Central European (central + european)

Distribution by Scientific Domains
Life Sciences100%

Terms modified by Central European

  • central european population
    		•

    Selected Abstracts

    Complete Genome Sequence of a Slovak Isolate of Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus (ZYMV) Provides Further Evidence of a Close Molecular Relationship Among Central European ZYMV Isolates,

    JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 7-8 2006
    M. Glasa
    Abstract The complete nucleotide sequence of a Slovak isolate of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV-Kuchyna) was determined. The viral genome contains 9593 nucleotides, excluding the poly(A) tail, and encodes a putative polyprotein of 3080 amino acid residues. All characteristic motifs of potyviral proteins' fundamental viral properties and vector transmission are conserved in the ZYMV-Kuchyna genome. The entire sequence shares identities of 90.4,98.8% and 78,98.8% with 12 sequenced ZYMV isolates at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of the complete capsid protein (CP) sequences of more than 50 geographically different ZYMV isolates has shown that Central European isolates are closely related and form a phylogenetically homogeneous group. [source]

    Long-term changes in the chromosomal inversion polymorphism of Drosophila subobscura.

    JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGICAL SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTIONARY RESEARCH, Issue 3 2004

    Abstract The chromosomal polymorphism of 13 European populations of Drosophila subobscura has been compared with that of the same populations collected 15,35 years ago. The chromosomal polymorphism of the old populations differs significantly from that of the new populations, mainly for chromosomes U and O. There is a very good agreement between the geographical space and the genetic space as shown by a graphical representation of the 26 statistical populations (13 old and 13 new) obtained by a principal coordinate analysis. This reflects both the existence of significant latitudinal clines for the frequencies of some chromosomal arrangements in the old and new samples and systematic changes that have taken place in these populations during the period that elapsed between the two surveys. An increase in the frequency of those arrangements typical of southern latitudes and a decrease for those common in northern latitudes is observed in all populations , Mediterranean, Atlantic and Central European. Furthermore, the genetic distances of the new populations to a southern population of reference have decreased in comparison with those of the old populations. These changes could be the result of climatic factors that are correlated with latitude. In particular, the assumption that global warming is responsible for all the changes observed appears rather likely. Whether these systematic changes of the chromosomal polymorphism are a consequence of local adaptations or have been produced by migration from the south remains an open question. Zusamennfassung Der gegenwärtige chromosomale Inversionspolymorphismus in 13 europäischen Populationen von Drosophila subobscura wurde mit dem Zustand in denselben Populationen verglichen, die vor 15 bis 35 Jahren untersucht worden waren. Der Chromosomenpolymorphismus der ,,alten'' Populationen unterscheidet sich signifikant von dem der ,,neuen'' Populationen, besonders für die Chromosomen U und O. Eine sehr gute Übereinstimmung zeigt sich zwischen der geographischen Komponente und der genetischen Komponente bei einer graphischen Darstellung der 26 Populationen (13 alte und 13 neue Populationen) durch eine Koordinatenanalyse. Das spiegelt beides wider, die Existenz von signifikanten breitenabhängigen Klinen in der Häufigkeit einiger chromosomaler Strukturtypen in den alten und den neuen Populationen, aber auch die systematischen Änderungen, die sich bei diesen Populationen im Laufe der Zeit zwischen den beiden Untersuchungen ereignet haben. Eine Zunahme in den Häufigkeiten jener Chromosomenstrukturen, die typisch für südliche Breiten sind, und eine Abnahme solcher Strukturen, die häufig in nördliche Breiten sind, konnte beobachtet werden - in den mediterranen, den atlantischen und den mitteleuropäischen Populationen in der gleichen Weise. Außerdem haben die genetischen Distanzen der neuen Populationen zu einer südlichen Referenzpopulation im Vergleich zu denen der alten Populationen abgenommen. Diese Veränderungen wurden vermutlich von klimatischen Faktoren bestimmt, die mit der geographischen Breite korreliert sind. Insbesonders erscheint die Annahme, daß die globale Erwärmung für die Veränderungen des Chromosomenpolymorphismus dafür verantwortlich ist, ziemlich wahrscheinlich. Ob diese systematischen Transformationen des Chromosomenpolymorphismus ein Konsequenz lokaler Anpassungen oder auf Migration aus dem Süden zurückzuführen sind, bleibt eine offene Frage. [source]

    Asymmetric size and shape variation in the Central European transect across the house mouse hybrid zone

    BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY, Issue 1 2010
    ONDREJ MIKULA
    We studied asymmetric variation of the mandible in the Central European portion of the hybrid zone between two house mouse subspecies, Mus musculus musculus and Mus musculus domesticus. Within introgression classes, defined by the share of diagnostic allozymes, we quantified the directional and fluctuating component of asymmetric variation, as well as skewness and kurtosis of individual asymmetry distributions. Furthermore, in the same manner we re-analysed asymmetric variation of the ventral side of the skull. According to the quadratic polynomial model, the mandible shape-fluctuating asymmetry, but not size-fluctuating asymmetry, was significantly decreased in the centre of the hybrid zone (with a minimum predicted for a hybrid index of 0.41). On the contrary, the skull shape-fluctuating asymmetry non-monotonically increased towards the musculus side of the hybrid zone (with a peak predicted for a hybrid index of 0.86). Thus, the impact of hybridization on fluctuating asymmetry is trait-specific in this portion of the house mouse hybrid zone. The only general feature of asymmetric variation we observed was the shift towards the platykurtosis of asymmetry distributions in the centre of the hybrid zone. Taken together, we suggest genetic variability for right,left asymmetries to be generally increased, but the developmental instability of mandible shape to be decreased, by hybridization. We hypothesize the decrease of developmental instability to be caused by overdominant effects on developmental dynamics rather than by increased heterozygosity. © 2010 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2010, 101, 13,27. [source]

    Genetic differentiation among the Maculinea species (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) in eastern Central Europe

    BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY, Issue 1 2007
    KATALIN PECSENYE
    The present study aimed to analyse the level of genetic variation in the eastern Central European (Slovenia, Hungary, and Romania/Transylvania) populations of the Large Blues (Maculinea) to analyse the pattern of differentiation both between and within the species. One objective was to compare the level of differentiation between the two disputed species (Maculinea alcon and Maculinea rebeli) with that among the other species. Imagos were collected from 23 localities in eastern Central Europe in 2002. Enzyme polymorphism was analysed using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Fourteen enzyme loci were studied in all samples. In the analysis of the data, F -statistics and Nei's genetic distances were calculated and a dendrogram (unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean) was constructed on the basis of the distance matrix. A multivariate analysis of variance was performed to study the pattern of genetic differentiation among the samples. Principal component analysis analysis was also carried out using the allele frequency data of the samples. Our results indicated that the large blues are generally less polymorphic than other European lycaenid butterflies studied. At the same time, the level of genetic differentiation was high, even among local populations within the species. A low level of genetic variation within the populations coupled with strong differentiation among them implies the effect of genetic drift. Strong genetic differentiation of four Maculinea species (M. alcon, Maculinea teleius, Maculinea nausithous, and Maculinea arion) was confirmed. Significant differentiation was not found between M. alcon and M. rebeli. © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 91, 11,21. [source]

    Plant species richness of nature reserves: the interplay of area, climate and habitat in a central European landscape

    GLOBAL ECOLOGY, Issue 4 2002
    Petr Py
    Abstract Aim To detect regional patterns of plant species richness in temperate nature reserves and determine the unbiased effects of environmental variables by mutual correlation with operating factors. Location The Czech Republic. Methods Plant species richness in 302 nature reserves was studied by using 14 explanatory variables reflecting the reserve area, altitude, climate, habitat diversity and prevailing vegetation type. Backward elimination of explanatory variables was used to analyse the data, taking into account their interactive nature, until the model contained only significant terms. Results A minimal adequate model with reserve area, mean altitude, prevailing vegetation type and habitat diversity (expressed as the number of major habitat types in the reserve) accounted for 53.9% of the variance in species number. After removing the area effect, habitat diversity explained 15.6% of variance, while prevailing vegetation type explained 29.6%. After removing the effect of both area and vegetation type, the resulting model explained 10.3% of the variance, indicating that species richness further increased with habitat diversity, and most obviously towards warm districts. After removing the effects of area, habitat diversity and climatic district, the model still explained 9.4% of the variance, and showed that species richness (i) significantly decreased with increasing mean altitude and annual precipitation, and with decreasing January temperature in the region of the mountain flora, and (ii) increased with altitudinal range in regions of temperate and thermophilous flora. Main conclusions We described, in quantitative terms, the effects of the main factors that might be considered to be determining plant species richness in temperate nature reserves, and evaluated their relative importance. The direct habitat effect on species richness was roughly equal to the direct area effect, but the total direct and indirect effects of area slightly exceeded that of habitat. It was shown that the overall effect of composite variables such as altitude or climatic district can be separated into particular climatic variables, which influence the richness of flora in a context-specific manner. The statistical explanation of richness variation at the level of families yielded similar results to that for species, indicating that the system of nature conservation provides similar degrees of protection at different taxonomic levels. [source]