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Certain Chronic Diseases (certain + chronic_disease)
Selected AbstractsVegetarian Diets and Weight StatusNUTRITION REVIEWS, Issue 4 2006Susan E. Berkow PhD The increasing global health problems of overweight and obesity are associated with coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, osteoarthritis, and certain cancers, among other health concerns. Vegetarian diets are associated with reduced body weight, lower incidence of certain chronic disease, and lower medical costs compared with non-vegetarian diets. We reviewed the literature to ascertain the extent to which and by what mechanism(s) a plant-based diet may mediate body weight. [source] Roles of Vitamins E and C on Neurodegenerative Diseases and Cognitive PerformanceNUTRITION REVIEWS, Issue 10 2002Antonio Martin Demographic changes, together with improvements in nutrition, general health, and life expectancy, will greatly change the social and economic structures of most industrialized and developing countries in the next 50 years. Extended life expectancy has increased the number of chronic illnesses and disabilities, including cognitive impairments. Inflammatory processes and vascular dysfunctions appear to play important roles in the pathogenesis of age-associated pathologies including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. A large body of evidence shows that both vitamins E and C are important for the central nervous system and that a decrease in their concentrations causes structural and functional damage to the cells. Several studies reveal a link between diets rich in fruits and vegetables containing generous amounts of vitamins E and C and lower incidence of certain chronic diseases. [source] Genetically Engineered Crops: Their Potential Use for Improvement of Human NutritionNUTRITION REVIEWS, Issue 5 2002Lin Yan Ph.D. Great success has been achieved in increasing agriculture productivity to fulfill human needs during the second half of the 20th century. However, there will be much greater challenges in the future. Based on the current population growth rate of 1.4% per year, the world's population is forecast to increase from the current level of approximately six billion to nine to twelve billion in 50 years. In addition to continuously increasing demand for agricultural production, there is an urgent need to improve the nutritional quality of human diets for this rapidly growing human population. Malnutrition is still a worldwide health issue. Macronutrient and micronutrient deficiencies are prevalent in developing countries, and over-consumption of certain nutrients in developed countries (e.g., saturated fatty acids) is associated with high incidence of certain chronic diseases. Furthermore, there will be declining natural resources such as arable land and water, and the challenges to humans must be met without further degrading the environment. Biotechnology offers a valuable tool to help achieve these goals. This review focuses on the most recent advances in biotechnology, which promise to improve human nutrition by enhancing the nutrient density of plant foods. Issues relating to the safety of food products from genetically engineered crops are also discussed. [source] Chronic disease risk in central New York dairy farmers: Results from a large health survey 1989,1999AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE, Issue 1 2005Paul L. Jenkins PhD Abstract Background The agricultural workplace presents a variety of health and safety hazards; it is unknown whether farm work may be a risk factor for certain chronic diseases. Methods The health survey data from a large rural population in central New York were used from two studies (1989, 1999) to assess both 1999 prevalence and 10-year incidence of self-reported diabetes, heart disease, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension among farm (predominantly dairy) and non-farm residents. The 1999 asthma prevalence was also assessed. Results Multiple logistic regression models for 1999 prevalence found statistically significant protective effects of farming for hypertension (OR,=,0.83, P,=,0.0105) and hypercholesterolemia (OR,=,0.853, P,=,0.0522). Non-significant results were seen for heart disease (OR,=,0.67, P,=,0.128) and diabetes (OR,=,0.856, P,=,0.1358). The model for 1999 asthma prevalence showed a significantly elevated risk for farming (OR,=,1.542, P,=,0.0004). Logistic models created for the 10-year incidence of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, and heart disease did not show a significant effect for farming. Conclusions The protective effect of farming observed for the 1999 prevalence of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia was not seen for the 10-year incidence of these diseases. Am. J. Ind. Med. 47:20,26, 2005. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Antioxidants modulate the IL-6 induced inhibition of negative acute-phase protein secretion in HepG2 cellsCELL BIOCHEMISTRY AND FUNCTION, Issue 1 2008Mohamed A. El-Saadany Abstract Despite increasing evidence on the potential of dietary antioxidants in modulating the etiology of certain chronic diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases, little is known about their beneficial role in acute-phase responses and inflammatory diseases. From this viewpoint the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of selected dietary antioxidants in modulating the secretion of negative acute-phase proteins caused by interleukin-6 (IL-6) in HepG2 cells. Cells were first stimulated with a fixed dose of IL-6 for 24,h then incubated for a further 8,h with varying concentrations of eight antioxidants, ,-lipoic acid (LA), (,)-epicatechin (EC), (,)-epicatechin gallate (ECG), (,)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (,)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), ,-tocopherol (TOC), ascorbic acid (AA) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC). The culture supernatants were assayed for transthyretin (TTR) and retinol binding protein (RBP) using ELISA. The data revealed that IL-6 significantly reduced TTR and RBP secretion compared with the basal production. All tested antioxidants attenuate the reduction in TTR and RPB levels. The strongest effects were achieved with the highest concentration of each antioxidant. The order of effect were LA,>,EGCG,>,ECG,>,TOC,>,EGC,>,EC,>,NAC,>,AA. In conclusion, these results provide evidence that the dietary antioxidants can play a fundamental role in inflammatory processes. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] | ||||||||||