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Academic Community (academic + community)
Selected AbstractsHigher Education Communities and Academic IdentityHIGHER EDUCATION QUARTERLY, Issue 3 2000Maurice Kogan The slippery use to which the word ,community' is applied in higher education studies and pronouncements makes it desirable that it should be better defined and related to more bounded assumptions about individual academic identity and relationships within academe. There is discussion of the academic communities of the invisible colleges and their modes of internal governance by elites and the communitarian implications of the changing pattern of institutional management. The relationship of academics and their institutions to the wider world of society and the economy is considered. It is concluded that external connections are not best pursued through assumptions of shared community but of acceptance of differentiation and exchange. [source] The Use of Simulation in the Development of Individual Cognitive Expertise in Emergency MedicineACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Issue 11 2008William Bond MD Abstract This consensus group from the 2008 Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference, "The Science of Simulation in Healthcare: Defining and Developing Clinical Expertise," held in Washington, DC, May 28, 2008, focused on the use of simulation for the development of individual expertise in emergency medicine (EM). Methodologically sound qualitative and quantitative research will be needed to illuminate, refine, and test hypotheses in this area. The discussion focused around six primary topics: the use of simulation to study the behavior of experts, improving the overall competence of clinicians in the shortest time possible, optimizing teaching strategies within the simulation environment, using simulation to diagnose and remediate performance problems, and transferring learning to the real-world environment. Continued collaboration between academic communities that include medicine, cognitive psychology, and education will be required to answer these questions. [source] Child abuse in China: a yet-to-be-acknowledged ,social problem' in the Chinese MainlandCHILD & FAMILY SOCIAL WORK, Issue 1 2005D. P. Qiao ABSTRACT Child abuse or child maltreatment has been a worldwide concern. In China, however, it receives scant attention from both academic communities and government. Chinese society has little awareness of child abuse as it is known in the West and there are apparently different conceptions and treatments of the problem. This paper attempts to delineate how the problem is now understood and treated in Mainland China. The reasons why child abuse has not yet been recognized as a social problem worthy of public concern in China are explored. It is argued that as a signatory of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child there is a need for the Chinese government, the academic community and professionals to reflect on their conception and treatment of child abuse so as to achieve more effective child protection for all children who are victims of child abuse. [source] Service Management,Academic Issues and Scholarly Reflections from Operations Management Researchers,DECISION SCIENCES, Issue 2 2007Richard Metters ABSTRACT Services are now a larger portion of the economy than manufacturing for every nation on Earth, and services are an overwhelming portion of Western economies. While decision-making research has begun responding to this change, much of the scholarly work still addresses manufacturing issues. Particularly revealing is the field of operations management (OM), in which the proportion of manuscripts dedicated to services has been estimated at 3%, 6%, and 7.5% by various authors. We investigate several possible reasons for the neglect of services in research, including the difficulty in defining services, viewing services as derivative activities, a lack of defined processes, a lack of scale in services, and the effect of variability on service performance. We argue that times have changed, and none of these reasons is valid anymore. We sound the warning that failure to emphasize services in our research and teaching may signal the decline of the discipline. We note the proportion of OM faculty in business schools has shrunk in the past 10 years. Finally, we examine a selection of service research agendas and note several directions for high-impact, innovative research to revitalize the decision sciences. With practitioners joining the call for more research in services, the academic community has an exciting opportunity to embrace services and reshape its future. [source] The alcohol industry and public interest scienceADDICTION, Issue 2 2010Kerstin Stenius ABSTRACT Aims This report argues that the growing involvement of the alcohol industry in scientific research needs to be acknowledged and addressed. It suggests a set of principles to guide ethical decision-making in the future. Methods We review relevant issues with regard to relationships between the alcohol industry and the international academic community, especially alcohol research scientists. The guiding principles proposed are modelled after expert committee statements, and describe the responsibilities of governmental agencies, the alcohol industry, journal editors and the academic community. These are followed by recommendations designed to inform individuals and institutions about current ,best practices' that are consistent with the principles. Findings and conclusions Growing evidence from the tobacco, pharmaceutical and medical fields suggests that financial interests of researchers may compromise their professional judgement and lead to research results that are biased in favour of commercial interests. It is recommended that the integrity of alcohol science is best served if all financial relationships with the alcoholic beverage industry are avoided. In cases where research funding, consulting, writing assignments and other activities are initiated, institutions, individuals and the alcoholic beverage industry itself are urged to follow appropriate guidelines that will increase the transparency and ethicality of such relationships. [source] Democrats with adjectives: Linking direct and indirect measures of democratic supportEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF POLITICAL RESEARCH, Issue 5 2007ANDREAS SCHEDLER Since people may entertain competing democratic ideas and ideals, however, the academic community ignores the extent to which standard questions capture citizen support for liberal democracy. To solve the validity problems associated with direct measures of democratic support, this article proposes linking them to more concrete, indirect measures of support for democratic principles and institutions. It employs the statistical technique of cluster analysis to establish this linkage. Cluster analysis permits grouping respondents in a way that is open to complex and inconsistent attitudinal profiles. It permits the identification of ,democrats with adjectives' who support democracy in the abstract, while rejecting core principles of liberal democracy. The article demonstrates the fruitfulness of this approach by drawing a map of ,illiberal democrats' in Mexico on the basis of the country's 2003 National Survey on Political Culture. [source] PERSPECTIVE: TEACHING EVOLUTION IN HIGHER EDUCATIONEVOLUTION, Issue 10 2002Brian J. Alters Abstract., In the past decade, the academic community has increased considerably its activity concerning the teaching and learning of evolution. Despite such beneficial activity, the state of public understanding of evolution is considered woefully lacking by most researchers and educators. This lack of understanding affects evolution/science literacy, research, and academia in general. Not only does the general public lack an understanding of evolution but so does a considerable proportion of college graduates. However, it is not just evolutionary concepts that students do not retain. In general, college students retain little of what they supposedly have learned. Worse yet, it is not just students who have avoided science and math who fail to retain fundamental science concepts. Students who have had extensive secondary-level and college courses in science have similar deficits. We examine these issues and explore what distinguishes effective pedagogy from ineffective pedagogy in higher education in general and evolution education in particular. The fundamental problem of students' prior conceptions is considered and why prior conceptions often underpin students' misunderstanding of the evolutionary concepts being taught. These conceptions can often be discovered and addressed. We also attend to concerns about coverage of course content and the influence of religious beliefs, and provide helpful strategies to improve college-level teaching of evolution. [source] A hindrance to communication: the use of difficult and incomprehensible languageINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED LINGUISTICS, Issue 2 2002Karol Janicki This paper gives a brief theoretical background to and reports on three empirical studies carried out within the theoretical framework of folk linguistics, using questionnaire data. The paper is concerned with the layperson's reactions to the use of difficult and incomprehensible language. In study 1, subjects from Norway, Poland, Germany, and the USA were asked to indicate which professional groups exhibit the use of difficult language. They were also asked to suggest reasons for that use. In study 2, subjects from Norway, Poland, Germany, and the UK were asked to answer questions concerning the use of incomprehensible language in the academic community. Study 3 was similar to study 2, but in this case only highly comparable subjects from the USA and Poland were recruited. The three studies show that the use of difficult and incomprehensible language is perceived by the layperson as a serious sociolinguistic problem. They point to lawyers, politicians, computer specialists, academics and medical doctors as the heaviest users of such language. They also show that such language exerts much negative impact on the educational process and that the educational domain is a huge potential field for future research in this respect. [source] The Global Governance of Communicable Diseases: The Case for Vaccine R&DLAW & POLICY, Issue 1 2005DANIELE ARCHIBUGI Fighting communicable diseases such HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis (TB, and malaria has become a global endeavor, with international health authorities urging the development of effective vaccines for the eradication of these global pandemics. Yet, despite the acknowledged urgency, and given the feasibility of effective vaccine development, public and private research efforts have failed to address a response adequate to the magnitude of the crisis. Members of the academic community suggest bridging this gap by devising research pull mechanisms capable of stimulating private investments, confident that competition-based market devices are more effective than public intervention in shaping scientific breakthroughs. With reference to the economics of innovation, the paper argues that, whilst such an approach would lead to a socially suboptimal production of knowledge, direct public intervention in vaccine R&D activities would represent a far more socially desirable policy option. In recognition of the current financial and political fatigue affecting the international community towards communicable disease control, the paper resorts to the theories of global public goods (GPGs) to provide governments, both in the North and in the South, with a powerful rationale for committing to a cooperative approach for vaccine R&D. The paper encourages the creation of a Global Health Research Fund to manage such exercise and proposes enshrining countries' commitments into an International Health Treaty. The paper ends by providing a number of policy recommendations. [source] Does the Public Intellectual Have Intellectual Integrity?METAPHILOSOPHY, Issue 5 2002Linda Martín Alcoff This article is concerned with the devaluation of the work of public intellectuals within the academic community. The principal reason given for this devaluation is that the work of the public intellectual does not have intellectual integrity as independent thought and original scholarship. I develop three models of public intellectual work: the permanent,critic model, the popularizer model, and the public,theorist model. I then consider each model in relation to the concern with intellectual integrity and conclude that both independent thought and original scholarship are possible within work that is engaged with nonacademic publics. [source] Casting Out Demons: The Native Anthropologist and Healing in the HomelandNORTH AMERICAN DIALOGUE (ELECTRONIC), Issue 1 2007Tanya L. Ceja-Zamarripa This article addresses academic and social costs experienced by anthropologists studying their own ethnic group. It explores how one "native" anthropologist navigates her roles as ethnographer and insider while researching curanderismo, a religiously inflected form of ethnomedicine within increasingly secular and commercialized Mexican American urban spheres. Is academic credibility weakened because the anthropologist shares the cultural history of her/his informants? When your community entrusts you with their spiritual, emotional and social woes, do they see you as ethnographer, insider, or both? To be privy to the ritual knowledge and practices of healers and the individual struggles of clients to find respite from pain is a great responsibility as curanderismo has often been pathologized by anthropology as a "primitive" tradition used only by the ignorant and backward. Given this history, the native anthropologist must find a way to manage allegiance to her cultural as well as academic community. I suggest that doing "native" research is its own form of "exorcism," casting out demons in a field that often silences native voices and holds native anthropology in lower esteem. [source] Anton Chekhov and English NostalgiaORBIS LITERARUM, Issue 2 2001Svetlana O. Klimenko Anton Chekhov is the most frequently performed foreigner on the British stage, and, significantly, he is also the most often rewritten playwright in British drama. However, we still seem to be lacking a scholarly insight into this established phenomenon, dubbed in modern theatre history ,British Chekhov'. The remarkable quantity and quality of reincarnations of Chekhov in English are still interpreted by the academic community in terms of either sheer statistics or pure sentiment. Even more significantly, there appears to be no link between the ever revolutionary, and dispersed, developments in modern British drama , with playwrights finding ever new modes of looking back in anger, and the proliferation of British Chekhov, a body of a few repeatedly recycled plays, produced by the same playwrights, looking back in nostalgia. The present article offers a textually based and contextually informed analysis of Chekhov's metamorphoses in English. The analysis demonstrates the ways in which the transmigration of Chekhov's grammar, syntax and discourse structure from Russian to English brings out the essential nostalgic motif in his drama and elevates it to the level of universal human longing. The consideration of Anton Chekhov's fate in Britain, thus, transgresses the limits of a mere case study in the impossibility of translation, and opens up a discussion of the impossibility of representation itself as a common, and growing, concern of all twentieth century art. [source] The National Minimum Wage: Coverage, Impact and Future,OXFORD BULLETIN OF ECONOMICS & STATISTICS, Issue 2002David Metcalf Abstract Since its establishment in 1997, the Low Pay Commission (LPC) , whose main task is to recommend the rate for the national minimum wage (NMW) to the Prime Minister and the Secretary of State for Trade and Industry , has operated in a very open manner. Commissioners and the (small) secretariat have visited all the corners of the UK and hundreds of workplaces. Large volumes of written evidence and much oral evidence inform successive reports (LPC, 1998, 2000, 2001a,b, 2003). The LPC also values and nurtures its links with the academic community, many of whom have undertaken research for the LPC which has greatly contributed to the debate on the merits or otherwise of the NMW. In addition the LPC have periodically held conferences where the latest research on low pay and the NMW is discussed and evaluated. Some of the papers in this volume were originally presented at just such a conference hosted by the Centre for Economic Performance at the London School of Economics (LSE) on 28 September 2001 and organized (beautifully) by Joanna Swaffield of York University. In what follows the conference papers, those published in this volume, and related research are put into context. Section I deals with the thorny matter of coverage and data. The impact of the NMW on the pay distribution, employment and incomes is set out in section II. Some thoughts on the future of the NMW follow in section III. [source] The UK Research Assessment Exercise: Performance Measurement and Resource AllocationAUSTRALIAN ACCOUNTING REVIEW, Issue 1 2010Jane Broadbent This paper is a personal reflection on the nature and implications of research assessment in the UK. It reflects on the extent to which the dual functions of performance measurement and resource allocation interact. It provides a description of the 2001 and 2008 Research Assessment Exercises (RAE) in the United Kingdom (UK). It also refers to the developments undertaken at the time of writing to develop the successor exercise , the Research Excellence Framework (REF). The paper illustrates the changes that have taken place over time in order to address perceived weaknesses in the structures of the RAE that have led to particular types of game playing. The RAE is a form of management control that has achieved its success by the alignment of individual and institutional interests. Success in the RAE produces both financial and reputational gains for Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs) that they are willing to pay for. Hence, the RAE has provided financial gains for academics who can deliver success. The peer-evaluation process in the UK research assessment is a key characteristic of the UK approach. While this is seen as expensive, it has maintained the legitimacy of the RAE. The accounting and finance academic community has engaged with the exercise and retained some control over the assessment process. A question is raised as to whether UK accounting and finance is likely to be subsumed in larger Business School submissions in the future. [source] The Mobilisation of the Intellectuals 1914,1915 and the Continuity of German Historical ConsciousnessAUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF POLITICS AND HISTORY, Issue 3 2002John A. Moses There is renewed historical interest in the role played by intellectuals in all belligerent countries in the period leading up to and during the First World War. Whereas prior to the war scholars from all countries engaged in civilised scientific discourse, immediately after the outbreak of war they appeared to re,discover their own fatherlands and became passionately patriotic, placing their expertise at the service of their respective countries for the prosecution of the war. On closer scrutiny, however, the case of the German intellectual elite appears significantly different from their counterparts in other belligerent countries. They perceived themselves, more than, say, the British academic community, and certainly earlier than these, as virtual prophets called to justify their nation's war policies. This paper investigates the perceptions of German intellectuals, their explanation for the war and their various war,aims programs. It is suggested that the intellectuals/academics contributed in no small way to the formation of German political will. [source] Varieties of Industrial Relations Research: Take-over, Convergence or Divergence?BRITISH JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS, Issue 2 2005Carola M. Frege Industrial relations (IR) research faces various pressures of internationalization. Not only do global economic forces increasingly shape the subject of the discipline, employment relations, but also the academic community itself is becoming more international. The article discusses whether and in what ways IR research is affected by these trends. It is based on a comparative, longitudinal study of journal publications in the USA, Britain and Germany. The findings reveal significantly different patterns of IR research across the three countries. In particular, the strong variation between US and British research patterns challenges the common notion of a homogeneous Anglo-Saxon style in conducting social science research. The analysis suggests that despite growing internationalization, IR research continues to be strongly embedded in nationally specific research cultures and traditions. [source] Identifying impediments to SRI in Europe: a review of the practitioner and academic literatureBUSINESS ETHICS: A EUROPEAN REVIEW, Issue 3 2008Carmen Juravle For more than 15 years, the investment community and the academic community have written extensively on socially responsible investment (SRI). Despite the abundance of SRI thought, the adoption of SRI practices among institutional investors is a comparative rarity. This paper endeavours to achieve two goals. First, by integrating the practitioner and academic literature on the topic, the paper attempts to identify the many impediments to SRI in Europe from an institutional investor's perspective. Second, the paper proposes a unitary framework to conceptually organize the impediments to SRI by using insights from different relevant research perspectives: behavioural finance, organizational behaviour, institutional theory, economic sociology, management science and finance. The paper concludes by presenting the main shortcomings within both the academic and the practitioner literature on SRI and by providing conceptual and methodological recommendations for further research. [source] Child abuse in China: a yet-to-be-acknowledged ,social problem' in the Chinese MainlandCHILD & FAMILY SOCIAL WORK, Issue 1 2005D. P. Qiao ABSTRACT Child abuse or child maltreatment has been a worldwide concern. In China, however, it receives scant attention from both academic communities and government. Chinese society has little awareness of child abuse as it is known in the West and there are apparently different conceptions and treatments of the problem. This paper attempts to delineate how the problem is now understood and treated in Mainland China. The reasons why child abuse has not yet been recognized as a social problem worthy of public concern in China are explored. It is argued that as a signatory of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child there is a need for the Chinese government, the academic community and professionals to reflect on their conception and treatment of child abuse so as to achieve more effective child protection for all children who are victims of child abuse. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||