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Chronic Inflammatory Reaction (chronic + inflammatory_reaction)
Selected AbstractsSelected pathological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural changes associated with an infection by Diphyllobothrium dendriticum (Nitzsch, 1824) (Cestoda) plerocercoids in Coregonus lavaretus (L.) (Coregonidae)JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES, Issue 8 2007B S Dezfuli Abstract The pathological changes induced by an infection of Diphyllobothrium dendriticum (Nitzsch, 1824) plerocercoids in powan, Coregonus lavaretus (L.), from Loch Lomond, Scotland, were assessed using immunohistochemical and ultrastructural techniques. In a sample of 26 powan, the occurrence of encysted plerocercoids of D. dendriticum on the outer surface of the stomach was 38.5% (n = 10) with the number of cysts ranging from 4 to 15 and measuring 4.2 ± 1.0 mm × 3.4 ± 0.9 mm (mean ± SD). Histological examination of intestinal samples also revealed plerocercoids (2,21) encapsulated within a proliferation of mesenteric fibrous tissues of the gastric wall and, occasionally, by the gut lamina propria-submucosa and lamina muscularis. In section, cysts were tri-layered and were formed from a series of concentric whorls of fibroblast and collagen fibre-based connective elements. The extent of necrosis within each muscle layer and the serosa of the stomach differed, notably within the latter that was marked by a chronic inflammatory reaction and fibrosis. Within the cyst and around it, a large number of degranulating mast cell/eosinophilic granule cells were seen, in addition to melano-macrophage centres. Immunohistochemical staining of sections of infected stomach revealed a high density of elements, in close proximity to plerocercoids, staining positive for serotonin, bombesin, substance P and galanin. Uninfected material did not present the same levels of activity. Sections through both infected and uninfected tissue were also tested for elements containing vasoactive intestinal peptide, met-enkephalin, calcitonin gene-related peptide, neuropeptide Y and nitric oxide synthase, but these were absent. [source] Case of mucinous adenocarcinoma with porcelain gallbladderJOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY, Issue 8 2003YOUNG-EUN JOO Abstract Histologically, the majority of gallbladder cancers are adenocarcinomas. Among the adenocarcinomas, the mucinous adenocarcinoma is relatively uncommon. Porcelain gallbladder is a rare finding and the risk of gallbladder cancer is significantly increased in porcelain gallbladder. We describe a rare case of mucinous adenocarcinoma with porcelain gallbladder. A 46-year-old man was admitted to Chonnam National University Hospital with a 2-week history of right upper quadrant pain. Three and 2 years previously, he had two episodes of cholecystitis with gallstones. An abdominal computed tomography revealed a contracted gallbladder with circumferential mural calcification, and the possibility of gallbladder cancer and porcelain gallbladder were considered. At laparotomy, cholecystectomy, liver wedge resection, and radical lymph node dissection were performed. The resected gallbladder showed thickened wall, luminal narrowing and mucosal irregularity. A histological examination of the resected gallbladder showed a mucinous adenocarcinoma composed of poorly differentiated glandular cells with mucin lakes. Porcelain gallbladder may be an end result of a chronic inflammatory reaction, and this change is associated with the development of gallbladder cancer. [source] Peritoneal mesothelial cells and the extracellular matrixNEPHROLOGY, Issue 6 2001Susan Yung SUMMARY: Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is an important treatment for patients with end-stage renal failure. Long-term success is dependent on the functional and structural integrity of the peritoneal membrane. Conventional peritoneal dialysis fluids are non-physiological. They contain glucose at high concentrations to provide the osmotic drive for ultrafiltration, lactate to correct the metabolic acidosis of renal failure, and a low pH to prevent caramelization of glucose during heat sterilization. These components, in isolation or acting together, exert adverse influences on both the resident cellular and extracellular elements of the peritoneal membrane, as well as phagocytic cells which infiltrate the peritoneum during inflammation, culminating in detrimental structural and functional effects, compromising the viability of the peritoneum during dialysis. Peritoneal biopsy studies of patients on long-term CAPD have demonstrated an intercellular space between adjacent mesothelial cells which allows the penetration of peritoneal dialysis fluid into the underlying submesothelium. This, together with episodes of peritonitis, can initiate a chronic inflammatory reaction within the peritoneum characterized by increased synthesis of matrix proteins. Perturbation of the regulatory mechanisms which govern the balance of synthesis and degradation of extracellular matrix can lead to progressive fibrosis. Human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMC) have been shown to synthesize fibronectin, laminin, collagens, proteoglycans and hyaluronan in vitro, and thus play a role in the pathogenesis of peritoneal fibrosis. This review will give an overview of extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis by HPMC, how changes in the synthesis are affected by CAPD and postulate how these changes can compromise the dialytic properties of the peritoneum. [source] Mature teratoma of the uterine cervix with lymphoid hyperplasiaPATHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 5 2003Sung-chul Lim A rare case of an extragonadal teratoma, which occurred primarily in the uterus, is described. The tumor developed in the uterine cervix as a conventional cervical polyp, 3 months after an elective abortion in a 27-year-old woman. Microscopically, the solid 2.2 × 1.8 × 1.5 cm mass was a mature teratoma with exuberant lymphoid elements. It consisted of ectodermal, mesodermal and endodermal derivatives. The lymphoid elements may have been a lymphoid hyperplasia, a chronic inflammatory reaction or a component of the teratoma. However, as the lymphoid tissues had no spatial relation to the teratomatous components, the possibility of a teratomatous element was excluded. This could be regarded as a result of an immunological reaction to the tissues composing the tumor, rather than just a chronic inflammatory response because the lymphoid reaction was present in the tumor, the tumor,host interface and the perivascular areas. Because of the patient's history of an abortion and a lymphoid reaction, the possibility of fetal remnants implantation was raised, so DNA typing to compare the teratoma portion with a normal portion of the host was performed. We found the teratoma portions to be in accordance with that of the host, and hence ruled out fetal remnants implantation. This case showed that a mature teratoma of the uterine cervix may manifest as a feature of implanted fetal tissue. In addition, a real teratoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of uterine teratomatous lesion, even when detected in patients with a recent history of pregnancy and lymphoid hyperplasia. [source] HIF-1, protein expression is associated with the environmental inflammatory reaction in Barrett's metaplasiaDISEASES OF THE ESOPHAGUS, Issue 8 2009F. C. Ling SUMMARY The oxygen-regulated transcription factor subunit hypoxia inducible factor-1, (HIF-1,) is involved in angiogenesis, energy metabolism, cell survival, and inflammation. We examined the protein expression of HIF-1, within the progression of Barrett's sequence as well as the type and degree of the environmental inflammatory reaction. Squamous epithelium (SE), metaplastic, low- and high-grade dysplastic lesions, and tumor tissue of 57 resection specimens from patients with Barrett's adenocarcinoma were immunohistochemically analyzed. Active and chronic inflammatory reactions were classified according to the Updated Sydney System. HIF-1, protein expression increased significantly from SE to Barrett's metaplasia (BM) (P < 0.0001). From metaplasia through low- and high-grade dysplasia to cancer, no further increase could be detected. Active and chronic inflammation were also significantly different between SE and BM (P < 0.0001) but not during further progression in the sequence. HIF-1, protein expression did not correlate with histopathologic parameters or survival. HIF-1, protein expression pattern resembles the active and chronic environmental inflammatory reaction. All were significantly increased in metaplasia compared to SE without further change in tumor development. HIF-1, protein expression appears to be associated with inflammatory processes in the development of BM. [source] Follicular dendritic cells confirm lymphoid organization in the minor salivary glands of primary Sjögren's syndromeJOURNAL OF ORAL PATHOLOGY & MEDICINE, Issue 9 2008Malin V. Jonsson Background:, Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune chronic inflammatory disorder affecting the salivary and lacrimal glands. The aim of this study was to explore immunophenotypic features of chronic inflammatory reactions in the minor salivary glands in patients with primary SS (pSS). Methods:, Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded labial minor salivary gland tissue sections from randomly selected patients with pSS (n = 60) were investigated for the expression of CD21, CD23, CD35 and IgD by immunohistochemistry. Results:, Based on the distribution and staining pattern of CD21, CD23, CD35 and IgD in lymphoid aggregates, several stages of chronic inflammatory reactions were observed. In 12/60 (20%) patients, lymphoid infiltrates with germinal centre (GC)-like features such as extensive networks of CD21-, CD23- and CD35-positive cells were observed in the minor salivary gland tissue. Smaller networks and,/or focal infiltrates with scattered CD21+, CD23+ and CD35+ cells were observed in the remaining 48/60 (80,%) cases. When dividing patients according to the presence (GC+) or the absence (GC,) of GC in the minor salivary glands, the mean focus score was significantly higher in the GC+ patients (P < 0.05). Double staining of the minor salivary glands revealed focal infiltrates with follicular dentritic cell networks and B cells resembling normal GCs in tonsillar tissue. Conclusion:, A particular cellular profile was demonstrated in a sub-group of patients with pSS and could be linked to serological aberrations. These findings warrant further prospective studies. [source] Urethral in situ biocompatibility of new drug-eluting biodegradable stents: an experimental study in the rabbitBJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 8 2009Andres Kotsar OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of drug-eluting properties on the degradation process and the biocompatibility of biodegradable drug-eluting urethral stents. MATERIALS AND METHODS Braided biodegradable 80 L/20D-PLGA (copolymer of polylactide and polyglycolide) stents with drug-eluting properties were used as the test material. The drugs analysed were indomethacin, dexamethasone and ciprofloxacine. 80 L/20D-PLGA stents without a drug coating served as controls. In all, 16 male rabbits were used and divided into four groups. The stents were inserted under general anaesthesia into the posterior urethra. After 1 month, the rabbits were killed and the urethra removed for histological and optic microscopy analyses. RESULTS Control stents and the dexamethasone-eluting stents degraded totally during the follow-up period. Conversely, in both indomethacin- and ciprofloxacine-eluting stent groups, the degradation process was significantly delayed and they induced an increase in epithelial hyperplasia. Histological analysis showed that all the stents induced eosinophilia, but there were no significant differences in the intensity of acute or chronic inflammatory reactions and fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS A drug-eluting capacity can be added to biodegradable stents. The addition of a drug influences the biodegradation time of PLGA urethral stents. Further studies are needed, to find the proper concentrations and releasing profiles of the drugs to achieve the desired bioactivity and biocompatibility properties. [source] | ||||||||||