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Cerebral Palsy (cerebral + palsy)
Kinds of Cerebral Palsy Terms modified by Cerebral Palsy Selected AbstractsPARENTS BECOME ACTIVE PARTICIPANTS IN HOME THERAPY PROGRAMS, STRIVING TO MAXIMISE GAINS FOR THEIR CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY, GIVEN TIME TO COME TO GRIPS WITH THEIR SITUATIONAUSTRALIAN OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY JOURNAL, Issue 2 2004Christine Imms No abstract is available for this article. [source] Session A: Cerebral Palsy: a Population-Based International PerspectiveDEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE & CHILD NEUROLOGY, Issue 2010Article first published online: 1 SEP 2010 First page of article [source] Validity and reliability of the guidelines of the Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe for the classification of cerebral palsyDEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE & CHILD NEUROLOGY, Issue 11 2008Mary Gainsborough MRCPCH The validity and reliability of the guidelines of the Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe (SCPE) for the classification of cerebral palsy (CP) were tested by administering 10 written case vignettes via an interactive web-based link to 30 SCPE partners. There was a moderately good level of agreement (,=0.59) about inclusion as a CP case on the SCPE database. Classification by CP subtype differed in two main areas: assigning spastic versus dyskinetic and judgement of distribution of spastic involvement. Agreement on Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level was less good than reported in previous studies. Twenty respondents repeated the test 5 months later and there was good repeatability for case inclusion (,= 0.72) but considerable variation in assignment of CP subtype and GMFCS level. There is a need for further collaborative work and training to improve harmonization of the classification of CP, including examination, application of SCPE guidelines, and register coding. [source] The Definition and Classification of Cerebral PalsyDEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE & CHILD NEUROLOGY, Issue 2007Article first published online: 23 FEB 200 No abstract is available for this article. [source] American Academy for Cerebral Palsy & Developmental Medicine 2002DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE & CHILD NEUROLOGY, Issue 8 2002Article first published online: 13 FEB 200 First page of article [source] The Gross Motor Function Classification System for Cerebral Palsy: a study of reliability and stability over timeDEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE & CHILD NEUROLOGY, Issue 5 2000Ellen Wood MD MSc FRCP(C) Assistant Professor Children with cerebral palsy (CP) experience a change in motor function with age and development. It is important to consider this expected change in offering a prognosis, or in assessing differences in motor function after an intervention. The Gross Motor Function Classification System for CP (GMFCS) has been developed for these purposes. This study was based on a retrospective chart review of 85 children with CP followed from ,2 to ,12 years of age. The GMFCS was applied to clinical notes by two blinded raters four times throughout the study. Interrater reliability was high (G=0.93). Test-retest reliability was high (G=0.79). The positive predictive value of the GMFCS at 1 to 2 years of age to predict walking by age 12 years was 0.74. The negative predictive value was 0.90. The GMFCS can validly predict motor function for children with CP. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for clinical practice and future research. [source] Treatment Acceptability of Healthcare Services for Children with Cerebral PalsyJOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES, Issue 5 2007Norm Dahl Background, Although treatment acceptability scales in intellectual and developmental disabilities research have been used in large- and small-scale applications, large-scale application has been limited to analogue (i.e. contrived) investigations. This study extended the application of treatment acceptability by assessing a large sample of care givers' perceptions of treatment for children with cerebral palsy (CP) in a real-world setting and tested if responses differed across child characteristics, type of medical service or respondent demographics. Method, One hundred and fifty four care givers' for children with CP rated the acceptability of treatments and related medical services by clinicians working in a multi-disciplinary children's specialty setting using Kazdin's (Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 13, 1980, 259) Treatment Evaluation Inventory. Results, There were significant (P < 0.05) differences between male and female respondents' ratings of treatment acceptability. There were no other significant differences for caregiver ratings in relation to child characteristics, type of appointment, severity of CP or other respondent demographic characteristics. Conclusion, Mothers and fathers of children with developmental disabilities may differ in their perceptions of the acceptability of medical treatment services for children with developmental disabilities. Future studies addressing treatment acceptability should expand the scope of demographic information assessed and include items specific to the roles respondents have in providing and coordinating therapeutic regimens for their children's medical needs. [source] Children and Young People with Cerebral Palsy in Northern Ireland (Birth Years: 1977,97)JOURNAL OF POLICY AND PRACTICE IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES, Issue 3-4 2005Efrat Merrick BA [source] Feasibility of Gait Event Detection Using Intramuscular Electromyography in the Child with Cerebral PalsyNEUROMODULATION, Issue 3 2004Richard T. Lauer PhD Abstract The objective of this study was to develop and test the feasibility of a model that employs electromyographic (EMG) signals to predict the occurrence of gait events in the child with cerebral palsy (CP). This model could be the basis of a future functional electrical stimulation (FES) control system to assist gait. Two children were implanted with bifilar intramuscular electrodes into the quadriceps muscle bilaterally. Muscle activity and gait parameters were recorded, and a fuzzy inference system was used to correlate EMG to five distinct gait events. For nine of the 10 gait events evaluated, the model predicted gait events to within 82 ms on average, as referenced to the VICON motion analysis system. For eight of the 10 events, prediction errors were 0.3% or less. Results indicate that EMG from the proximal musculature could be used to predict the occurrence of gait events in these two children with CP. [source] Cerebral Palsy: Results of Surgical Releases Augmented with Electrical Stimulation: A Case StudyNEUROMODULATION, Issue 2 2002James J. McCarthy MD Abstract The purpose of this case study was to evaluate a patient with diplegic cerebral palsy who underwent soft tissue lengthening augmented with intramuscular electrical stimulation. This is a prospective case study, pre- and post-test design. The patient underwent soft tissue lengthenings of the lower extremities, augmented with placement of intramuscular neuromuscular electrodes. Baseline, 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow-up data were obtained which included range of motion, manual muscle strength testing, motion analysis, oxygen consumption, Gross Motor Function Measure, and Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory. All measured parameters, except knee extensor strength, improved during the postoperative period (baseline to 4-month follow-up) and continued to improve during the rehabilitative period (4,12 month follow-up), despite no formal therapy or home exercise program during this period. We conclude that surgical releases augmented with electrical stimulation resulted in a satisfactory clinic outcome, and may offer a new approach to the treatment of patients with cerebral palsy. [source] Botulinum Toxin, Physical and Occupational Therapy, and Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation to Treat Spastic Upper Limb of Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Pilot StudyARTIFICIAL ORGANS, Issue 3 2010Gerardo Rodríguez-Reyes Abstract Spasticity has been successfully managed with different treatment modalities or combinations. No information is available on the effectiveness or individual contribution of botulinum toxin type A (BTA) combined with physical and occupational therapy and neuromuscular electrical stimulation to treat spastic upper limb. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of such treatment and to inform sample-size calculations for a randomized controlled trial. BTA was injected into spastic upper limb muscles of 10 children. They received 10 sessions of physical and occupational therapy followed by 10 sessions of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on the wrist extensors (antagonist muscles). Degree of spasticity using the Modified Ashworth scale, active range of motion, and manual function with the Jebsen hand test, were assessed. Meaningful improvement was observed in hand function posttreatment (P = 0.03). Median spasticity showed a reduction trend and median amplitude of wrist range of motion registered an increase; however, neither of these were significant (P > 0.05). There is evidence of a beneficial effect of the combined treatment. Adequate information has been obtained on main outcome-measurement variability for calculating sample size for a subsequent study to quantify the treatment effect precisely. [source] Patterns of motor disability in very preterm childrenDEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES RESEARCH REVIEW, Issue 4 2002Melanie Bracewell Abstract Motor development in very preterm children differs in several important ways from that of children born at full term. Variability is common, although the anatomic and physiologic bases for that variability are often poorly understood. Motor patterns over the first postnatal year may depend on behaviours learned during often long periods of neonatal intensive care. The normal pattern of development may be modified by disturbances of brain function caused both by the interruption of normal brain maturation ex-utero and the superimposition of focal brain injuries following very preterm birth. Abnormal patterns of development over the first year may evolve into clear neuromotor patterns of cerebral palsy or resolve, as "transient dystonias." Cerebral palsy is associated with identified patterns of brain injury secondary to ischaemic or haemorrhagic lesions, perhaps modified by activation of inflammatory cytokines. Cerebral palsy rates have not fallen as might be expected over the past 10 years as survival has improved, perhaps because of increasing survival at low gestations, which is associated with the highest prevalence of cerebral palsy. Children who escape cerebral palsy are also at risk of motor impairments during the school years. The relationship of these impairments to perinatal factors or to neurological progress over the first postnatal year is debated. Neuromotor abnormalities are the most frequent of the "hidden disabilities" among ex-preterm children and are thus frequently associated with poorer cognitive ability and attention deficit disorders. Interventions to prevent cerebral palsy or to reduce these late disabilities in very preterm children are needed. MRDD Research Reviews 2002;8:241,248. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Cerebral palsy in siblings caused by compound heterozygous mutations in the gene encoding protein CDEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE & CHILD NEUROLOGY, Issue 5 2010CHOONG YI FONG We report two sisters with extensive bilateral periventricular haemorrhagic infarction (PVHI) causing cerebral palsy (CP). The older sister presented at 20 months with cortical visual blindness, spastic diplegia, and purpura fulminans. The younger sister presented aged 3 days old with apnoeas and multifocal seizures. She subsequently had global developmental delay, cortical visual blindness, spastic quadriplegia, epilepsy, and purpura fulminans at age 2 years. Neuroimaging of both siblings showed bilateral PVHI consistent with bilateral cerebral intramedullary venous thrombosis occurring at under 28 weeks' gestation for the older sister and around time of birth for the younger sister. At latest follow-up, the older sister (13y) has spastic diplegia at Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level II, and the younger sister (10y) has spastic quadriplegia at GMFCS level IV. Both sisters showed partial quantitative reduction in plasma protein C antigen and severe qualitative reduction in plasma protein C anticoagulant activity. They were heterozygous for two independent mutations in the protein C gene (PROC). There was no other risk factor for CP. To our knowledge, this is the first family reported with compound heterozygous PROC mutations as the likely genetic cause of familial CP. This report adds to the list of known monogenic causes of CP. [source] Cerebral palsy and newborn care: I, II, and III (1981)DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE & CHILD NEUROLOGY, Issue 12 2008Fiona Stanley MD Another in our series of commentaries on notable papers from the DMCN archives. The full papers are available at http://www.mackeith.co.uk Kiely JL, Paneth N, Stein Z, Susser M. Cerebral palsy and newborn care. I: Secular trends in cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 1981; 23: 533,38. Kiely JL, Paneth N, Stein Z, Susser M. Cerebral palsy and newborn care. II: Mortality and neurological impairment in low-birthweight infants. Dev Med Child Neurol 1981; 23: 650,59. Kiely JL, Paneth N, Stein Z, Susser M. Cerebral palsy and newborn care. III: Estimated prevalence rates of cerebral palsy under differing rates of mortality and impairment of low-birthweight infants. Dev Med Child Neurol 1981; 23: 801,07. [source] Cerebral palsy: synergism, pathways, and preventionDEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE & CHILD NEUROLOGY, Issue 1 2006Peter Baxter No abstract is available for this article. [source] Cerebral palsy: towards developmental neuroscienceDEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE & CHILD NEUROLOGY, Issue 7 2005Ingeborg Krägeloh-Mann No abstract is available for this article. [source] Autism spectrum disorders in children with active epilepsy and learning disability: comorbidity, pre- and perinatal background, and seizure characteristicsDEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE & CHILD NEUROLOGY, Issue 11 2003Suzanne Steffenburg MD PhD The aim of this study was to examine the comorbidity pattern, seizure characteristics, and aetiology in a representative group of children with a combination of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), active epilepsy, and learning disability. Ninety children (47 males, 43 females; mean age 11 years 2 months, range 8 to 16 years at the time of psychiatric examination) with active epilepsy and learning disability, identified in a population-based study in Göteborg, Sweden, were subdivided into those with and those without ASD and compared with respect to aetiology, additional neuroimpairments, and seizure characteristics. In addition, the cohorts were examined for trends of prevalence over a period of time. Results indicated that established aetiology was much more often present in the prenatal period than in the peri- or postnatal periods in the ASD group. Cerebral palsy and visual impairment were under-represented in the ASD group. Partial seizures tended to be more common and generalized seizures less common in the ASD group compared with the non-ASD group. Seizure onset was later in the ASD group. Many of the significant differences were accounted for by a large group of psychiatrically unclassifiable participants in the non-ASD group. There was no trend towards an increase of affected children over the 12-year period. There was no increase in the prevalence of active epilepsy and learning disability nor in the rate of autism with active epilepsy and learning disability in children born between 1981 and 1986 compared with those born from 1976 to 1980, indicating no statistical association with the general measles-mumps-rubella vaccination introduced in the early 1980s. [source] Cerebral palsy: why doesn't our knowledge advance more quickly?DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE & CHILD NEUROLOGY, Issue 9 2003Robert Armstrong No abstract is available for this article. [source] Cerebral palsy in multifoetal pregnanciesDEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE & CHILD NEUROLOGY, Issue 5 2002Isaac Blickstein MD First page of article [source] Lifestyle limitations of children and young people with severe cerebral palsy: a population study protocolJOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING, Issue 5 2008Collette Donnelly Abstract Title.,Lifestyle limitations of children and young people with severe cerebral palsy: a population study protocol Aim., This paper is a presentation of a study protocol to establish the prevalence of orthopaedic problems (hip dislocation, pelvic obliquity, spinal deformity and contractures) and their impact on pain, function, participation and health in a population of children and young people with severe cerebral palsy. Background., Cerebral palsy is the commonest cause of motor impairment in childhood and is associated with life-long disability. An estimated 30% of people with cerebral palsy have severe forms and are non-ambulant. Although the underlying neurological damage is not amenable to correction, many health services are dedicated to providing therapeutic and adaptive support to help people with the condition reach their potential. Method., A cross-sectional survey of children and young people, aged 4,25 years with severe, non-ambulant cerebral palsy as defined using the Gross Motor Function Classification System (Levels IV and V). Study participants will be identified from a pre-existing, geographically defined case register and recruited via a healthcare professional known to them. Two assessments will be undertaken: one involving parents/carers at home and using questionnaires; the other involving the child/young person ideally in one of three settings and including X-rays if clinically indicated. Discussion., This study will contribute to our knowledge of the history and epidemiology of orthopaedic problems in children and young people with cerebral palsy and how these problems accumulate and impact on participation, health and well-being. The study will also identify unmet need and make recommendations for good practice in relation to the orthopaedic care and management for people with severe cerebral palsy. [source] Frequency of parafunctional oral habits in patients with cerebral palsyJOURNAL OF ORAL REHABILITATION, Issue 5 2007A. O. L. ORTEGA Summary, Cerebral palsy (CP) is one of the most frequent conditions encountered in the daily practice of dentists who treat special-needs patients and it seems that parafunctional oral habits are often present in such individuals. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of occurrence of parafunctional habits in individuals with CP. Sixty-five patients with CP were evaluated through a questionnaire and clinical observation, regarding the following habits: pacifier-sucking, finger-sucking, biting objects, tongue interposition, and bruxism. The results showed that nine (13·8%) patients presented with pacifier-sucking, four (6·1%) showed finger-sucking, 12 (18·4%) had the habit of biting objects, 27 (41·5%) presented with tongue interposition, and 24 (36·9%) had eccentric bruxism. The significance of the presence of oral parafunctional habits in individuals with CP, revealed in this study, justifies the need to establish protocols for adequate prevention and clinical intervention in order to minimize the deleterious consequences that may result from such habits. [source] Cerebral palsy and anaesthesiaPEDIATRIC ANESTHESIA, Issue 4 2002PORANEE WONGPRASARTSUK First page of article [source] Health and the use of health care services in 5-year-old very-low-birth-weight infantsACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 7 2010L Rautava Abstract Aim:, We aimed to study the effect of prematurity, time of birth and level of birth hospital on morbidity and the use of health care services at age 5. Methods: This national study included all very-low-birth-weight infants (VLBWI, <32 gestational weeks or birth weight ,1500 g) born in Finnish level II or III hospitals in 2001,2002 (n = 918), and full-term controls (n = 381). Parental questionnaires and register data were used to compare morbidity, and the use of health care services between VLBWI and full-term controls, and within VLBWI according to the time of birth and birth hospital level. Results:, Cerebral palsy, retinopathy of prematurity, other ophthalmic problems, respiratory infections, asthma or chronic lung disease, and inguinal hernia were overrepresented in VLBWI compared with the controls. VLBWI had more outpatient and inpatient days than the controls. The time of birth and birth hospital level were not associated with the use of services or with prematurity-related morbidity. Conclusion:, Although morbidity and the use of health care services were increased in the surviving VLBWI, the average use of services was relatively small at age 5. In surviving VLBWI, the time of birth and the birth hospital level did not affect morbidity or the use of services. [source] Cerebral palsy and intrauterine growth in single births: European collaborative studyCHILD: CARE, HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT, Issue 2 2004Richard Reading Background Cerebral palsy seems to be more common in term babies whose birthweight is low for their gestational age at delivery, but past analyses have been hampered by small datasets and Z -score calculation methods. Methods We compared data from 10 European registers for 4503 singleton children with cerebral palsy born between 1976 and 1990 with the number of births in each study population. Weight and gestation of these children were compared with reference standards for the normal spread of gestation and weight-for-gestational age at birth. Findings Babies of 32,42 weeks' gestation with a birthweight for gestational age below the 10th percentile (using fetal growth standards) were 4,6 times more likely to have cerebral palsy than were children in a reference band between the 25th and 75th percentiles. In children with a weight above the 97th percentile, the increased risk was smaller (from 1.6 to 3.1), but still significant. Those with a birthweight about 1 SD above average always had the lowest risk of cerebral palsy. A similar pattern was seen in those with unilateral or bilateral spasticity, as in those with a dyskinetic or ataxic disability. In babies of less than 32 weeks' gestation, the relation between weight and risk was less clear. Interpretation The risk of cerebral palsy, like the risk of perinatal death, is lowest in babies who are of above average weight-for-gestation at birth, but risk rises when weight is well above normal as well as when it is well below normal. Whether deviant growth is the cause or a consequence of the disability remains to be determined. [source] Cerebral palsy in southern Sweden I. Prevalence and clinical featuresACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 11 2001E Nordmark The prevalence, clinical features and gross motor function of children with cerebral palsy in southern Sweden were investigated. The study covered the birth year period 1990,1993, during which 65514 livebirths were recorded in the area. On the census date (1 January 1998), 68 366 children born in 1990-1993 lived in the area. The study comprised 167 children, 145 of them born in Sweden and 22 born abroad. The livebirth prevalence was 2.2 per 1000, and the prevalence including children born abroad was 2.4 per 1000. The distribution according to gestational age, birthweight and subdiagnoses was similar to that in earlier Swedish studies, except for a higher rate of dyskinetic syndromes in this study. Conclusion: The point prevalence of cerebral palsy was 2.4 and the livebirth prevalence was 2.2. Children born abroad had a higher prevalence and were more often severely disabled. Severe disability was often combined with associated impairments such as mental retardation, epilepsy and visual impairment. [source] Cerebral palsy in southern Sweden II.ACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 11 2001Gross motor function, disabilities The gross motor function and disabilities in children with cerebral palsy in southern Sweden were investigated and related to clinical features. The study covered the birth year period 1990-1993 and comprised 167 children, 145 of them born in Sweden and 22 born abroad. The clinical features and gross motor function were analysed at a mean age of 6.8 y. Clinical features were obtained from a continuing healthcare follow-up programme. Gross motor function was classified according to the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). Walking independently was possible for 86% of the hemiplegic, 63% of the pure ataxic, 61% of the diplegic and 21% of the dyskinetic children. None of the tetraplegic children was able to walk. The classification of gross motor function revealed that 59% of the children were categorized into levels I and II (mildly disabled), 14% into level III (moderately disabled) and 27% into levels IV and V (severely disabled). Children born abroad were more severely disabled. Conclusion: The standardized age-related classification system GMFCS enabled a specific description of gross motor function in relation to clinical features. Significant differences between GMFCS levels and subgroups of diagnosis, aetiology, intellectual capacity, epilepsy and visual impairment were found. [source] Congenital malformations and the cerebral palsies , déjŕ vu, but now what?DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE & CHILD NEUROLOGY, Issue 4 2010EVA ALBERMANArticle first published online: 5 JAN 2010 No abstract is available for this article. [source] Worster-Drought syndrome: poorly recognized despite severe and persistent difficulties with feeding and speechDEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE & CHILD NEUROLOGY, Issue 1 2010MARIA CLARK Aim, Worster-Drought syndrome (WDS), or congenital suprabulbar paresis, is a permanent movement disorder of the bulbar muscles causing persistent difficulties with swallowing, feeding, speech, and saliva control owing to a non-progressive disturbance in early brain development. As such, it falls within the cerebral palsies. The aim of this study was to describe the physical and neuropsychological profiles of children with WDS. Method, Forty-two children with WDS (26 males, 16 females; mean age 7y 10mo, SD 3y 1mo; range 2y 6mo to 16y 5mo) were studied prospectively using a standard protocol. Results, All of the children had severe bulbar dysfunction; 36 out of 42 had feeding difficulties and 23 of 38 had unintelligible speech, which was poorly compensated for by augmentative communication. There were accompanying disturbances in cognition (mean non-verbal IQ 59), behaviour (12/40 attention-deficit,hyperactivity disorder [ADHD]), social communication (8/42 autism), and epilepsy (12/39). The severity of bulbar dysfunction and impact of additional impairments made it difficult to use formal assessments. Interpretation, WDS causes severe and persistent bulbar dysfunction that is often accompanied by additional impairments, as in other cerebral palsies. Speech prognosis is particularly poor. Early diagnosis with appreciation of the underlying neurology would encourage critical evaluation of interventions and long-term planning to improve outcome. [source] Lower motor neuron involvement in perisylvian polymicrogyriaDEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE & CHILD NEUROLOGY, Issue 10 2006Maria Clark MB BChir MRCP Congenital bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria syndrome (CBPS) has a cerebral cortical localization and its phenotype was thought to be purely central. This study of seven children with CBPS (five males, two females; mean age 5y [SD 3y 6mo]; range 1mo-11y 10mo) documents electrophysiological evidence of lower motor neuron involvement in association with congenital contractures (limb or jaw) in six of the seven children studied. This is not an expected association and does not conform to the traditional lesional classification system of the cerebral palsies. Possible pathogenic mechanisms are discussed but this association of upper and lower motor neuron involvement is likely to be a previously unsuspected part of a genetic or other pathogenic sequence. [source] Twins and cerebral palsyACTA PAEDIATRICA, Issue 2001POD Pharoah In a national follow-up study of twin births, monozygous compared with dizygous twins were at significantly increased for both to die in utero, one to die in utero and the co-twin to die in infancy, or both to be livebirths but both die in infancy. The prevalence of cerebral palsy among survivors of a co-twin fetal death was 80.2 and other cerebral impairment was 107.0 per 1000. Many apparently singleton cases of cerebral palsy and impairment may be due to fetal death of a twin that has not been recognized or has been recognized but not registered. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||