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Chlorhexidine Gel (chlorhexidine + gel)
Selected AbstractsInfluence of dentin on pH of 2% chlorhexidine gel and calcium hydroxide alone or in combinationDENTAL TRAUMATOLOGY, Issue 3 2010Laila Gonzales Freire Most of the times, these objectives are not achieved solely by chemomechanical preparation, and intracanal dressing may be necessary. In these cases, calcium hydroxide is used as a root canal dressing due to its well-known and recognized antimicrobial activity. Chlorhexidine has a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity and its association with calcium hydroxide has been recommended in an attempt to amplify antimicrobial effects of calcium hydroxide. It is also known that dentin exerts a buffering effect under wide pH variations, and may be responsible for decreasing the antimicrobial activity of drugs inside the root canal. The objectives of this study were to assess the pH of 2% chlorhexidine gel and calcium hydroxide alone or in combination, as well as the influence of dentin on the pH of these compounds. Dentin powder was obtained from bovine teeth and added as 1.8% to the volume of the medications. All substances were individually stored in plastic flasks, in triplicate. A pH meter was used at five different moments to assess pH in viscous medium: immediately after preparation and after 24 h, and 7, 14, and 21 days. Results were analyzed by paired Student's t -test. Statistically significant differences were observed in the 2% chlorhexidine gel group alone or associated with calcium hydroxide and added of dentin powder (P < 0.05). Mean pH values indicated the influence of dentin powder because of a significant increase in pH. Calcium hydroxide with propylene glycol as the vehicle always showed high pH, demonstrating that this compound was not affected by the presence of dentin. [source] Recovery of Enterococcus faecalis after single- or multiple-visit root canal treatments carried out in infected teeth ex vivoINTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 10 2005N. Vivacqua-Gomes Abstract Aim, To assess the presence of Enterococcus faecalis after root canal treatment in single or multiple visits in an ex vivo model. Methodology, Forty-five premolar teeth were infected ex vivo with E. faecalis for 60 days. The canals were then prepared using a crowndown technique with System GT and Gates,Glidden burs and irrigated with 2% chlorhexidine gel. The specimens were divided into five groups (G1, G2, G3, G4 and G5) according to the time elapsed between chemical,mechanical preparation and root canal filling, the irrigant solution used and the use or nonuse of a calcium hydroxide intra-canal medicament. The teeth were then root-filled and incubated for 60 days at 37 °C. Dentine chips were removed from the canal walls with sequential sterile round burs at low speed. The samples obtained with each bur were immediately collected in separate test tubes containing Brain,Heart Infusion broth. These samples were placed onto agar plates and colony forming units were counted after 24 h at 37 °C. Data were ranked and analysed using the Kruskal,Wallis statistical test. Results,Enterococcus faecalis was recovered from 20% (three of 15 specimens) of G1 (chlorhexidine irrigation and immediate root filling in a single visit), 25% (four of 15 specimens) of G2 (chlorhexidine irrigation and filling after 14 days use of a calcium hydroxide dressing in multiple visits), 40% (two of five specimens) of G3 (chlorhexidine irrigation and filling after 7 days), 60% (three of five specimens) of G4 (saline irrigation and filling after 7 days) and from 100% (five of five specimens) of G5 (saline irrigation and immediate filling without sealer). Conclusions, Neither single- nor multiple-visit root canal treatment ex vivo, eliminated E. faecalis completely from dentinal tubules. Up to 60 days after root filling, E. faecalis remained viable inside dentinal tubules. When no sealer was used, E. faecalis presented a higher growth rate. [source] In vitro antimicrobial activity of several concentrations of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine gluconate in the elimination of Enterococcus faecalisINTERNATIONAL ENDODONTIC JOURNAL, Issue 6 2001B. P. F. A. Gomes Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to assess, in vitro, the effectiveness of several concentrations of NaOCl (0.5%, 1%, 2.5%, 4% and 5.25%) and two forms of chlorhexidine gluconate (gel and liquid) in three concentrations (0.2%, 1% and 2%) in the elimination of E. faecalis. Methodology A broth dilution test using 24-well cell culture plates was performed and the time taken for the irrigants to kill bacterial cells was recorded. Isolated 24 h colonies of pure cultures of E. faecalis grown on 10% sheep blood plus Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) agar plates were suspended in sterile 0.85% NaCl solution. The cell suspension was adjusted spectrophotometrically to match the turbidity of a McFarland 0.5 scale. One mL of each tested substance was placed on the bottom of wells of 24-well cell culture plates (Corning, NY), including the control group (sterile saline). Six wells were used for each time period and irrigant concentration. Two mL of the bacterial suspension were ultrasonically mixed for 10 s with the irrigants and placed in contact with them for 10, 30, and 45 s; 1, 3, 5, 10, 20, and 30 min; and 1 and 2 h. After each period of time, 1 mL from each well was transferred to tubes containing 2 mL of freshly prepared BHI + neutralizers in order to prevent a residual action of the irrigants. All tubes were incubated at 37°C for 7 days. The tubes considered to have positive growth were those which presented medium turbidity during the incubation period. Data were analysed statistically by the Kruskal,Wallis test, with the level of significance set at P < 0.05. Results All irrigants were effective in killing E. faecalis, but at different times. Chlorhexidine in the liquid form at all concentrations tested (0.2%, 1% and 2%) and NaOCl (5.25%) were the most effective irrigants. However, the time required by 0.2% chlorhexidine liquid and 2% chlorhexidine gel to promote negative cultures was only 30 s and 1 min, respectively. Conclusions Even though all tested irrigants possessed antibacterial activity, the time required to eliminate E. faecalis depended on the concentration and type of irrigant used. [source] Effects on titanium implant surfaces of chemical agents used for the treatment of peri-implantitisJOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH, Issue 1 2010Krisztina Ungvári Abstract The treatment of peri-implantitis, which causes tissue deterioration surrounding osseointegrated implants, involves surface decontamination and cleaning. However, chemical cleaning agents may alter the structure of implant surfaces. We investigated three such cleaning solutions. Commercially pure (grade 4) machined titanium discs (CAMLOG Biotechnologies AG, Switzerland) were treated with 3% H2O2 (5 min), saturated citric acid (pH = 1) (1 min) or chlorhexidine gel (5 min), and their surface properties were examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Human epithelial cell attachment (24-h observation) and proliferation (72-h observation) were investigated via dimethylthiazolyl-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and bicinchoninic acid (BCA) protein content assays. AFM revealed no significant difference in roughness of the three treated surfaces. XPS confirmed the constant presence of typical surface elements and an intact TiO2 layer on each surface. The XPS peaks after chlorhexidine gel treatment demonstrated CO and/or CO bond formation, due to chlorhexidine digluconate infiltrating the surface. MTT and BCA assays indicated similar epithelial cell attachments in the three groups; epithelial cell proliferation being significantly higher after H2O2 than after chlorhexidine gel treatment (not shown by BCA assays). These agents do not harm the Ti surface. Cleaning with H2O2 slightly enhances human epithelial cell growth, in contrast to chlorhexidine gel. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010. [source] Efficacy of a 0.5% chlorhexidine gel on the control of gingivitis in Brazilian mentally handicapped patientsJOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY, Issue 6 2003C. M. Pannuti Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a 0.5% chlorhexidine gel on the reduction of interdental gingival bleeding. Material and Methods: Forty-three mentally handicapped subjects, living in an institution (Casas André Luiz, Brazil), were enrolled in a double-blind randomised clinical trial. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups: test (chlorhexidine gel) and control (placebo gel). The gel was applied with trays, twice a day, over a period of 8 weeks. The interdental bleeding index (IBI) was recorded before and after the period in which the gel was used. Results: Statistical analysis showed that baseline IBI scores were similar (p=0.82) for test and control groups (55.6% and 54.5%, respectively). After 8 weeks, a statistically significant (p<0.001) decrease in IBI means took place in the test group (33.2%). The control group presented a small increase (60.6%) in IBI scores. The difference between groups was significant at the end of the study (p<0.001). Conclusion: The results indicated that the use of a 0.5% chlorhexidine gel was effective in reducing interdental gingival bleeding in special patients. Zusammenfassung Die Effizienz von 0,5% Chlorhexidin-Gel bei der Gingivitisprophylaxe von geistig behinderten Kindern in Brasilien Ziel: Die Evaluation der Effektivität von 0,5% Chlorhexidin-Gel bei der Reduktion der approximalen Gingivablutung Material und Methoden: Dreiundvierzig behinderte Kinder einer Institution (Casas André Luiz, Brasilien), wurden in eine randomisierte klinische Doppel-Blind-Studie aufgenommen. Die Teilnehmer wurden randomisiert in zwei Gruppen aufgeteilt: Test (Chlorhexidin-Gel) und Kontrolle (Plazebo-Gel). Während einer Periode von 8 Wochen wurde das Gel zweimal täglich mit Tiefziehschienen appliziert. Der Approximalraum-Blutungs-Index (IBI) wurde vor und nach der Periode, in der das Gel verwendet wurde, erhoben. Ergebnisse: Die statistische Analyse zeigte, dass die Ausgangswerte für den IBI für die Test- und die Kontrollgruppe ähnlich (p=0.82) waren (55,6% bzw. 54,5%). Nach 8 Wochen ergab sich in der Testgruppe ein statistisch signifikanter (p<0,001) Abfall der IBI Mittelwerte (33,2%). Die Kontrollgruppe präsentierte sich mit einer geringen Erhöhung (60,6%) der IBI-Werte. Bei Beendigung der Studie waren die Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen signifikant (p<0,001). Schlussfolgerung: Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass bei speziellen Patienten die Verwendung von 0,5% Chlorhexidin-Gel in der Reduktion der approximalen Gingivablutung effektiv war. Résumé Efficacité d'un gel de chlorhexidine à 0.5% sur le contrôle de la gingivite chez des patients brésilien handicapés mentaux. Objectif: Evaluer l'efficacité d'un gel de chlorhexidine à 0.5% sur la réduction du saignement gingival interdentaire. Matériel et Méthodes: 43 sujets handicapés mentaux vivant dans une institution (Casas André Luiz, Brésil), furent enrôlés dans une étude randomisée en double aveugle. Les sujets furent aléatoirement divisés en deux groupes: test (gel de chlorhexidine) et contrôle (gel placebo). Le gel fut appliqué avec des plaques 2 fois par jour pendant 8 semaines. L'indice de saignement interdentaire (IBI) fut enregistré avant et après la période d'utilisation du gel. Résultats: L'analyse statistique a montré que les notes d'IBI initiales étaient similaires (p=0.82) pour les groupes test et contrôle (55.6% et 54.5%, respectivement). Après 8 semaines, une diminution statistiquement significative (p<0.001) de l'IBI moyen apparut dans le groupe test (33.2%). Le groupe contrôle présentait une petite augmentation (60.6%) des notes d' IBI. La différence entre les groupes était significative à la fin de l'étude (p<0.001). Conclusion: Ces résultats indiquent que l'utilisation d'un gel de chlorhexidine à 0.5%était efficace pour réduire le saignement gingival interdentaire chez des patients spéciaux. [source] Short-term clinical effects of commercially available gel containing Acacia arabica: a randomized controlled clinical trialAUSTRALIAN DENTAL JOURNAL, Issue 1 2010AR Pradeep Abstract Background:, Certain plants used in folk medicine serve as a source of therapeutic agent by having antimicrobial and other multi-potential effects. This prospective, randomized, placebo and positively controlled clinical trial was designed to evaluate the short-term clinical effects of a commercially available gel containing Acacia arabica in the reduction of plaque and gingival inflammation in subjects with gingivitis. Methods:, Ninety subjects diagnosed with chronic generalized gingivitis were selected and randomly divided into three groups: Group I , placebo gel, Group II , gumtone gel and Group III , 1% chlorhexidine gel. Clinical evaluation was undertaken using the gingival index of Loe and Silness and the plaque index at baseline, 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 6 weeks. A subjective evaluation was undertaken by questionnaire. Results:, Gumtone gel showed significant clinical improvement in gingival and plaque index scores as compared to a placebo gel. This improvement was comparable to 1% chlorhexidine gel. Unlike chlorhexidine gel, gumtone gel was not associated with any discolouration of teeth or unpleasant taste. Conclusions:, Gumtone gel may be a useful herbal formulation for chemical plaque control agent and improvement in plaque and gingival status. [source] Adjunctive local antibiotic therapy in the treatment of peri-implantitis II: clinical and radiographic outcomesCLINICAL ORAL IMPLANTS RESEARCH, Issue 3 2007Giovanni E. Salvi Abstract Aim: To monitor over 12 months clinical and radiographic changes occurring after adjunctive local delivery of minocycline microspheres for the treatment of peri-implantitis. Material and methods: In 25 partially edentulous subjects, 31 implants diagnosed with peri-implantitis were treated. Three weeks after oral hygiene instruction, mechanical debridement and local antiseptic cleansing using 0.2% chlorhexidine gel, baseline (Day 0) parameters were recorded. Minocycline microspheres (Arestin®) were locally delivered to each implant site with bone loss and a probing pocket depth (PPD) ,5 mm. Rescue therapy with Arestin® was allowed at Days 180 and 270 at any site exhibiting an increase in PPD,2 mm from the previous visit. The following clinical parameters were recorded at four sites/implant at Day 0, 10, 30, 60, 90, 180, 270 and 360: PPD, clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP) and plaque index (PlI). Results: Six implants in six subjects were either rescued or exited because of persisting active peri-implantitis. Successful implants showed a statistically significant reduction in both PPD and percentage of sites with BOP between baseline and Day 360 (P<0.05). At mesial implant sites, the mean PPD reduction amounted to 1.6 mm (95% CI: 0.9,2.2 mm, P<0.001) and was accompanied by a statistically significant reduction of the BOP value (P<0.001). Binary regression analysis showed that the clinical parameters and smoking history could not discriminate between successfully treated and rescued or exited implants at any observation time point. Conclusion: Non-surgical mechanical treatment of peri-implantitis lesions with adjunctive local delivery of microencapsulated minocycline led to positive effects on clinical parameters up to 12 months. [source] | ||||||||||