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Cervical Range (cervical + range)
Selected AbstractsAre cervical physical outcome measures influenced by the presence of symptomatology?PHYSIOTHERAPY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL, Issue 3 2002Michele Sterling Abstract Background and Purpose Outcome measures must be repeatable over time to judge changes as a result of treatment. It is unknown whether the presence of neck pain can affect measurement reliability over a time period when some change could be expected as a result of an intervention. The present study investigated the reliability of two measures, active cervical range of movement (AROM) and pressure pain thresholds (PPTs), in symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects. Method A repeated-measures study design with one week between testing sessions was used. Nineteen healthy asymptomatic subjects and 19 subjects with chronic neck pain participated in the study. The neck movements measured were: flexion, extension, right and left lateral flexion, and axial rotation. PPTs were measured over six bilateral sites, both local and remote to the cervical spine. Results The between-week intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs2,1) for AROM ranged from 0.67 to 0.93 (asymptomatic group) and from 0.64 to 0.88 (chronic neck pain group). Standard error of measurement (SEM) was similar in both groups, from 2.66° to 5.59° (asymptomatic group) and from 2.36° to 6.72° (chronic neck pain group). ICCs2,1 for PPTs ranged from 0.70 to 0.91 (asymptomatic group) and from 0.69 to 0.92 (chronic neck pain group). SEM ranged from 11.14 to 87.71 kPa (asymptomatic group) and from 14.25 to 102.95 kPa (chronic neck pain group). Conclusions The findings of moderate to very high between-week reliability of measures of AROM and PPTs in both asymptomatic and chronic neck pain subjects suggest the presence of symptomatology does not adversely affect reliability of these measures. The results support the use of these measures for monitoring change in chronic neck pain conditions. Copyright © 2002 Whurr Publishers Ltd. [source] The effect of measurement protocol on active cervical motion in healthy subjectsPHYSIOTHERAPY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL, Issue 3 2002Professor Zeevi Dvir Abstract Background and Purpose Although the assessment of cervical motion is routinely performed in clinical practice, no standard protocol for this procedure has ever been established formally. The specific aim of the present study was to select from four different measurement protocols the one which was most stable in terms of reproducibility and was appropriate for clinical and/or medicolegal applications. Method A repeated measurement, test,retest of cervical motion study design using an ultrasound-based system for three-dimensional (3D) motion analysis; cervical range of motion was measured along the six primary directions: flexion; extension; right and left rotation; and right and left lateral flexion, in 20 healthy subjects who were tested twice over a period of lasting from one to four weeks. ,Protocol A' (reciprocal,intermittent testing) consisted of moving the head along a given primary direction, return to the neutral position, a pause and then motion to the opposite primary direction and return to neutral position. These movements were repeated three times. ,Protocol B' (reciprocal,continuous testing) was identical to Protocol A, but without the pause between the primary directions. ,Protocol C' consisted of three repetitions of the same primary direction with a break between two consecutive primary directions. Three sets of six randomly ordered primary directions constituted ,Protocol D'. Results Protocol D was associated with a significantly smaller range of motion and with the least intra-test reproducibility, as indicated by the coefficient of variation. The differences between the other protocols were largely negligible. Conclusion In routine clinical practice, either of protocols A, B or C may be applied. Copyright © 2002 Whurr Publishers Ltd. [source] Cognitive symptoms, cervical range of motion and pain as prognostic factors after whiplash traumaACTA NEUROLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 4 2010P. Borenstein Borenstein P, Rosenfeld M, Gunnarsson R. Cognitive symptoms, cervical range of motion and pain as prognostic factors after whiplash trauma. Acta Neurol Scand: 2010: 122: 278,285. © 2009 The Authors Journal compilation © 2009 Blackwell Munksgaard. Objectives,,, To evaluate pain, cervical range of motion (CROM) and cognitive symptoms as predictors for poor prognosis defined as sick leave 3 years later. Material and methods,,, In 97 patients CROM, pain intensity and cognitive symptoms were measured immediately following trauma, at 6 months and 3 years. Patients were also asked at 3 years if they had been on sick leave the last 6 months. Results,,, Pain intensity and reduced CROM were not clinically useful as predictors of later sick leave. The best predictors were presence within 96 h after injury of the two cognitive symptoms ,being easily distracted' (odds ratio 8.7,50) and ,easily irritated' (odds ratio 5.3,31). Conclusions,,, Initial pain and reduced CROM may be related to minor tissue damage which often heals while late functionality is more dependent on other factors such as cognitive dysfunction. For patients with whiplash-associated disorders two simple questions should be asked; ,Are you currently easily irritated?' and ,Are you currently easily distracted (e.g. is it difficult for you to follow a conversation if several people are talking in the room at the same time)?'. An affirmative answer to any of these questions indicates an increased risk for poor prognosis defined as sick leave 3 years later. [source] | ||||||||||