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Chronic Situation (chronic + situation)
Selected AbstractsWe're still under pressure: postoperative hypertonyACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA, Issue 2009I STALMANS Purpose Postoperative hypertony is a frequent complication after trabeculectomy. This problem may occur from the early, to the late stages, and may be an acute or chronic situation. The aim of this lecture is to review the various causes with their clinical presentation and therapeutic strategy. Methods An overview will be provided on the different mechanisms that may cause hypertony after trabeculectomy, ranging from tight flap sutures or blocking of the constructed channel by various substances, over encapsulation and failing bleb to steroid response. For each of these situations, the clinical presentation and differential diagnosis will be discussed. Finally, the therapeutic options will be reviewed. Photographic and video material will be used to illustrate the various clinical presentations and therapeutic interventions. Conclusion This lecture will provide the audience with a practically oriented overview of the clinical management of hypertony after trabeculectomy. [source] Refining exposure definitions for studies of periodontal disease and systemic disease associationsCOMMUNITY DENTISTRY AND ORAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, Issue 6 2008Ryan T. Demmer Abstract,,, Background:, Substantial variation exists in reported associations between periodontal infections and cardiovascular disease. Imprecise periodontal exposure definitions are possible contributors to this variability. We studied appropriate exposure definitions for studying associations between clinical periodontal disease (PD) and systemic disease. Methods:, Data originate from men and women aged 20,79 enrolled in the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) from 1997,2001. Age and sex-adjusted correlation analysis identified PD definitions with the highest cross-sectional associations with three subclinical markers of systemic disease: plasma fibrinogen (n = 3481), serum hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (n = 3480), and common carotid artery intima-media thickness (c-IMT) (n = 1745, age , 45). Results:, In men and women, percent of sites with attachment loss (AL) ,6 mm and tooth loss both revealed the highest correlation with HbA1c (, = 0.11; several other definitions related similarly), while the strongest fibrinogen correlation was observed with percent of sites with pocket depth ,3 mm (, = 0.19). Findings for c-IMT among men were strongest for percent of sites with AL ,6 mm (, = 0.14; several other definitions related similarly) while among women, percent of sites with pocket depth ,5 or 6 mm had the highest observed correlation (, = 0.13). Conclusions:, A range of near optimal definitions varied according to gender and whether the systemic disease marker reflected an acute or chronic situation. Pocket depth was more strongly correlated with the acute marker fibrinogen while attachment and tooth loss tended to be more strongly correlated with the chronic markers, HbA1c, and c-IMT. These findings can be useful in designing future studies investigating the association between PD and systemic disease. [source] MULTIDISCIPLINARY PAIN ABSTRACTS: 18PAIN PRACTICE, Issue 1 2004Article first published online: 15 MAR 200 A complex relationship exists between back pain and the presence of spinal disease. Particularly in chronic situations, back pain and its behavioral and emotional consequences are as likely to reflect the influence of psychosocial factors as any underlying spinal pathology. Nevertheless, physical factors are clearly important and it is significant that whereas in normal discs only the outer third of the annulus fibrosis is innervated, a much more extensive innervation develops in the presence of degeneration. Inflammation, as evidenced by leukocyte infiltration and expression of inflammatory mediators, is associated with disc degeneration and serves to alter the neural responses resulting in local and referred pain. It is probable that similar inflammatory processes, as well as direct root compression, contribute to radicular symptoms following disc herniation. An appreciation of these mechanisms encourages the search for novel treatments and permits a more rational and effective use of existing strategies for relieving pain. [source] No War, No Peace: Northern Ireland after the AgreementPOLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY, Issue 1 2007Roger Mac Ginty In 1998 a historic agreement, commonly known as the Belfast or Good Friday Agreement, formed the basis of a negotiated settlement for the future of Northern Ireland. Since that time the level of violence in Northern Ireland has reduced but many problematic issues related to governance, sectarianism, and community relations remain on the political agenda and have destabilized the post-peace accord environment. Many of these issues can be viewed as either causes or consequences of the protracted conflict in Northern Ireland. This special issue examines some of these issues from a political psychology perspective. Economic, political, social, and psychological factors that have supported and hindered progress towards peace and stability are considered. While the paramilitary ceasefires have remained intact and certain aspects of life in Northern Ireland have been transformed, the road to peace has been hindered by both political and psychological intransigence. This paper offers an opportunity to reevaluate conceptualisations of conflict and its management in chronic situations, where divisions are deeply embedded within societal structures and relationships, and consider factors that may act as barriers to the development of a lasting peace. [source] | ||||||||||