomes based on tumor oxygenation. Study Design Prospective, nonrandomized trial of patients with advanced head and neck cancer, conducted at an academic institution. Methods A total of 63 patients underwent polarographic oxygen measurements of their tumors. Experiment 1 was designed to determine whether a gradient of oxygenation exists within tumors by examining several series of measurements in each tumor. Experiment 2 was an analysis of the difference in data variance incurred when comparing oxygen measurements using oxygen electrodes of two different sizes. Experiment 3 compared the proportion of tumor necrosis to the proportion of very low (,2.5 mm Hg) polarographic oxygen measurements. Experiment 4 was designed to explore the correlation between oxygenation and treatment outcomes after nonsurgical management. Results No gradient of oxygenation was found within cervical lymph node metastases from head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (P > .9). Tumor measurements achieved with larger (17 ,m) electrodes displayed smaller variances than those obtained with smaller (12 ,m) electrodes, although this difference failed to reach statistical significance (P = .60). There was no correlation between tumor necrosis and the proportion of very low (,2.5 mm Hg) oxygen measurements. There was a nonsignificant trend toward poorer locoregional control and overall survival in hypoxic tumors. Conclusions Hypoxia exists within cervical lymph node metastases from head and neck squamous carcinomas, but the hypoxic regions are distributed essentially randomly. As expected, measurements of oxygen achieved with larger electrodes results in lowered variance, but with no change in overall tumor mean oxygen levels. Polarographic oxygen measurements are independent of tumor necrosis. Finally, oxygenation as an independent variable is incapable of predicting prognosis, probably reflecting the multifactorial nature of the biological behavior of head and neck cancers. [source] Low recurrence rate after surgery for dermatofibrosarcoma protuberansCANCER, Issue 5 2004A multidisciplinary approach from a single institution Abstract BACKGROUND Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare sarcoma with a propensity for local recurrence. Treatments with wide excision, Mohs surgery, and other approaches have been reported with widely variable local control rates. The objective of this study was to review the experience with a multidisciplinary approach employing wide excision and Mohs surgery selectively in the treatment of patients with DFSP at a single academic institution over the past 10 years. METHODS The records of 62 patients with 63 DFSP tumors who underwent wide excision, Mohs surgery, or a multidisciplinary combination approach from January 1991 to December 2000 were reviewed retrospectively. Primary endpoints included the ability to extirpate the DFSP lesion completely, the tumor recurrence rate, and the need for skin grafts or local tissue flaps. Additional objectives included defining surgical practice patterns at the authors' institution. RESULTS Sixty-three DFSP lesions were removed from 62 patients. At a median follow-up of 4.4 years, no local or distant recurrences were detected in any patient. Forty-three lesions were treated with wide local excision, 11 lesions were treated with Mohs surgery, and 9 lesions were treated with a combination approach. Ninety-five percent of lesions that were approached initially with wide local excision were cleared histologically. Two patients (5%) received postoperative radiation for positive margins after undergoing maximal excision. Eighty-five percent of lesions that were approached initially with Mohs surgery were cleared histologically. The remaining 15% of lesions subsequently were cleared surgically with a wide excision. DFSP lesions that were approached initially with Mohs surgery tended to be smaller. Patients with head and neck lesions most often underwent Mohs surgery or were treated with a multidisciplinary combination approach (87%). CONCLUSIONS Wide local excision with careful pathologic analysis of margins was found to have a very low recurrence rate and was used for the majority of patients with DFSP lesions at the authors' institution. Wide local excision, Mohs surgery, and a multidisciplinary combination approach, selected based on both tumor and patient factors, were capable of achieving very high local control rates in the treatment of DFSP. The evolution of a multidisciplinary approach has provided a level of expertise that no single individual could achieve for the treatment of the full spectrum of DFSP lesions at the authors' institution. Cancer 2004;100:1008,16. © 2004 American Cancer Society. [source] 17 Our Patients, Our Residents, Their Case-Based Evidence: Development of an Intradepartmental Medical Education JournalACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 2008Christopher Miller As clinical educators, we place a premium on teaching at the bedside. This academic medicine hallmark has many competitors in today's challenging emergency department environment. We therefore sought to complement bedside teaching with the creation of a monthly, case-based, best-evidence-practice, intra-departmental medical education journal. Residents were encouraged to annotate interesting cases during their shifts in a written log found in the emergency department. Monthly, a senior EM resident reviewed the cases and earmarked a select few for detailed review based on their potential educational merit. Comprehensive, evidence-based teaching summaries were presented in a case-report format (see attached examples). The completed manuscript was distributed electronically to staff and residents as a monthly medical education journal. Survey methodology performed at the conclusion of the publication's first year assessed its educational impact and estimated resources required for publication. 90% of residents reported reading the journal monthly, and 80% felt it was of high educational value. The mean preparation time was 16 hours per month. To assess reproducible and lasting didactic benefit, the journal was introduced at a second EM academic institution. To date, 19 issues at the primary site and 7 issues at the second have been published. Multi-institutional validation of its educational impact is ongoing, but interim analysis suggests continued success at both sites. [source] An Innovative Strategy for Conducting Clinical Research: The Academic Associate ProgramACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 2 2002Judd E. Hollander MD Performance of high-quality clinical research usually requires procurement of substantial funding to support and sustain the research infrastructure. The authors have developed a program to support a research infrastructure that minimizes financial start-up costs and maximizes productivity of clinical-educator faculty with limited protected time. The program integrates clinical research with undergraduate education. The authors report the experience with the academic associate program at two academic institutions. They describe the program, provide measures of program success, and discuss potential methods for other institutions to initiate similar programs. Similar programs can be developed in a variety of outpatient and inpatient settings allowing the performance of high-quality clinical research in a time-efficient and cost-effective manner. [source] Research Productivity and Social Capital in Australian Higher EducationHIGHER EDUCATION QUARTERLY, Issue 2 2010Mohammad Salaran This study investigates the role of social capital in raising research productivity in academic institutions. Social capital as a strategic resource embedded in social relationships can be utilised towards decreasing pressures from external environmental conditions, such as the global financial crisis. A survey was sent to academic staff in five universities in Victoria, to collect data regarding their frequency of communications and research productivity. The findings indicated that there is a significant and positive correlation between social interactions and research productivity. Regression analysis demonstrated that social interactions as an independent variable predict research productivity of academics. [source] Duty Hours in Emergency Medicine: Balancing Patient Safety, Resident Wellness, and the Resident Training Experience: A Consensus Response to the 2008 Institute of Medicine Resident Duty Hours RecommendationsACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 9 2010Mary Jo Wagner MD Abstract Representatives of emergency medicine (EM) were asked to develop a consensus report that provided a review of the past and potential future effects of duty hour requirements for EM residency training. In addition to the restrictions made in 2003 by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), the potential effects of the 2008 Institute of Medicine (IOM) report on resident duty hours were postulated. The elements highlighted include patient safety, resident wellness, and the resident training experience. Many of the changes and recommendations did not affect EM as significantly as other specialties. Current training standards in EM have already emphasized patient safety by requiring continuous on-site supervision of residents. Resident fatigue has been addressed with restrictions of shift lengths and limitation of consecutive days worked. One recommendation from the IOM was a required 5-hour rest period for residents on call. Emergency department (ED) patient safety becomes an important concern with the decrease in the availability and in the patient load of a resident consultant that may result from this recommendation. Of greater concern is the already observed slower throughput time for admitted patients waiting for resident care, which will increase ED crowding and decrease patient safety in academic institutions. A balance between being overly prescriptive with duty hour restrictions and trying to improve resident wellness was recommended. Discussion is included regarding the appropriate length of EM training programs if clinical experiences were limited by new duty hour regulations. Finally, this report presents a review of the financing issues associated with any changes. ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:1004,1011 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine [source] Current Practice, Demographics, and Trends of Critical Care Trained Emergency Physicians in the United StatesACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 3 2010Julie A. Mayglothling MD Abstract Objectives:, Critical care medicine (CCM) is of growing interest among emergency physicians (EPs), but the number of CCM-trained EPs and their postfellowship practice is unknown. This study's purpose was to conduct a descriptive census survey of EPs who have completed or are currently in a CCM fellowship. Methods:, The authors created a Web-based survey, and requests to participate were sent to EPs who have completed or are currently in a CCM fellowship. Responses were collected over a 12-month period. Physicians were located via multiple whom electronic mailing lists, including the Emergency Medicine Section of the Society of Critical Care Medicine, Critical Care Section of the American College of Emergency Physicians, and the Emergency Medicine Residents' Association. The authors also contacted CCM fellowship coordinators and used informal networking. Data were collected on emergency medicine (EM) and other residency training; discipline, duration, and year of CCM fellowship; current practice setting; and board certification status, including the European Diploma in Intensive Care (EDIC). Results:, A total of 104 physicians completed the survey (97% response rate), of whom 73 had completed fellowship at the time of participation, and 31 of whom were in fellowship training. Of those who completed fellowship, 36/73 (49%) practice both EM and CCM, and 45/73 (62%) practice in academic institutions. Multiple disciplines of fellowship were represented: multidisciplinary (39), surgical (28), internal medicine (16), anesthesia (14), and other (4). Together, the CCM fellowships at the University of Maryland R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center and the University of Pittsburgh have trained 42% of all EM-CCM physicians, with 38 other institutions training from one to four fellows each. The number of EPs completing CCM fellowships has risen: from 1974 to 1989, 12 EPs; from 1990 to 1999, 15 EPs; and from 2000 to 2007, 43 EPs. Conclusions:, Emergency physicians are entering CCM fellowships in increasing numbers. Almost half of these EPs practice both EM and CCM. ACADAEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:325,329 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine [source] Ranking institutional settings based on publications in community psychology journalsJOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 8 2007Leonard A. Jason Two primary outlets for community psychology research, the American Journal of Community Psychology and the Journal of Community Psychology, were assessed to rank institutions based on publication frequency and scientific influence of publications over a 32-year period. Three specific periods were assessed (1973,1983, 1984,1994, 1995,2004). Findings indicate that there were a large group of institutions that published articles during these periods. Those academic institutions that had the most published articles as well as the largest influence, based on citations by other authors, were identified. Using archival data from the community psychology literature represents one approach for identifying those settings that made substantial contributions to the development and growth of the field. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 35: 967,979, 2007. [source] A Model Food Entrepreneur Assistance and Education Program: The Northeast Center for Food EntrepreneurshipJOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE EDUCATION, Issue 4 2005Michele R. Cranwell ABSTRACT: The Northeast Center for Food Entrepreneurship (NECFE) is a collaborative effort between Cornell Univ. and the Univ. of Vermont. NECFE uses a multi-institutional and regional collaboration approach, with specific expertise and necessary facilities and resources, to provide technical assistance and education for businesses in the food industry. The overall goals of NECFE are to support and sustain rural businesses and promote sustainable economic development of rural communities. Through process evaluation techniques, the evaluators of NECFE identified 5 essential components of a model food entrepreneurship assistance and education center, based on NECFE's experience: (1) multi-institutional and regional collaboration, (2) expertise, (3) facilities and resources, (4) services, and (5) evaluation of the center. These components build on each other and enable NECFE to provide clients with access to current food processing technology, technical information, and education that are directly applicable to a real business. Through replication of this model, other organizations and academic institutions may establish a regional food entrepreneurship assistance and education center. [source] A journey of hope: lessons learned from studies on rare diseases and orphan drugsJOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE, Issue 1 2006M. WÄSTFELT Abstract. Rare diseases are frequently life-threatening or chronically debilitating and the impact on the quality of life of affected patients and their family members is thus significant. However, drug development for these conditions has been limited by a lack of understanding of the underlying mechanisms of disease and the relative unavailability of subjects for clinical trials, as well as the prohibitive cost of investing in a novel pharmaceutical agent with poor market potential. Nevertheless, the introduction of Orphan Drug legislations has provided important incentives for the development of orphan drugs (i.e. drugs that have been abandoned or ,orphaned' by major drug companies). Moreover, recent studies on rare diseases, including inherited immunodeficiencies and metabolic disorders, have served not only to alleviate the plight of patients with rare diseases, but also yielded valuable information on biological processes of relevance for other, more common conditions. These lessons, along with the crucial importance of cooperation between academic institutions, pharmaceutical companies, patient advocacy groups and society in the elucidation of rare diseases, are highlighted in the present review. [source] Reflexive Evaluation of an Academic,Industry Research Collaboration: Can Mode 2 Management Research be Achieved?JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES, Issue 5 2009Nathalie Mitev abstract We present a reflexive retrospective account of a UK government research council funded project deploying knowledge management software to support environmental sustainability in the construction industry. This project was set up in a form typical of a Mode 2 research programme involving several academic institutions and industrial partners, and aspiring to fulfil the Mode 2 criteria seen as transdisciplinarity and business relevance. The multidisciplinary nature is analysed through retrospectively reflecting upon the research process and activities we carried out, and is found to be problematic. No real consensus was reached between the partners on the ,context of application'. Difficulties between industry and academia, within industry and within academia led to diverging agendas and different alignments for participants. The context of application does not (pre-)exist independently of institutional influences, and in itself cannot drive transdisciplinarity since it is subject to competing claims and negotiations. There were unresolved tensions in terms of private vs. public construction companies and their expectations of ICT-based knowledge management, and in terms of the sustainable construction agenda. This post hoc reflexive account, enables us to critique our own roles in having developed a managerial technology for technically sophisticated and powerful private industrial actors to the detriment of public sector construction partners, having bypassed sustainability issues, and not reached transdisciplinarity. We argue that this is due to institutional pressures and instrumentalization from academia, industry and government and a restricted notion of business relevance. There exists a politically motivated tendency to oppose Mode 1 academic research to practitioner-oriented Mode 2 approaches to management research. We argue that valuing the links between co-existing Mode 1 and 2 research activities would support a more genuine and fuller exploration of the context of application. [source] The persisting challenge of selective and specific proteasome inhibition,JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE SCIENCE, Issue 2 2009Michael Groll Abstract Since the discovery of the proteasome and its structure elucidation intensive research programs in academic institutions and pharmaceutical industries led to identification of a wide spectrum of synthetic and natural small proteasomal inhibitors. Activity studies with these small molecules helped to deeply understand the complex biochemical organization and functioning of the proteasome. The new structural and biochemical insights placed the proteasome as an important anti-cancer drug target, as revealed by the dipeptide boronate proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, which is currently used for treatment of multiple myeloma. Serious side effects and partial cell resistance against bortezomib demand creation and discovery of new improved generations of more specific and potent proteasomal inhibitors. Copyright © 2008 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Scaling phenomena in the growth dynamics of scientific outputJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Issue 9 2005Kaushik Matia We analyze a set of three databases at different levels of aggregation: (a) a database of approximately 106 publications from 247 countries published from 1980,2001, (b) a database of 508 academic institutions from the European Union (EU) and 408 institutes from the United States for the 11-year period of 1991,2001, and (c) a database of 2,330 Flemish authors published in the period from 1980,2000. At all levels of aggregation we find that the mean annual growth rates of publications is independent of the number of publications of the various units involved. We also find that the standard deviation of the distribution of annual growth rates decays with the number of publications as a power law with exponent , 0.3. These findings are consistent with those of recent studies of systems such as the size of research and development funding budgets of countries, the research publication volumes of U.S. universities, and the size of business firms. [source] CANADIAN URBAN POLITICS: ANOTHER "BLACK HOLE"?JOURNAL OF URBAN AFFAIRS, Issue 3 2010GABRIEL EIDELMAN ABSTRACT:,This article supplements and enriches,Judd's and Sapotichne, Jones, and Wolfe's,controversial diagnosis of a disjuncture between "mainstream" political science and the study of urban politics in the United States by suggesting that Canadian urban political science scholarship is equally isolated. Yet for the most part, the underlying causes of this predicament differ greatly from the U.S. experience. We offer three interpretations,one institutional, one epistemological, and one ontological,to explain the marginality of Canadian urban political science in relation to both mainstream Canadian political science and American urban politics. First, the growth of Canadian urban political science has been inhibited not because there are too few interested scholars, but rather because interested faculty are so thinly dispersed across the country's academic institutions. Second, unlike the American experience, the historical development of Canadian political science as a discipline has led it to focus on national-level issues at the expense of local and urban politics. Finally, Canadian cities have developed differently from American cities in important respects, again leading Canadian scholars to privilege the national over the local. [source] Attitudes of health sciences faculty members towards interprofessional teamwork and educationMEDICAL EDUCATION, Issue 9 2007Vernon R Curran Objectives, Faculty attitudes are believed to be a barrier to successful implementation of interprofessional education (IPE) initiatives within academic health sciences settings. The purpose of this study was to examine specific attributes of faculty members, which might relate to attitudes towards IPE and interprofessional teamwork. Methods, A survey was distributed to all faculty members in the medicine, nursing, pharmacy and social work programmes at our institution. Respondents were asked to rate their attitudes towards interprofessional health care teams, IPE and interprofessional learning in an academic setting using scales adopted from the peer-reviewed literature. Information on the characteristics of the respondents was also collected, including data on gender, prior experience with IPE, age and years of practice experience. Results, A total response rate of 63.0% was achieved. Medicine faculty members reported significantly lower mean scores (P < 0.05) than nursing faculty on attitudes towards IPE, interprofessional teams and interprofessional learning in the academic setting. Female faculty and faculty who reported prior experience in IPE reported significantly higher mean scores (P < 0.05). Neither age, years of practice experience nor experience as a health professional educator appeared to be related to overall attitudinal responses towards IPE or interprofessional teamwork. Conclusions, The findings have implications for both the advancement of IPE within academic institutions and strategies to promote faculty development initiatives. In terms of IPE evaluation, the findings also highlight the importance of measuring baseline attitudinal constructs as part of systematic evaluative activities when introducing new IPE initiatives within academic settings. [source] Barriers and Strategies to the Revision Process From an Editor's PerspectiveNURSING FORUM, Issue 2 2009Daniel D. Moos CRNA Writing for publication is an important component of nursing scholarship. Navigation of the publication process can be challenging for both the novice and expert writer. Despite a number of published articles related to writing for publication, there is a paucity of research in barriers encountered after manuscript submission. Fourteen nurse editors participated in this qualitative descriptive study. The purpose of the study was to identify and describe actual or perceived barriers that nurse authors encounter during the revision process from the editor's perspective. In addition, editors described various strategies that are employed during the revision process. Seven categories were identified related to barriers encountered by the nurse author, which include novice author, revision request, author guidelines, academic integrity, motivation, time, and international submissions. Five strategies employed by editors were identified, and include their approach to the author, revision request, mentorship, time, and the peer reviewer. Approaches to minimize, reduce, or remove barriers included four key players: academic institutions, editor, author, and institutions. This study confirms much of what has been written in articles concerning writing for publication. The current study provides additional illumination of this subject and can be instrumental in allowing the editor, author, academia, and healthcare institutions to reflect on their role in reducing barriers and promoting nursing scholarship. To promote continued growth in nursing scholarship, it is important for authors, editors, academia, and healthcare institutions to seek ways to reduce barriers that may be encountered during the revision process. [source] Considerations in establishing an oral disease clinical research centerORAL DISEASES, Issue 7 2010ML Barnett Oral Diseases (2010) 16, 586,591 High quality clinical research is necessary to improve oral health and translate research findings to the practice of dentistry. This has led many academic institutions to consider establishing a formal clinical research center. This is not a trivial undertaking and requires that the center have an appropriate physical infrastructure, trained investigators with recognized expertise in the planning and conduct of high quality clinical research, and very importantly, a financial plan to assure its long-term sustainability. The purpose of this paper is to provide some guidance and practical advice with respect to factors that should be considered in developing and maintaining a successful oral disease clinical research center. [source] A Global Ranking of Political Science DepartmentsPOLITICAL STUDIES REVIEW, Issue 3 2004Simon Hix Rankings of academic institutions are key information tools for universities, funding agencies, students and faculty. The main method for ranking departments in political science, through peer evaluations, is subjective, biased towards established institutions, and costly in terms of time and money. The alternative method, based on supposedly ,objective' measures of outputs in scientific journals, has thus far only been applied narrowly in political science, using publications in a small number of US-based journals. An alternative method is proposed in this paper , that of ranking departments based on the quantity and impact of their publications in the 63 main political science journals in a given five-year period. The result is a series of global and easily updatable rankings that compare well with results produced by applying a similar method in economics. [source] Creating University Spin-Offs: A Science-Based Design Perspective,THE JOURNAL OF PRODUCT INNOVATION MANAGEMENT, Issue 2 2008Elco Van Burg Academic entrepreneurship by means of university spin-offs commercializes technological breakthroughs, which may otherwise remain unexploited. However, many universities face difficulties in creating spin-offs. This article adopts a science-based design approach to connect scholarly research with the pragmatics of effectively creating university spin-offs. This approach serves to link the practice of university spin-off creation, via design principles, to the scholarly knowledge in this area. As such, science-based design promotes the interplay between emergent and deliberate design processes. This framework is used to develop a set of design principles that are practice based as well as grounded in the existing body of research on university spin-offs. A case-study of spin-off creation at a Dutch university illustrates the interplay between initial processes characterized by emergent design and the subsequent process that was more deliberate in nature. This case study also suggests there are two fundamentally different phases in building capacity for university spin-off creation. First, an infrastructure for spin-off creation (including a collaborative network of investors, managers and advisors) is developed that then enables support activities to individual spin-off ventures. This study concludes that to build and increase capacity for creating spin-offs, universities should do the following: (1) create university-wide awareness of entrepreneurship opportunities, stimulate the development of entrepreneurial ideas, and subsequently screen entrepreneurs and ideas by programs targeted at students and academic staff; (2) support start-up teams in composing and learning the right mix of venturing skills and knowledge by providing access to advice, coaching, and training; (3) help starters in obtaining access to resources and developing their social capital by creating a collaborative network organization of investors, managers, and advisors; (4) set clear and supportive rules and procedures that regulate the university spin-off process, enhance fair treatment of involved parties, and separate spin-off processes from academic research and teaching; and (5) shape a university culture that reinforces academic entrepreneurship by creating norms and exemplars that mo ivate entrepreneurial behavior. These and other results of this study illustrate how science-based design can connect scholarly research to the pragmatics of actually creating spin-offs in academic institutions. [source] Patents and Innovation in Cancer Therapeutics: Lessons from CellProTHE MILBANK QUARTERLY, Issue 4 2002Avital Bar-Shalom How scientific knowledge is translated into diagnostic and therapeutic tools is important to patients with dread diseases as well as to regulators and policymakers. Patents play a crucial role in that process. Indeed, concern that the fruits of federally funded research would languish without commercial application led to the passage of the Bayh-Dole Act (PL 96-517), which reinforced incentives to patent the results of inventions arising from federally funded research (Eisenberg 1996). Subsequently, rates of patenting among U.S. academic institutions have increased (Henderson, Jaffe, and Trajtenberg 1988). A recent survey by the Association of University Technology Managers counted 20,968 licenses and options from 175 academic institutions and 6,375 patent applications filed in fiscal year 2000 (Pressman 2002). Analysis suggests that the number of academic patents was already rising when the Bayh-Dole Act was passed in 1980 (Mowery et al. 2001), but it is clear that the act reinforced the patenting norm in research universities and mandated a technology transfer infrastructure at those universities that had not yet established a technology licensing office. This article discusses the interaction between intellectual property and cancer treatment. CellPro developed a stem cell separation technology based on research at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center. A patent with broad claims to bone marrow stem cell antibodies had been awarded to Johns Hopkins University and licensed to Baxter Healthcare under the 1980 Bayh-Dole Act to promote commercial use of inventions from federally funded research. CellPro got FDA approval more than two years before Baxter but lost patent infringement litigation. NIH elected not to compel Hopkins to license its patents to CellPro. CellPro went out of business, selling its technology to its competitor. Decisions at both firms and university licensing offices, and policies at the Patent and Trademark Office, NIH, and the courts influenced the outcome. [source] Antibiotic prophylaxis in elective colorectal surgeryANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY, Issue 4 2002Yunus A. Gul Background: Antibiotics are often administered in elective colorectal surgery to prevent wound infection. The tendency for surgeons to prolong the administration of prophylactic antibiotic therapy in the postoperative period is a well-known fact. The aim of this study was to elucidate the pattern of prophylactic antibiotic utilization in elective colorectal surgery and to determine if evidence-based medicine is employed in relation to this practice. Methods: A cross-sectional study encompassing general surgeons performing elective colorectal surgery was performed. Questionnaires were distributed to 144 surgeons (national, academic and private health care). Questions pertaining to the type, timing and duration of antibiotic administration were asked. The prevalence of wound infection audit rate and whether or not there were specific guidelines related to antibiotic administration were also determined. Results: The response rate obtained was 67% (n = 96). Although evidence from the current medical literature and recommended national guidelines support the use of single-dose prophylactic antibiotics, 72% of the respondents used more than a single dose. Forty surgeons (42%) claimed that their prescribing practice was supported by the medical literature, 31 respondents (32%) based their practice on hospital guidelines and personal preference was cited as a reason by 21 surgeons (22%). The remaining four respondents (4%) used a similar scheduling policy to that practiced by their colleagues in relation to antibiotic administration. There was no significant difference in antibiotic dose scheduling between national, private and university academic institutions (P = 0.85). Conclusions: These results suggest that a significant proportion of surgeons administer excessive and unnecessary doses of antibiotics in elective colorectal surgery. Further studies are required to uncover the reasons but lack of appropriate guidelines and failure to exercise evidence-based medicine are major factors that account for this practice. [source] Adjunctive use of the Rinspiration system for fluidic thrombectomy during primary angioplasty: The Rinspiration international registry,CATHETERIZATION AND CARDIOVASCULAR INTERVENTIONS, Issue 2 2008Marco De Carlo MD Abstract Background: Atherothrombotic embolization during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) induces microvascular obstruction and reduces myocardial tissue reperfusion. A variety of thrombectomy devices have been evaluated as an adjunct to primary PCI in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) to reduce distal embolization. Results have been inconsistent and difficult to predict. The aim of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of an innovative thrombectomy device, the Rinspiration System, which simultaneously "rinses" the vessel with turbulent flow and aspirates thrombus. Methods: We prospectively enrolled 109 patients at six academic institutions in three countries referred for primary or rescue PCI for STEMI presenting within 12 hr of symptom onset. The primary endpoint was ,50% ST-segment elevation resolution (STR) measured 60 min after PCI by continuous elctrocardiographic recording, Secondary end points included STR > 70% at 60 min, final TIMI flow, myocardial blush score, and 30-day major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Results: Mean symptom-to-PCI time was 4.7 ± 2.7 hr. Rinspiration was successfully delivered in 98% of cases. Final TIMI three flow was achieved in 89% of patients and myocardial blush ,2 in 78%. Rates of STR , 50% and >70% at 60 min were 97 and 80%, respectively. No device-related complications were observed. Thirty-day MACE rate was 4.6%. Conclusions: This international multicenter registry demonstrates that the adjunctive use of Rinspiration during primary PCI is safe and feasible. The excellent STR data compare favorably with results of previous trials using different devices for thrombus management, indicating a potential clinical benefit. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||