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Cerebral Veins (cerebral + vein)
Selected AbstractsInterobserver agreement in the magnetic resonance location of cerebral vein and dural sinus thrombosisEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 3 2007J. M. Ferro The interobserver variation in the magnetic resonance (MR) location of cerebral vein and dural sinus thrombosis (CVT) has not been previously reported. Four independent observers rated a convenience sample of 40 MR/MR angiographies to assess whether or not each dural sinus and major cerebral veins were occluded. Interobserver reliability was measured using , statistics. Interobserver agreement was comparable between the six pairs of raters. Agreement was excellent for thrombosis of the deep cerebral venous system (, = 1.00), cerebellar veins (, = 1.00), superior saggital sinus (, range: 0.82,1) and right jugular vein (, range: 0.84,0.95); good to excellent for the right transverse/sigmoid sinus (, range: 0.75,0.90) and the left jugular vein (, range: 0.65,0.85); moderate to excellent for the left lateral sinus (, range: 0.59,0.78) and the straight sinus (, range: 0.59,0.92); poor to good for the cortical veins (, range: 0.02,0.65). Agreement between observers varies with the location of CVT. It is good or excellent for most of the occluded sinus and veins, except for the cortical veins. This study suggests that information on the location of CVT can be reliably collected and used in multicentre studies. [source] Galen and his anatomic eponym: Vein of GalenCLINICAL ANATOMY, Issue 6 2004Cagatay Ustun Abstract Galen or Galenus was born at Pergamum (now Bergama in Turkey) in 129 A.D., and died in the year 200 A.D. He was a 2nd century Greek philosopher-physician who switched to the medical profession after his father dreamt of this calling for his son. Galen's training and experiences brought him to Alexandria and Rome and he rose quickly to fame with public demonstrations of anatomical and surgical skills. He became physician to emperor Marcus Aurelius and the emperor's ambitious son, Commodus. He wrote prodigiously and was able to preserve his medical research in 22 volumes of printed text, representing half of all Greek medical literature that is available to us today. The structures, the great cerebral vein and the communicating branch of the internal laryngeal nerve, bear his eponym. Clin. Anat. 17:454,457, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Interobserver agreement in the magnetic resonance location of cerebral vein and dural sinus thrombosisEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 3 2007J. M. Ferro The interobserver variation in the magnetic resonance (MR) location of cerebral vein and dural sinus thrombosis (CVT) has not been previously reported. Four independent observers rated a convenience sample of 40 MR/MR angiographies to assess whether or not each dural sinus and major cerebral veins were occluded. Interobserver reliability was measured using , statistics. Interobserver agreement was comparable between the six pairs of raters. Agreement was excellent for thrombosis of the deep cerebral venous system (, = 1.00), cerebellar veins (, = 1.00), superior saggital sinus (, range: 0.82,1) and right jugular vein (, range: 0.84,0.95); good to excellent for the right transverse/sigmoid sinus (, range: 0.75,0.90) and the left jugular vein (, range: 0.65,0.85); moderate to excellent for the left lateral sinus (, range: 0.59,0.78) and the straight sinus (, range: 0.59,0.92); poor to good for the cortical veins (, range: 0.02,0.65). Agreement between observers varies with the location of CVT. It is good or excellent for most of the occluded sinus and veins, except for the cortical veins. This study suggests that information on the location of CVT can be reliably collected and used in multicentre studies. [source] Incidence of the JAK2 V617F mutation among patients with splanchnic or cerebral venous thrombosis and without overt chronic myeloproliferative disordersJOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS, Issue 4 2007V. DE STEFANO Summary., Background:, Thrombosis of splanchnic or cerebral veins is a typical manifestation of polycythemia vera (PV) or essential thrombocythemia (ET). The recently identified Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) V617F somatic mutation is closely related to chronic myeloproliferative disorders (CMD). Objective:, To assess the incidence of the JAK2 V617F mutation among patients with splanchnic or cerebral venous thrombosis with or without overt CMD. Patients and methods:, We searched for the mutation in 139 adult patients (> 18 years old) with thrombosis of hepatic veins (HVT, n = 15), or extrahepatic portal vein (PVT) and/or mesenteric vein (MVT) (n = 79), or cerebral veins (CVT, n = 45). Only 19 patients fulfilled criteria for diagnosis of PV (n = 8) or ET (n = 11) at the time of thrombosis: four had HVT, 11 PVT and/or MVT, and four CVT. Results:, The JAK2 V617F mutation was found in 94.7% [95% CI 75.3,99.0] of the patients with overt CMD at the time of thrombosis, in 21.5% (95% CI 13.8,31.7) of the patients with abdominal venous thrombosis and without overt CMD, and in 4.8% (95% CI 1.3,16.1) of the patients with CVT and without overt CMD. Among the patients without overt CMD or thrombophilia and with unprovoked thrombosis, 29.4% (95% CI 16.8,46.1) with splanchnic venous thrombosis and 42.8% (95% CI 24.4,63.4) with PVT had the JAK2 V617F mutation. Conclusions:, A substantial proportion of patients with splanchnic venous thrombosis and a small, but significant, number of patients with CVT can be recognized as carriers of the JAK2 V617F mutation in the absence of overt signs of CMD. The clinical significance of such findings deserves further investigation. [source] No cerebrocervical venous congestion in patients with multiple sclerosis,ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY, Issue 2 2010Florian Doepp MD Objective: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by demyelination centered around cerebral veins. Recent studies suggested this topographic pattern may be caused by venous congestion, a condition termed chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI). Published sonographic criteria of CCSVI include reflux in the deep cerebral veins and/or the internal jugular and vertebral veins (IJVs and VVs), stenosis of the IJVs, missing flow in IJVs and VVs, and inverse postural response of the cerebral venous drainage. Methods: We performed an extended extra- and transcranial color-coded sonography study including analysis of extracranial venous blood volume flow (BVF), cross-sectional areas, IJV flow analysis during Valsalva maneuver (VM), and CCSVI criteria. Fifty-six MS patients and 20 controls were studied. Results: Except for 1 patient, blood flow direction in the IJVs and VVs was normal in all subjects. In none of the subjects was IJV stenosis detected. IJV and VV BVF in both groups was equal in the supine body position. The decrease of total jugular BVF on turning into the upright position was less pronounced in patients (173 ± 235 vs 362 ± 150ml/min, p < 0.001), leading to higher BVF in the latter position (318ml/min ± 242 vs 123 ± 109ml/min; p < 0.001). No differences between groups were seen in intracranial veins and during VM. None of the subjects investigated in this study fulfilled >1 criterion for CCSVI. Interpretation: Our results challenge the hypothesis that cerebral venous congestion plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of MS. Future studies should elucidate the difference between patients and healthy subjects in BVF regulation. ANN NEUROL 2010;68:173,183 [source] Ultrasound contrast enhancing agents in neurosonology: principles, methods,future possibilitiesACTA NEUROLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Issue 1 2000D. W. Droste Objectives, Ultrasound of the brain supplying arteries is a standard diagnostic procedure in patients with suspected and definite acute and chronic cerebrovascular occlusive disease. Anatomical and pathological limitations led to the development of echocontrast agents which are able to survive pulmonary and capillary transit and improve the echogenicity of the flowing blood. Material and Methods, This article reviews present and future applications of echocontrast agents in conjunction with personal experiences. Results, Currently, echocontrast is used for the differentiation of internal carotid artery occlusion and pseudoocclusion, better delineation of the maximal narrowing in high-grade stenoses, and better visualization of the extracranial vertebral artery and its collaterals. Transcranial applications include the insufficient foraminal or temporal window, assessment of arteriovenous malformations, thrombosis of cerebral veins and sinuses, and intracranial aneurysms. The use of echocontrast can have direct diagnostic and therapeutic consequences. Harmonic imaging, perfusion imaging, stimulated acoustic emission, and drug delivery are possible future domains of the technique. Discussion, Besides the support of conventional neurovascular ultrasound in poor examination conditions due to the patients' anatomy or pathology, echocontrast agents may allow for novel applications in the diagnosis and treatment of cerebrovascular patients. [source] | ||||||||||