Chronic Haemodialysis (chronic + haemodialysis)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Medical Sciences100%

Terms modified by Chronic Haemodialysis

  • chronic haemodialysis patient
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    Selected Abstracts

    PHARMACOKINETICS OF FRAGMIN, CLEXANE AND ORGARAN IN STABLE CHRONIC HAEMODIALYSIS (HD) PATIENTS

    NEPHROLOGY, Issue 1 2002
    Kevan R Polkinghorne
    [source]

    Anticardiolipin antibody and Taiwanese chronic haemodialysis patients with recurrent vascular access thrombosis

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE, Issue 7 2005
    F-R Chuang
    Summary Vascular access failure is a major cause of morbidity in chronic haemodialysis (HD) patients. However, some factors (such as homocysteine levels) are known regarding the risk factors predisposing certain HD patients to vascular access thrombosis (VAT). Immunoglobulin-G anticardiolipin antibody (IgG-ACA) is strongly associated with venous and arterial thrombosis in patients with normal renal function. Previous investigations have reported the characteristics of patients with raised IgG-ACA titre and recurrent VAT of HD in Western countries, but few equivalent studies exist for Taiwan. This retrospective study attempts to determine whether raised IgG-ACA titres are associated with an increased risk of recurrent VAT in chronic HD patients. This study enrolled 483 patients undergoing HD. IgG-ACA titre and hepatitis B&C marker were measured for all patients. A history of recurrent (VAT more than one) and/or VAT was elicited by using information from the patient questionnaires and was verified by means of careful inpatient and outpatient chart review. Raised IgG-ACA titres were present in 21.7% (105/483) of patients. In both groups (raised IgG-ACA and normal IgG-ACA), the type of shunt differed significantly (p = 0.029). In predicting for more or one episodes of VAT by using multiple logistic regression with all significant factors, synthetic graft was also a significant factor (p < 0.0001). The 105 raised IgG-ACA titres and 378 normal IgG-ACA titres were associated between chronic HD patients and recurrent VAT (p = 0.034). In predicting for more or one episode of VAT by using multiple logistic regression with all significant factors, raised IgG-ACA titre was a non-significant factor (p = 0.336). The presence of hepatitis C had a higher percentage in group with raised IgG-ACA titres of HD patients (p = 0.042). In predicting for more or one episode of VAT by using multiple logistic regression with all significant factors, the presence of hepatitis C was also a significant factor (p = 0.022). In conclusion, the prevalence of raised IgG-ACA titres was 21.7% among HD patients. There was a weak association between raised IgG-ACA titre and recurrent VAT and this finding may be the consequence of pathogenetic role of raised IgG-ACA titres in the development of VAT status for chronic HD patients. The presence of hepatitis C was a cofactor. [source]

    Activity of the Chinese prescription Hachimi-jio-gan against renal damage in the Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rat: a model of human type 2 diabetes mellitus

    JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY: AN INTERNATI ONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE, Issue 4 2006
    Noriko Yamabe
    Currently, in Japan, approximately 95% of patients with diabetes mellitus have non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), and diabetic nephropathy is a major cause of patients requiring chronic haemodialysis. A previous study showed that Hachimi-jio-gan has a protective effect in rats subjected to subtotal nephrectomy plus streptozotocin injection, a model of insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetic nephropathy. In this study, we used the Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rat, a model of human NIDDM, to investigate whether long-term administration of Hachimi-jio-gan affects glycaemic control and renal function in NIDDM. Male OLETF rats, aged 22 weeks, were divided into 4 groups of 10 and given Hachimi-jio-gan (50, 100 or 200 mg kg,1 daily) orally or no treatment for 32 weeks. Male Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats (n = 6) were used as non-diabetic normal controls. Hachimi-jio-gan reduced hyperglycaemia dose-dependently from 16 weeks of the administration period. Urinary protein excretion decreased significantly from an early stage, and creatinine clearance levels improved at 32 weeks. In addition, the levels of serum glycosylated protein and renal advanced glycation end-products were effectively reduced. Hachimi-jio-gan also significantly reduced the levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in renal mitochondria, although it showed only a tendency to reduce these in serum. Furthermore, long-term administration of Hachimi-jio-gan reduced renal cortical expression of proteins, such as transforming growth factor-,1 (TGF-,1), fibronectin, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. The 100- and 200-mg kg,1 daily doses of Hachimi-jio-gan significantly reduced TGF-,1 and fibronectin protein expression to levels below those of LETO rats. These data suggest that Hachimi-jio-gan may have a beneficial effect on the progression of diabetic nephropathy in OLETF rats by attenuating glucose toxicity and renal damage. [source]

    Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels in chronic haemodialysis patients

    NEPHROLOGY, Issue 1 2010
    DAVIDE BOLIGNANO
    ABSTRACT: Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), a small 25 kDa protein strongly induced in injured renal tubular cells, represents an interesting emerging biomarker in the field of clinical nephrology. The aim of the present pilot study was to analyze circulating NGAL levels in a small cohort of 30 patients on chronic haemodialysis (HD), in order to assess any relationships with different laboratory and clinical parameters. Pre- and post-HD levels were higher in patients than in healthy subjects (485.2 ± 49.7 vs 51.2 ± 4.6 ng/mL; P < 0.001; and 167.4 ± 48.0 vs 51.2 ± 4.6 ng/mL; P = 0.01). Furthermore, a single HD session decreased NGAL levels by approximately fourfold (485.2 ± 49.7 vs 167.4 ± 48.0 ng/mL; p:0.01), with a reduction ratio of 73 ± 14%. At baseline, direct and independent correlations were found between NGAL and, respectively, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (, = 0.34; P = 0.03) and spKt/V (, = 0.35; P = 0.02). The findings showed that HD patients have chronically increased levels of circulating NGAL. However, with a single HD session, a marked reduction was achieved in circulating NGAL values, probably as a result of an important dialytic removal, similar to that observed for other cytokines. Finally, the direct independent correlation found between NGAL and spKt/V raises the question of whether, in the future, NGAL may also become a useful tool in predicting the adequacy of dialysis and in guiding the management of dialysis prescriptions. [source]

    Hepatitis B vaccination in haemodialysis patients: A randomized clinical trial

    NEPHROLOGY, Issue 3 2009
    MARILENE BOCK
    SUMMARY Aim: A short vaccination protocol against hepatitis B was compared to the standard approach in patients under haemodialysis who were primarily non-responsive to the vaccine. Methods: This randomized, controlled open trial included 51 chronic haemodialysis subjects previously vaccinated against hepatitis B and with anti-HBs levels of less than 10 IU/mol/L. Twenty-six patients received 20 µg i.m. once a week for 8 weeks (short protocol) and 25 subjects three doses of 40 µg i.m. at months 0, 1 and 6 (standard protocol). Clinical and laboratory data were compared between responders and non-responders. A logistic regression model included selected parameters to assess risk factors for non-seroconversion. Results: Seroconversion rates to vaccine at 2 months were 80% and 78% in the short and standard protocol groups, respectively (P = 0.99). Median of anti-HBs levels were similar up to 6 months of follow up, but patients in the standard protocol showed a trend to higher anti-HBs in month 3 and a more steady decline in antibody titres. Non-responders were older, had longer duration of dialysis and a higher prevalence of a prior renal transplant and hepatitis C. In multivariate analysis, only advanced age and hepatitis C remained independently associated with non-responsiveness to vaccination. Conclusion: In haemodialysis patients, a short vaccination protocol against hepatitis B did not provide any benefit compared to the standard approach with respect to peak anti-HBs titres or a higher rate of seroprotection at the end of follow up. Other strategies to increase seroconversion rates should be explored, especially in the elderly and in patients with hepatitis C. [source]

    Serum levels of adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (AFABP) are increased in chronic haemodialysis (CD)

    CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY, Issue 6 2008
    Grit Sommer
    Summary Objective Adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (AFABP) was recently introduced as an adipocyte-expressed factor, serum levels of which independently correlate with the development of the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease in humans. In the current study, we investigated renal elimination of this protein by comparing circulating AFABP levels in patients on chronic haemodialysis (CD) with controls. We hypothesized that if renal filtration is a significant route of elimination of AFABP, it would accumulate in CD patients. Patients and measurements AFABP was determined by ELISA in control (n = 60) and CD (n = 60) patients and correlated to clinical and biochemical measures of renal function, glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as inflammation, in both groups. Results Median serum AFABP levels were more than 10-fold higher in CD patients (510·9 ± 294·7 µg/l) as compared to controls (44·3 ± 35·2 µg/l). Furthermore, CD independently predicted AFABP concentrations in multiple regression analysis. In addition, body mass index and free fatty acids were independently associated with circulating AFABP. Conclusions Renal filtration appears as an important route of elimination of AFABP. Future studies should elucidate whether this adipocyte-expressed factor contributes to the increased risk of cardiovascular disease found in end-stage renal disease. [source]