Certain Products (certain + products)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Business, Economics, Finance and Accounting50%

Selected Abstracts

The widespread use of skin lightening creams in Senegal: a persistent public health problem in West Africa

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY, Issue 2 2002
Pascal Del Giudice MD
Background The use of skin lightening creams is common in the female population of some African countries. The long-term use of certain products for several months to years may cause cutaneous adverse effects. Methods From 1992 to 1993, we conducted an epidemiologic and clinical study in Dakar, Senegal. Women were questioned about the use of skin lightening creams and examined for potential adverse skin reactions. Six hundred and eighty-five Senegalese women participated in the study. Results Twenty-six per cent of women were using skin lightening creams at the time and 36% had used them at some time. The most common products used were hydroquinone and corticosteroids, but 25% of women had used products of unknown composition. Seventy-five per cent of women using such creams showed cutaneous adverse effects. Facial acne was the most common adverse effect. Conclusions A major part of the female adult population of Senegal used skin lightening creams. The long-term use of these creams is responsible for a high rate of cutaneous adverse effects. This practice has also been reported in other countries from sub-Saharan Africa and suggests a widespread use in the African population. [source]

Product placement and tourism-oriented environments: an exploratory introduction

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOURISM RESEARCH, Issue 4 2007
Adam Weaver
Abstract This paper examines the ,physical' placement of products within tourism-oriented environments. Product placement is usually associated with the incorporation of branded products into media vehicles. However, a type of placement also occurs within ,non-store' spaces used by tourists. Product placement within these spaces may increase awareness about certain products and, ultimately, induce purchases. Tourism-oriented environments may enhance the attractiveness of placed products because they enable consumers to interact with and appraise these products before they purchase them. A number of examples are provided, which demonstrate that marketers seek to create encounters between tourists and products. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

Calorie intake and income elasticities in EU countries: A convergence analysis using cointegration,

PAPERS IN REGIONAL SCIENCE, Issue 2 2001
Ana M. Angulo
European food demand; calorie intake; cointegration; convergence Abstract. We want to determine here whether the trans-European consumer reacts to changes in total food consumption or changes in income equalise in the long run. Do total calorie intake elasticities and income elasticities converge in the long-run? A demand system is estimated for each European country. The proportional caloric intakes of the various food groups are analyzed as endogenous variables, and two exogenous variables (total calorie intake and income), are both defined in log terms. As all variables are I(1) and non-cointegrated, demand systems are specified in first differences. Finally, we use Johansen and Juselius's multivariate cointegration tests to test for the convergence of calorie intake and income elasticities. Empirical results indicate a very limited convergence between certain products and countries considered, suggesting that country idiosyncrasies still play an important role in consumer behavior. [source]

Demand Diversification Under Uncertainty and Market Power

ASIAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL, Issue 4 2001
John J. Y. Seo
This paper justifies theoretically and empirically the diversification behaviour of an importing firm when it chooses the mixture of potentially differentiated products of its major input under price uncertainty. The paper investigates an equilibrium relationship among three key explanatory variables, which are the expected price, the systematic risk of price, and monopolistic market power of the suppliers in the market. The theoretical section shows that there exists a conflict between the risk,diversification effect and the agent's preference over certain products when the importer chooses the vector of optimal quantity shares. The latter effect may disturb or even dominate the former, which can be represented in an equilibrium relationship similar to the framework of the CAPM. As an empirical application, the Chinese wheat import market is examined and analysed to answer the questions raised by the basic statistics. JEL classification: F12; F14; L22 [source]