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Chronic Periodontitis Subjects (chronic + periodontitis_subject)
Selected AbstractsGingival crevicular fluid levels of RANKL and OPG in periodontal diseases: implications of their relative ratioJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 5 2007Nagihan Bostanci Abstract Aim: Receptor activator of NF-,B ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) are a system of molecules that regulate bone resorption. This study aims to compare the levels of RANKL, OPG and their relative ratio in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of healthy and periodontal disease subjects. Material and Methods: GCF was obtained from healthy (n=21), gingivitis (n=22), chronic periodontitis (n=28), generalized aggressive periodontitis (n=25) and chronic periodontitis subjects under immunosuppressant therapy (n=11). RANKL and OPG concentrations in GCF were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results: RANKL levels were low in health and gingivitis groups, but increased in all three forms of periodontitis. OPG levels were higher in health than all three periodontitis, or gingivitis groups. There were no differences in RANKL and OPG levels between chronic and generalized aggressive periodontitis groups, whereas these were lower in the immunosuppressed chronic periodontitis group. The RANKL/OPG ratio was significantly elevated in all three periodontitis forms, compared with health or gingivitis, and positively correlated to probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level. Conclusion: GCF RANKL and OPG levels were oppositely regulated in periodontitis, but not gingivitis, resulting in an enhanced RANKL/OPG ratio. This ratio was similar in all three periodontitis groups and may therefore predict disease occurrence. [source] Subgingival microbiota of chronic periodontitis subjects from different geographic locationsJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 11 2004A. D. Haffajee Abstract Background: Most clinical studies assume that the subgingival microbiota is similar from one geographic location to another. The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the composition of the subgingival microbiota in chronic periodontitis subjects from four countries. Method: Subjects with chronic periodontitis (N, Sweden=101; USA=115; Brazil=58; Chile=26) were recruited. Subjects were measured at baseline for plaque, gingivitis, bleeding on probing (BOP), suppuration, pocket depth (PD) and attachment level (AL) at six sites per tooth. Subgingival plaque samples taken from the mesial aspect of each tooth at baseline were individually analyzed for their content of 40 bacterial species using checkerboard DNA,DNA hybridization (total samples=6036). % DNA probe counts comprised by each species was determined for each site and averaged across sites in each subject. Significance of differences in proportions of each species among countries was determined using ancova adjusting for age, mean pocket depth, gender and smoking status. p- Values were adjusted for multiple comparisons. Results: On average, all species were detected in samples from subjects in the four countries. Thirteen species differed significantly in adjusted mean proportions among countries even after adjusting for multiple comparisons. Porphyromonas gingivalis, one species that differed in proportions among countries, comprised adjusted means of 7.5, 11.9, 1.6 and 6.6% of the microbiota in subjects from Brazil, Chile, Sweden and USA (p<0.001), while mean proportions of Treponema denticola were 6.7, 4.2, 0.8 and 2.3, respectively (p<0.001). In contrast, a key periodontal pathogen, Tannerella forsythensis, exhibited mean proportions ranging from 6.2,8.5% and did not differ significantly among countries. Besides these species, prominent species in Brazil were Actinomyces naeslundii genospecies 1 and 2 (8.4%, 7.2%) and Prevotella intermedia (6.5%); in Chile, Prevotella melaninogenica (6.4%) and Neisseria mucosa (5.3%); in Sweden A. naeslundii genospecies 2 (8.4%), Capnocytophaga gingivalis (7.1%) and Peptostreptococcus micros (5.0%); in USA A. naeslundii genospecies 2 (7.5%), P. intermedia (6.8%) and C. gingivalis (6.1%). Conclusions: The microbial profiles of subgingival plaque samples from chronic periodontitis subjects in four countries showed surprisingly marked differences. These differences persisted after adjusting for age, mean pocket depth, gender and smoking status. [source] Relationship between periodontal pocket sulfide levels and subgingival speciesJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 11 2003G. Torresyap Abstract Background: Many species implicated in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease produce volatile sulfur compounds (VSC). This investigation examined the relationship between levels of sulfide and subgingival bacterial species in the same periodontal pockets. Material and Methods: Twenty chronic periodontitis subjects were measured clinically at six sites per tooth for plaque, gingivitis, bleeding on probing, suppuration, pocket depth and attachment level. Subgingival plaque samples, taken from the mesial aspect of each tooth, were individually analyzed for their content of 40 bacterial species using checkerboard DNA,DNA hybridization. Sulfide levels were measured at the same sites using a Diamond Probe/Perio 2000 system. Clinical and microbiological data were averaged for sulfide-positive and -negative sites separately in each subject and then averaged across subjects. Significance differences in clinical and microbial parameters between sulfide-positive and -negative sites were sought using the Wilcoxon signed ranks test. Results: Mean total DNA probe counts (×105, ±SEM) at sulfide-negative and -positive sites were 44.0±9.9 and 65.0±13.3, respectively (p<0.01). Seventeen species were found at significantly higher levels in sulfide-positive than -negative sites. These included abundant producers of VSC such as members of the genera Fusobacterium, Campylobacter, Prevotella, Treponema and Eubacterium, and Bacteriodes forsythus, Selenomonas noxia and Propionibacterium acnes. Prevotella intermedia, Bacteriodes forsythus, Prevotella nigrescens, Fusobacterium nucleatum ss vincentii and Treponema denticola exhibited the greatest difference in mean counts between sulfide-negative and -positive sites. Orange and red complex species were at higher counts at shallow (<4 mm) sulfide-positive than shallow sulfide-negative sites. Although not statistically significant, mean clinical parameters were somewhat higher at sulfide-positive than sulfide-negative sites. Conclusions: Intra-pocket sulfide levels reflect the levels of sulfide-producing species and may provide useful diagnostic information. Zusammenfassung Grundlagen: Viele Spezies, die mit der Pathogenese der Parodontalerkrankung verbunden sind produzieren flüchtige Schwefelkomponenten (VSC). Diese Studie untersuchte die Verbindung zwischen dem Sulfid-Niveau und subgingivalen Spezies in den gleichen parodontalen Taschen. Methode: 20 Patienten mit chronischer Parodontitis wurden an 6 Stellen pro Zahn klinisch befundet hinsichtlich Plaque, Gingivitis, BOP, Eiterentleerung, Taschentiefe und Attachmentniveau. Unter Verwendung der Schachbrett-DNA,DNA-Hybridisierung wurden subgingivale Plaqueproben von der mesialen Stelle eines jeden Zahns individuell hinsichtlich des Vorkommens von 40 bakteriellen Spezies untersucht. An der gleichen Stelle wurde mittels des Diamond Probe/Perio 2000 Systems das Niveau des Sulfids gemessen. Von den klinischen und mikrobiologischen Daten wurden bei jedem Patienten getrennt für Sulfid-positiv und Sulfid-negativ ein Durchschnitt gebildet und anschließend der Durchschnitt für alle Patienten berechnet. Nach signifikanten Unterschieden in den klinischen und mikrobiologischen Parametern zwischen Sulfid-positiven und Sulfid-negativen Stellen wurde unter Verwendung des Wilcoxon signed ranks Test gesucht. Ergebnisse: Die mittlere Bakterienanzahl mit Gesamt-DNA-Sonden (× 105, ±SEM) betrug an den Sulfid-negativen Stellen und Sulfid-positiven Stellen 44.0±9.9 bzw. 65.0±13.3 (p<0.01). Bei 17 Spezies wurde ein signifikant höheres Niveau in den Sulfid-positiven Stellen vorgefunden. Die umfasste Bakterien die reichlich VSC produzieren, wie Mitglieder der Genera Fusobacterium, Campylobacter, Prevotella, Treponema und Eubacterium und B. forsythus, S. noxia und P. acnes. P. intermedia, B. forsythus, P. nigrescens, F. nucleatum ssvincentii und T. denticola zeigten den größten Unterschied zwischen Sulfid-positiven und Sulfid-negativen Stellen in der durchschnittlichen Bakterienanzahl. Spezies des orangen und roten Komplexes lagen in höherer Anzahl in flachen (<4 mm) Sulfid-positiven, als in flachen Sulfid-negativen Taschen vor. Obwohl statistisch nicht signifikant, lagen die durchschnittlichen klinischen Parameter bei den Sulfid-positiven etwas höher als bei den Sulfid-negativen Taschen Schlussfolgerungen: Die innerhalb der Taschen gemessenen Sufiid-Niveaus spiegeln das Niveau der Sulfid-produzierenden Spezies wieder und könnten eine nützliche diagnostische Information liefern. Résumé Plusieurs espèces impliquées dans la pathogenèse de la maladie parodontale produisent des composés de sulfate volatiles (VSC). Cette étude examine la relation entre les niveaux de sulfate et les espèces bactériennes sous-gingivales dans les mêmes poches parodontales. Vingt sujets avec parodontite chronique ont subi un examen clinique au niveau de six sites par dent pour la plaque dentaire, la gingivite, la profondeur de poche au sondage (BOP), la suppuration, la profondeur de poche et le niveau d'attache. Des échantillons de plaque sous-gingivale prélevés en mésial de chaque dent ont été analysés individuellement pour leur contenu de 40 espèces bactériennes à l'aide de l'hybridisation ADN-ADN croisée. Les niveaux de sulfate ont été mesurés au niveau des mêmes sites par le système de sonde Diamond/Perio 2000. Les moyennes des données cliniques et microbiologiques ont étéétablies pour les sites sulfate positif et négatif chez chaque sujet et par sujet. Des différences significatives dans les paramètres cliniques et microbiologiques entre les sites sulfate positif et négatif ont été observées via le test de Wilcoxon. Les moyennes totales des comptes de la sonde ADN (x105,+/,ES) au niveau des sites sulfate négatif et positif étaient respectivement de 44,0 +/,9,9 et 65,0+/,13,3 (p<0,01). Dix sept espèces ont été trouvées à des niveaux hautement plus significatifs dans des sites sulfate positif que négatif. Ceux-ci comprennaient d'abondants producteurs de VSC tels que les Fusobacterium, Catnpylobacter, Prevotella, Treponema, Eubacterium, B. forsythus, S. noxia etP. acnes, P. intermedia, B. forsythus, P. nigrescens, F. nucleatum ss vincentii et T. denticola qui montraient la plus grande différence dans la moyenne des comptes entre les sites sulfate négatif et positif. Les espèces complexe orange et rouge étaient plus nombreuses dans les sites de faible profondeur (<4 mm) sulfate positif que dans les sites peu profonds sulfate négatif. Bien que statistiquement non significative la moyenne des paramètres cliniques a été quelque peu plus élevée au niveau des sites sulfate positif qu'au niveau des négatifs. Les niveaux de sulfate intrapoche reflètent les niveaux des espèces produisant du sulfate et pourraient apporter une information de diagnostic pratique. [source] Use of checkerboard DNA,DNA hybridization to study complex microbial ecosystemsMOLECULAR ORAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 6 2004S. S. Socransky It has been difficult to conduct large scale studies of microbiologically complex ecosystems using conventional microbiological techniques. Molecular identification techniques in new probe-target formats, such as checkerboard DNA,DNA hybridization, permit enumeration of large numbers of species in very large numbers of samples. Digoxigenin-labeled whole genomic probes to 40 common subgingival species were tested in a checkerboard hydridization format. Chemifluorescent signals resulting from the hybridization reactions were quantified using a Fluorimager and used to evaluate sensitivity and specificity of the probes. Sensitivity of the DNA probes was adjusted to detect 104 cells. In all, 93.5% of potential cross-reactions to 80 cultivable species exhibited signals <5% of that detected for the homologous probe signal. Competitive hybridization and probes prepared by subtraction hybridization and polymerase chain reaction were effective in minimizing cross-reactions for closely related taxa. To demonstrate utility, the technique was used to evaluate 8887 subgingival plaque samples from 79 periodontally healthy and 272 chronic periodontitis subjects and 8126 samples from 166 subjects taken prior to and after periodontal therapy. Significant differences were detected for many taxa for mean counts, proportion of total sample, and percentage of sites colonized between samples from periodontally healthy and periodontitis subjects. Further, significant reductions were observed post therapy for many subgingival species including periodontal pathogens. DNA probes used in the checkerboard DNA,DNA format provide a useful tool for the enumeration of bacterial species in microbiologically complex systems. [source] Distribution of Bacteroides forsythus genotypes in a Japanese periodontitis populationMOLECULAR ORAL MICROBIOLOGY, Issue 4 2003Y. Huang Bacteroides forsythus is an important pathogen in periodontal diseases and has been associated with advanced and refractory periodontitis. The difficulties associated with culturing this species have meant that the distribution and pathogenic mechanisms of B. forsythus remain unclear. In this study, the arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) method was used to investigate the genotype distribution of B. forsythus in a Japanese periodontitis population, as well as the relationship between AP-PCR genotypes and periodontal status. B. forsythus reference strain, ATCC 43037T and 137 clinical bacterial isolates from 64 subjects were separated into 11 distinct AP-PCR genotypes using a single randomly-sequenced primer, 5,-CCGGCGGCG-3, (A-05). The majority (80.9%) of B. forsythus strains examined belonged to AP-PCR genotypes I, II, III and IV (accounting for 39.7%, 20.6%, 10.3% and 10.3%, respectively). Types I and III primarily consisted of isolates from chronic periodontitis subjects (80.8% and 85.7%, respectively), while Types II and IV consisted mainly of isolates from aggressive periodontitis subjects (85.7% and 100%, respectively). Except for three subjects who harbored two different B. forsythus genotypes in the oral cavity, all subjects only infected with one genotype intraindividually. These results demonstrate that the AP-PCR method is useful for genotypic analysis of B. forsythus. This species showed a genetic diversity among the investigated population. A clonal nature of B. forsythus infection is suggested. Furthermore, different AP-PCR genotypes of B. forsythus appear to be associated with different types of periodontitis. [source] | ||||||||||