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Chronic Bronchitis (chronic + bronchitis)

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Selected Abstracts

Is Headache Related to Asthma, Hay Fever, and Chronic Bronchitis?

HEADACHE, Issue 2 2007
The Head-HUNT Study
Objectives.,To examine the relationship between migraine and nonmigrainous headache and asthma, hay fever, and chronic bronchitis in a large cross-sectional population-based study. Background.,Associations between prevalence of migraine and asthma or allergy have been demonstrated in clinic-based and epidemiologic studies whereas studies on chronic bronchitis are scarce. Methods.,A total of 51,383 subjects completed a headache questionnaire and constituted the "Head-HUNT" Study. Of these 50,401 (98.1%) answered the questions about asthma and chronic bronchitis, and 47,029 (91.5%) answered the question about hay fever. Associations were assessed in multivariate analyses, estimating prevalence odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results.,Both migraine and nonmigrainous headache were approximately 1.5 times more likely among those with current asthma, asthma related symptoms, hay fever, and chronic bronchitis than those without. The association increased with increasing headache frequency. Conclusions.,This large questionnaire-based study confirms that migraine and other headaches are associated with respiratory and allergic disorders. The magnitude of the association between headache and asthma, hay fever, and chronic bronchitis tended to be in the same order. Headache frequency seems to have a greater impact on the association with respiratory or allergic conditions than headache diagnoses. Whether it is a causal relationship is uncertain, but the results underline the importance of considering comorbid disorders among patients with frequent headache. [source]

Cause of Death in Older Patients with Anatomo-Pathological Evidence of Chronic Bronchitis or Emphysema: A Case-Control Study Based on Autopsy Findings

JOURNAL OF AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY, Issue 5 2001
Jean Paul Janssens MD
OBJECTIVES: To determine the most frequent causes of death of hospitalized older patients based on anatomo-pathological evidence and to compare the relative frequency of fatal events between patients with and without evidence of either chronic bronchitis (CB) or emphysema (E). DESIGN: Retrospective, case-control study based on a computerized database including anatomo-pathological data of patients deceased and autopsied over a 25-year period. SETTING: Two geriatric hospitals in Geneva. PARTICIPANTS: Not applicable. MEASUREMENTS: Autopsy records for cause(s) of death in patients with CB or E. RESULTS: 3,685 patients deceased in our institution (1,540 men; 2,145 women) were autopsied between 1972 and 1996; mean age at death was 81.5 ± 8.0 years. Anatomo-pathological evidence of CB or E was found in 983 patients (26.6% of total); 262 (7.2%) had predominantly CB, and 456 (12.3%) predominantly E. Pneumonia was the most frequent cause of death in all patients (21.8%). Myocardial infarction (MI) (17.6% vs 14%), and respiratory failure (5.1% vs 1.5%) occurred more frequently in subjects with CB and/or E than in controls. Fatal pulmonary embolism (PE) was more frequent in patients with E (18.4%) than in patients with CB (10.7%; odds ratio (OR) = 1.89, P = .008), or in controls (12.7%; OR = 1.56, P = .0008). CONCLUSION: Anatomo-pathological evidence of CB or E is highly prevalent in older patients, suggesting that CB and E are clinically underdiagnosed in this age group. Fatal MI occurred significantly more frequently in older patients with E or CB than in controls. Furthermore, patients with E were at significantly higher risk of fatal PE than patients with CB or controls. [source]

Non-malignant asbestos-related diseases in Brazilian asbestos-cement workers

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE, Issue 3 2001
E. Algranti MD
Abstract Background Production of asbestos-cement products in Brazil started in the 1940s, peaked in the 60,70s and is still an active industry. This study was designed to assess the non-malignant effects of asbestos exposure in the asbestos-cement industry in Brazil. Methods A group of 828 former asbestos-cement workers enrolled in a cross-sectional and cohort study of respiratory morbidity, submitted to a detailed occupational history, respiratory symptoms questionnaire, spirometry, PA chest x-ray, and high resolution computed chest tomography (HRCT). Asbestos exposure was assessed by years of exposure, cumulative exposure (a semi-quantitative method), and latency time from first exposure. Asbestosis and pleural thickening were assessed according to HRCT criteria. Results Asbestosis was present in 74 (8.9%) and pleural thickening in 246 (29.7%). Using the HRCT as the "best available evidence", it was shown that were more false negatives than false positives in the x-ray readings for parenchymal (21.6% false negatives, 4.2% false positives) and pleural (26.0% false negatives, 14.4% false positives) diseases due to asbestos. Latency time from first exposure was the best predictor for both asbestosis and pleural thickening. Subjects in the higher exposure groups presented lower levels of lung function. Obstructive defects were significantly related to smoking, shortness of breath, body mass index, and age, whereas restrictive defects were related to asbestosis, shortness of breath, and latency time. Chronic bronchitis increased with latency time in the three smoking groups and was significantly related to pleural thickening (OR 1.56 (1.00,2.42)). Shortness of breath was significantly associated with body mass index and pleural thickening (OR 1.30 (1.24,2.09)). Conclusions Pleural thickening and asbestosis showed a significant association with latency time and exposure. FVC and FEV1 decreased across increasing profusion with an added effect of pleural thickening. There was a significant and independent effect of exposure on lower levels of FVC and FEV1. Obstructive defects were mainly related to smoking and restriction to asbestosis. Dust exposure and smoking were synergistic in increasing chronic bronchitis and shortness of breath report. Shortness of breath report was also related to pleural thickening and higher body mass index. Am. J. Ind. Med. 40:240,254, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source]

Prevalence of chronic bronchitis and chronic respiratory symptoms in adults over the age of 35 years in Isfahan, Iran in 1998

RESPIROLOGY, Issue 3 2001
Mohammad Golshan
Objective: Chronic obstructive airways disease (COPD) in older patients is reported to be not only common, but also frequently overlooked and untreated by general practitioners. Chronic bronchitis is one of the major components of COPD and can be readily screened. This study investigates the prevalence of chronic bronchitis and related symptoms in Iran with special reference to COPD. Methodology: A random sample of 4636 participants aged 35 years and over, attended a research clinic for interview and physical examinations. Those reporting classic symptoms of chronic bronchitis were referred to a pulmonary clinic for pulmonary function testing. Results: Two hundred and sixteen patients (4.65%) had chronic bronchitis. Among these, 78 (36.1%) had obstructive airways disease. Decreased forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity to levels of less than 70% were recorded in 45 patients (42.9% of the tested population). Less than 25% of the patients had a previous diagnosis of chronic bronchitis and/or airways disease. Conclusion: Obstructive airway diseases are under-diagnosed in developing countries. Physicians practising in such areas of the world should be aware, and try to detect the subclinical illnesses, especially in urban areas. [source]

Distal esophagitis in patients with mustard-gas induced chronic cough

DISEASES OF THE ESOPHAGUS, Issue 4 2006
M. Ghanei
SUMMARY., Although confounded by some factors such as medications or surgical complications, the relationship between esophageal pathology and pulmonary disorders has been the subject of many studies. The present study sought to investigate the said relationship in patients inflicted by respiratory disorders induced by mustard gas (MG). A case group of patients complaining of respiratory complications and chronic coughs following MG exposure, and a control group of patients with chronic coughs but without a history of MG exposure were studied. All the case and control subjects had symptoms of gastro-esophageal reflux disease. Chest high resolution tomography (HRCT) was performed to evaluate the existence of pulmonary disorders. Endoscopy and histological studies were carried out to determine the severity of esophagitis in both groups presenting with gastroesophageal reflux. Ninety male patients, who had met our criteria, along with 40 male control cases underwent the diagnostic procedures. The frequency of endoscopic esophagitis findings in the chemically exposed group was significantly higher than that in the control group (70.0%vs. 42.5%). A pathological evaluation revealed that the frequency of esophagitis in the cases was more than that in the controls (32.3%vs. 14.2%). Chest HRCT evaluation demonstrated that half the case group had more than 25% air trapping in expiratory films, mostly compatible with bronchiolitis obliterans (BO). In addition, they were suffering from asthma, chronic bronchitis and bronchiectasis. Bronchiolitis obliterans, along with other lung disorders, can be considered as contributors in the pathogenesis of esophagitis in MG exposed patients. [source]

Is Headache Related to Asthma, Hay Fever, and Chronic Bronchitis?

Cause of Death in Older Patients with Anatomo-Pathological Evidence of Chronic Bronchitis or Emphysema: A Case-Control Study Based on Autopsy Findings

Ethanol Treatment Reduces Bovine Bronchial Epithelial Cell Migration

ALCOHOLISM, Issue 4 2005
John R. Spurzem
Background: Chronic ethanol abuse is associated with significant lung disease. Excessive alcohol intake increases risk for a variety of respiratory tract diseases, including pneumonia and bronchitis. Damage to airway epithelium is critical to the pathogenesis of airway disorders such as chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The ability of the airway epithelium to repair itself is an important step in the resolution of airway inflammation and disease. Ethanol exposure is known to modulate signaling systems in bronchial epithelial cells. We hypothesize that chronic ethanol exposure down-regulates the adenosine 3,:5,-cyclic monophosphate signaling cascade in airway epithelial cells, resulting in decreased epithelial cell migration and repair. Methods: We evaluated the effect of ethanol on primary cultures of bovine bronchial epithelial cells in in vitro models of cell migration, wound repair, cell attachment, and cell spreading. Results: Ethanol causes a concentration-dependent effect on closure of mechanical wounds in cell monolayers. Pretreatment of cells with 100 mm ethanol for 24 hr further slows wound closure. Ethanol pretreatment also reduced the protein kinase A response to wounding and made the cells unresponsive to stimuli of protein kinase A that accelerate wound closure. The effects of ethanol on cell migration in wound closure were confirmed in another assay of migration, the Boyden chamber cell migration assay. Prolonged treatment with ethanol also reduced other cell functions, such as spreading and attachment, which are necessary for epithelial repair. Conclusions: Ethanol modulates signaling systems that are relevant to airway injury and repair, suggesting that chronic, heavy ethanol ingestion has a detrimental impact on airway repair. Impaired response to inflammation and injury may contribute to chronic airway disease. [source]

Dietary patterns and adult asthma: population-based case,control study

ALLERGY, Issue 5 2010
I. Bakolis
To cite this article: Bakolis I, Hooper R, Thompson RL, Shaheen SO. Dietary patterns and adult asthma: population-based case,control study. Allergy 2010; 65: 606,615. Abstract Background:, Epidemiological studies of diet and asthma have focused on relations with intakes of individual nutrients and foods and evidence has been conflicting. Few studies have examined associations with dietary patterns. Methods:, We carried out a population-based case,control study of asthma in adults aged between 16 and 50 in South London, UK. Information about usual diet was obtained by food frequency questionnaire and we used principal components analysis to define five dietary patterns in controls. We used logistic and linear regression, controlling for confounders, to relate these patterns to asthma, asthma severity, rhinitis and chronic bronchitis in 599 cases and 854 controls. Results:, Overall, there was weak evidence that a ,vegetarian' dietary pattern was positively associated with asthma [adjusted odds ratio comparing top vs bottom quintile of pattern score 1.43 (95% CI: 0.93,2.20), P trend 0.075], and a ,traditional' pattern (meat and vegetables) was negatively associated [OR 0.68 (0.45,1.03), P trend 0.071]. These associations were stronger amongst nonsupplement users (P trend 0.030 and 0.001, respectively), and the association with the ,vegetarian' pattern was stronger amongst whites (P trend 0.008). No associations were observed with asthma severity. A ,prudent' dietary pattern (wholemeal bread, fish and vegetables) was positively associated with chronic bronchitis [OR 2.61 (1.13,6.05), P trend 0.025], especially amongst nonsupplement users (P trend 0.002). Conclusions:, Overall there were no clear relations between dietary patterns and adult asthma; associations in nonsupplement users and whites require confirmation. The finding for chronic bronchitis was unexpected and also requires replication. [source]

Under-report and underdiagnosis of chronic respiratory diseases in an African country

ALLERGY, Issue 7 2009
P. Martins
Background:, Chronic respiratory diseases (CRD) are greatly underestimated. The aim of this study was to assess the burden associated with reported CRD and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, as defined on the basis of various standardized criteria, by estimating their point prevalence in a sample of individuals attending the Primary Health Care (PHC) level and Emergency Room (ER) Departments in Cape Verde (CV) archipelago. The second aim of the study was to identify factors related to airways obstruction and reported CRD in this population. Methods:, A cross-sectional study was carried out in CV during 2 weeks. Outpatients aged more than 20 years seeking care at PHC level and ER answered a standardized questionnaire and were subjected to spirometry, independently of their complaint. Two criteria for airways obstruction were taken into account: forced expiratory volume (FEV1) <80% of the predicted value and FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio <0.70. Results:, A total of 274 individuals with a satisfactory spirometry were included. 22% of the individuals had a FEV1 < 80%. Individuals older than 46 years had a higher risk of having airways obstruction. Asthma diagnosis (11%) had a clear association with airways obstruction. Smoking was a risk factor for a lower FEV1. Working in a dust place and cooking using an open fire were both related to chronic bronchitis and asthma diagnosis. Conclusion:, Under-report and underdiagnosis of chronic respiratory conditions seem to be a reality in CV just as in other parts of the world. To improve diagnosis, our results reinforce the need of performing a spirometry. [source]

Population antibiotic susceptibility for Streptococcus pneumoniae and treatment outcomes in common respiratory tract infections,

PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY, Issue 1 2006
Jon P. Furuno PhD
Abstract Purpose Antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae potentially threatens the successful treatment of common respiratory tract infections (RTIs); however, the relationship between antibiotic resistance and treatment outcomes remains unclear. We aimed to test the hypothesis that higher in vitro penicillin and erythromycin nonsusceptibility levels among clinical isolates of S. pneumoniae are associated with higher risk of treatment failure in suppurative acute otitis media (AOM), acute sinusitis, and acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (AECB). Methods We conducted a population-level analysis using treatment outcomes data from a national, managed-care claims database, and antibiotic susceptibility data from a national repository of antimicrobial susceptibility results between 1997 and 2000. Treatment outcomes in patients with suppurative AOM, acute sinusitis, or AECB receiving selected macrolides or beta-lactams were assessed. Associations between RTI-specific treatment outcomes and antibiotic nonsusceptibility were determined using Spearman correlation coefficients with condition-specific paired outcome and susceptibility data for each region and each year. Results There were 649,552 available RTI outcomes and 7252 susceptibility tests performed on S. pneumoniae isolates. There were no statistically significant trends across time for resolution proportions following treatment by either beta-lactams or macrolides among any of the RTIs. Correlation analyses found no statistically significant association between S. pneumoniae susceptibility and RTI treatment outcomes apart from a significant positive association between of erythromycin nonsusceptibility in ear isolates and macrolide treatment resolution for suppurative AOM. Conclusion On the population level, in vitroS. pneumoniae nonsusceptibility to macrolide or beta-lactam antibiotics was not associated with treatment failure in conditions of probable S. pneumoniae etiology. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Non-malignant asbestos-related diseases in Brazilian asbestos-cement workers

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the absence of chronic bronchitis in China

RESPIROLOGY, Issue 7 2010
Ming LU
ABSTRACT Background and objective: COPD has a variable natural history and not all individuals follow the same course. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of COPD in the absence of chronic bronchitis (CB) based on a population survey in China, and to identify the determinants of CB in patients with COPD. Methods: A multi-stage cluster sampling strategy was used to survey a population from seven different provinces/cities of China. All residents over 40 years of age were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire and spirometry was measured. A post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC < 70% was defined as the diagnostic criterion for COPD. All COPD patients who were screened were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of CB. Results: Of the population of 20 245 that was surveyed, 70% of the 1668 patients who were diagnosed with COPD reported no history of CB. The ages, BMI and comorbidities of COPD patients with or without CB were similar. Male gender, residence in a rural area, having a lower level of education, exposure to tobacco smoke or biomass fuels, poor ventilation in the kitchen and a family history of respiratory disease were all associated with a higher risk of COPD with CB. Patients without CB had less difficulty in walking and higher FEV1/FVC values than patients with CB, but were more likely to be underdiagnosed. The strongest predictors of CB were male gender, current smoking and severity of dyspnoea. Conclusions: This survey confirmed that there is a high prevalence of COPD in the absence of CB in China. It appears that CB is not essential to the diagnosis of COPD. [source]

Prevalence of chronic bronchitis and chronic respiratory symptoms in adults over the age of 35 years in Isfahan, Iran in 1998

Heat shock proteins' mRNA expression in asthma

RESPIROLOGY, Issue 3 2000
Wancheng Tong
Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression levels of heat shock proteins (HSP) mRNA in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with asthma and chronic bronchitis to elucidate the role of HSP in the pathogenesis of asthma and chronic bronchitis. Method: Using reverse transcription,DNA polymerase chain reaction, the expression levels of HSP70, HSP90, and HSP90, genes in PBMC in normal state and after heat shock were investigated. Results: No HSP70 gene but HSP90, and HSP90, expressions were found in non-heat-shocked PBMC of normal controls; HSP90, and HSP90, genes may be expressed in PBMC of all patients, independently of acute episodes. Expression of HSP70 was found in PBMC of asthmatic patients in acute episodes and three symptom-free patients with Aas 3, step 2. Among patients with chronic bronchitis, no HSP70 gene expression was found in PBMC of patients in convalescent period but in PBMC of patients in acute episode. HSP90, and HSP90, genes were expressed in PBMC of both patient groups. After heat shock, expressions of the three genes increased significantly in PBMC of both normal controls and patients. Conclusion: Expression of HSP70 gene in PBMC of asthmatic and chronic bronchitis patients was different, indicating that HSP, especially HSP70, might be involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. [source]

Serum immunoglobulin E levels predict human airway reactivity in vitro

CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY, Issue 2 2000
Schmidt
Background Airway hyperresponsiveness to non-specific stimuli is one characteristic feature of airway diseases such as bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis. Until now, studies aiming to demonstrate a relationship between in vivo conditions associated with airway hyperreactivity and in vitro airway responsiveness have been inconclusive. Objective Since serum immunoglobulin (Ig) E is believed to be one determinant of airway reactivity in vivo, we studied whether in vitro airway reactivity in lung resection material from patients with elevated levels of serum IgE was increased as compared with patients with undetectable IgE. By this approach, we aimed to elucidate the role of circulating IgE for bronchial smooth muscle reactivity in vitro. Methods Bronchial rings from nine patients with total serum IgE levels above 200 U/mL and 10 patients with total serum IgE levels below 10 U/mL were passively sensitized, i.e. incubated overnight with buffer or sensitizing serum containing high levels of total IgE (> 250 U/mL). Afterwards, contractile responses to histamine were assessed in the organ bath. Results Histamine responsiveness was significantly increased in airways obtained from patients with IgE levels above 200 U/mL as compared with airways from patients with IgE levels below 10 U/mL (P < 0.05). Passive sensitization of bronchi from patients with low IgE significantly increased histamine responsiveness, as compared with non-sensitized controls from the same patients (P < 0.05). In contrast, passive sensitization of airways from patients with elevated IgE did not further increase responsiveness. There was no difference in histamine reactivity between non-passively sensitized and passively sensitized tissue preparations from patients with IgE above 200 U/mL and passively sensitized tissues from patients with IgE below 10 U/mL. Conclusion Our findings reveal that elevated levels of serum IgE predict airway hyperresponsiveness to histamine in vitro. At the same time, they indicate that the in vitro model of passive sensitization, in addition to its ability to induce allergen responses, also mimics conditions of non-specific airway hyperreactivity, which are relevant under in vivo conditions. [source]