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Central Place (central + place)

Distribution by Scientific Domains

Humanities and Social Sciences	60%
Medical Sciences	13%
Life Sciences	13%

Terms modified by Central Place

central place forager

Selected Abstracts

An economic model of the limits to foraging range in central place foragers with numerical solutions for bumblebees

ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY, Issue 3 2000
James E. Cresswell
Summary 1. A model is described that evaluates the maximum economic foraging range in central place foragers by using optimality criteria to discriminate between foraging sites at different distances from the forager's central place. 2. The basic model can be varied to suit foragers that optimise either their rate of net energy uptake or their foraging efficiency. 3. The model requires specification of the time and energy budgets of travel and foraging, and of the rewards obtainable at potential foraging sites. 4. The specific case of bumblebees, whose foraging ranges are poorly known, is considered. 5. Numerical solutions of the model for parameter values that represent bumblebees and their forage predict economic foraging ranges exceeding several kilometres. The model demonstrates that economics alone can explain extensive flight ranges in bees. [source]

The Autocracy of Love and the Legitimacy of Empire: Intimacy, Power and Scandal in Nineteenth-Century Metlakahtlah

GENDER & HISTORY, Issue 2 2004
Adele Perry
This paper examines the politics of intimacy, power, and scandal at Metlakahtlah, a Church of England mission village in northern British Columbia, Canada, from 1862 to 1885, in order to cast light on settler colonialism and its aftermath. It particularly examines Metlakahtlah's main missionary, William Duncan, his relationships with young female converts and missionary women, and, perhaps more importantly, the stories that were told about them. Stories of Duncan's relationships with young Tsimshian women that circulated throughout settler society reveal the central place of sexuality to both critiques and defences of imperialism, and cast new light on contemporary politics around the historical experience of Indigenous children in settler colonies like Australia and Canada. [source]

Tradition and Sacred Texts

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC THEOLOGY, Issue 1 2004
Robert Murray
It places a particular stress on the central place of liturgy in this relationship. It then compares Catholic views with those of the Eastern Orthodox, noting particularly what Syrian exegesis has to teach Western readers, and with those of Protestant and Anglican Christianity. It then addresses the claims of the heirs of tradition, believers, to be interpreters of scripture vis-à-vis scientific biblical scholarship, concluding that they have great advantages in sympathy and imagination in entering into dialogue with the texts. [source]

Neither Romance Nor Regulation: Re-evaluating Community

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF URBAN AND REGIONAL RESEARCH, Issue 3 2006
JAMES DEFILIPPIS
As the realm of the community has grown increasingly important in the contemporary political economy, the theoretical debates surrounding community have also grown in importance and volume. Too often this literature has been either celebratory or dismissive; either romanticizing the concept and thereby elevating it to primary rank as the focal point of societal initiatives, or objecting to its regulated limits and contradictions and thereby dismissing its importance and political utility. There are important contributions being made by both those who dismiss community and those who celebrate it. But for those interested in understanding the potential for emancipatory social change in the contemporary political economy of neoliberalism there are also severe limitations imposed by these perspectives. After critiquing these literatures and debates, we put forward an understanding of community that is neither dismissive nor celebratory, but instead argues that communities need to be understood as simultaneously products of both their larger, and largely external, contexts, and the practices, organizations and relations that take place within them. Thus, communities, because of their central place in capitalist political economies, can be vital arenas for social change. But they are also arenas that are constrained in their capacities to host such efforts. [source]

The Concept of Social Exclusion in the European Union: Context, Development and Possibilities

JCMS: JOURNAL OF COMMON MARKET STUDIES, Issue 3 2000
Rob Atkinson
In recent years the term ,social exclusion' has come to occupy a central place in the discussion of social policy and inequality in Europe. While the notion has acquired important strategic connotations, by stressing structural and cultural/social processes, the precise meaning of the term remains somewhat elusive. This article focuses on the reason for and the manner in which the notion of social exclusion has developed within the EU social policy discourse, aiming to provide a clearer understanding of its origins, functions and multiple dimensions. Whilst adopting a critical approach to the notion of social exclusion, the article suggests that the concept has played a positive role in keeping issues such as inequality and poverty on the policy agenda. The article also suggests possible ways in which social exclusion might be developed in a climate which has become less conducive, if not hostile, to an autonomous, activist EU social policy. [source]

A note on Bar Induction in Constructive Set Theory

MLQ- MATHEMATICAL LOGIC QUARTERLY, Issue 3 2006
Michael Rathjen
Abstract Bar Induction occupies a central place in Brouwerian mathematics. This note is concerned with the strength of Bar Induction on the basis of Constructive Zermelo-Fraenkel Set Theory, CZF. It is shown that CZF augmented by decidable Bar Induction proves the 1-consistency of CZF. This answers a question of P. Aczel who used Bar Induction to give a proof of the Lusin Separation Theorem in the constructive set theory CZF. (© 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [source]

Perspectives on an Early Bronze Age Island Centre: An Analysis of Pottery from Daskaleio-Kavos (Keros) in the Cyclades

OXFORD JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGY, Issue 4 2000
Cyprian Broodbank
Island central places occupy a prominent position in archaeological, anthropological and historical debate, but the number of early examples of such centres that have to date been investigated in detail remains small. One such central place in the Early Bronze Age (3rd millennium BC) Cycladic islands of the Aegean was the site of Daskaleio-Kavos on Keros, although the interpretation of this site's functions is controversial. Fieldwork at the site in 1987 generated a large sample of pottery that allows the site's local and inter-regional connections to be explored in detail for the first time. The results of ceramic analysis indicate that Daskaleio-Kavos operated as the active maritime centre of an intensive network of inter-island exchange. [source]

The place of suxamethonium in pediatric anesthesia

PEDIATRIC ANESTHESIA, Issue 6 2009
MARCIN RAWICZ MD
Summary Suxamethonium is a drug that promotes very strong views both for and against its use in the context of pediatric anesthesia. As such, the continuing debate is an excellent topic for a ,Pro,Con' debate. Despite ongoing efforts by drug companies, the popular view still remains that there is no single neuromuscular blocking drug that can match suxamethonium in terms of speed of onset of neuromuscular block and return of neuromuscular control. However, with this drug the balance of benefit vs risk and side effects are pivotal. Suxamethonium has significant adverse effects, some of which can be life threatening. This is particularly relevant for pediatric anesthesia because the spectrum of childhood diseases may expose susceptible individuals to an increased likelihood of adverse events compared with adults. Additionally, the concerns related to airway control in the infant may encourage the occasional pediatric anesthetist to use the drug in preference to slower onset/offset drugs. In the current environment of drug research, surveillance and licensing, it is debatable whether this drug would achieve the central place it still has in pediatric anesthesia. The arguments for and against its use are set out below by our two international experts, Marcin Rawicz from Poland and Barbara Brandom from USA. This will allow the reader an objective evaluation with which to make an informed choice about the use of suxamethonium in their practice. [source]

Ethics Beyond Moral Theory

PHILOSOPHICAL INVESTIGATIONS, Issue 3 2009
Timothy Chappell
I develop an anti-theory view of ethics. Moral theory (Kantian, utilitarian, virtue ethical, etc.) is the dominant approach to ethics among academic philosophers. But moral theory's hunt for a single Master Factor (utility, universalisability, virtue . . .) is implausibly systematising and reductionist. Perhaps scientism drives the approach? But good science always insists on respect for the data, even messy data: I criticise Singer's remarks on infanticide as a clear instance of moral theory failing to respect the data of moral perceptions and moral intuitions. Moral theory also fails to provide a coherent basis for real-world motivation, justification, explanation, and prediction of good and bad, right and wrong. Consider for instance the marginal place of love in moral theory, compared with its central place in people's actual ethical outlooks and decision making. Hence, moral theory typically fails to ground any adequate ethical outlook. I propose that it is the notion of an ethical outlook that philosophical ethicists should pursue, not the unfruitful and distorting notion of a moral theory. [source]

Unbearable suffering of patients with a request for euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide: an integrative review

PSYCHO-ONCOLOGY, Issue 4 2010
Marianne Dees
Abstract Purpose: In the legal performance of the euthanasia procedure, unbearable suffering, one of the requirements of due care, is difficult to assess. Evaluation of the current knowledge of unbearable suffering is needed in the ongoing debate about the conditions on which EAS can be approved. Methods: Using an integrative literature review, we evaluated publications with definitions of suffering in general or in end-of-life situations and with descriptions of suffering in the context of a request for EAS. Data synthesis: From the 1482 citations identified, we included 55 publications: 20 articles about definitions of suffering and 35 empirical studies on suffering. We found no definition of unbearable suffering in the context of a request for EAS. Qualitative patient-centered studies revealed the most motivations, and the most motivations named by only one of the three parties involved. The studies of relatives were limited, mainly quantitative and retrospective. We found no studies that brought together the views of the patients, relatives, and healthcare professionals. Conclusions: There is no generally accepted definition of ,unbearable suffering' in the context of a request for EAS. On the basis of the articles reviewed, we propose the following conceptual definition: ,Unbearable suffering in the context of a request for EAS is a profoundly personal experience of an actual or perceived impending threat to the integrity or life of the person, which has a significant duration and a central place in the person's mind'. Further patient-centered qualitative research into suffering is needed to clarify this definition. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

DUAL ECONOMY MODELS: A PRIMER FOR GROWTH ECONOMISTS

THE MANCHESTER SCHOOL, Issue 4 2005
JONATHAN TEMPLE
This paper argues that dual economy models deserve a central place in the analysis of growth in developing countries. The paper shows how these models can be used to analyse the output losses associated with factor misallocation, aggregate growth in the presence of factor market distortions, international differences in sectoral productivity and the potential role of increasing returns to scale. Above all, small-scale general equilibrium models can be used to investigate the interactions between growth and labour markets, to shed new light on the origins of pro-poor and labour-intensive growth, and to explore the role of the informal sector. [source]

Out of Africa with regional interbreeding?

BIOESSAYS, Issue 10 2002
Modern human origins
A central issue in paleoanthropology is whether modern humans emerged in a single geographic area and subsequently replaced the preexisting people in other areas. Although the study of human mitochondrial DNAs supported this single-origin and complete-replacement model, a recent paper1 argues that humans expanded out of Africa more than once and regionally interbred. However, both the genetic antiquity and the impact of the African contribution to modern Homo sapiens are so great as to view Africa as a central place of human evolution. Despite the possibility that out-of-Africa H. sapiens interbred with other populations, this evidence is more consistent with the uniregional hypothesis than the multiregional hypothesis of modern human origins. BioEssays 24:871,875, 2002. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [source]

Childhood risks and protective factors in social exclusion

CHILDREN & SOCIETY, Issue 5 2001
John Bynner
Combating social exclusion is a dominant theme in the current policy agenda. Yet the term social exclusion is of relatively recent origin. It was promoted originally in France in policy debates surrounding disability (Evans, 2000) and through theoretical developments in sociology and political science about the increasing detachment of certain individuals and groups from the state in late modernity (Beck and others, 1994). A quite different and more long-standing research tradition is to be found in developmental psychology,respectively in the sub-fields of ,developmental psychopathology' (Rutter, 1993) and ,life course theory and lifespan developmental psychology' (Elder and others 1993, 1998a&b; Lerner,1998; Lerner and others, 2000). The two themes come together in the idea of risk: Which children are most vulnerable to adult psychiatric disorders or criminality? Which children are likely to become socially excluded as adults? A dialogue between risk and social exclusion is likely to be fruitful in bringing together large and diverse research literatures combining both explanatory and intervention studies to bear on a central problem of modern society. The purpose of this paper is to begin such a task, but selectively, focusing on the main themes of research, as illuminated by key findings. The paper concludes with a consideration of recent policy initiatives to combat social exclusion, in which the ideas of risk and protection have a central place. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source]

THE CHANGING STRUCTURE OF THE CENTRAL PLACE SYSTEM IN TRØNDELAG, NORWAY, OVER THE PAST 40 YEARS , VIEWED IN THE LIGHT OF OLD AND RECENT THEORIES AND TRENDS

GEOGRAFISKA ANNALER SERIES B: HUMAN GEOGRAPHY, Issue 2007
Britt Dale
ABSTRACT. The IGU Symposium on Urban Geography in Lund in 1960 was a path-breaking event towards new nomothetic thinking within the discipline. In nearly half of the papers, the state of the art in central place research was presented and debated. The symposium was the main source of inspiration for a study of the central place system in Midt-Norge in the 1960s, a research project that has been followed up in stages over a 40-year period. The result is a unique collection of data, covering all central places in the region and the location of approximately 200 service functions of different categories in the 1960s, 1980s and c. 2000. Despite the profound changes that have taken place on the part of the consumer, as well as the supplier, the main structure of the central place hierarchy has been surprisingly stable. However, when looking at the growth and decline of each of the different service functions, considerable dynamics have been found. There are tendencies of centralization/concentration as well as decentralization/dispersion. Furthermore, the functional division of labour by vertical steps and tiers in the 1960s has been supplemented by horizontal specialization between places, and also in the lower levels of the central place hierarchy. In this paper, we present and discuss some of the main changes that have taken place in the system in the light of older and newer theories and trends. [source]