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Cephalic Vein (cephalic + vein)
Selected AbstractsAtypical dose,route-dependent food effects of eplerenone in the dog: Presence of food effects following intravenous dosing and lack of food effects of following oral dosingJOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, Issue 3 2002Chyung S. Cook Abstract This study was conducted to investigate why a food effect was observed following an intravenous dose of eplerenone (EP) in the dog, but not following oral dosing. Three female dogs were implanted with a chronic portal vein access port and received radiolabeled EP doses orally (15 mg/kg in solution) and intravenously (7.5 mg/kg via cephalic and portal veins) under fasted and fed conditions. Mean AUC values for EP after infusion through the cephalic vein were 23.0,±,2.7 and 18.2,±,1.1 h,·,,g/mL under fasted and fed conditions, respectively. Corresponding values after infusion through the portal vein were 20.7,±,3.2 and 12.9,±,1.3 h,·,,g/mL, respectively. After oral administration, EP was absorbed 82.0,±,6.9 and 98.0,±,8.3% under fasted and fed conditions; corresponding mean AUC values were 32.0,±,2.0 and 30.8,±,3.6 h,·,,g/mL, respectively. The AUC value for SC-70303 acid (the open lactone form of EP) was lower under fed conditions after cephalic vein infusion, but was greater under fed conditions after portal vein infusion or oral solution administration. The hepatic first-pass effect of EP was 12.6,±,6.3% under fasted conditions and 27.1,±,6.0% under fed conditions. Pharmacokinetic analysis of EP concentrations after portal vein infusion and oral administration showed that under fed conditions the rate constants for bile excretion and for liver metabolism and urinary excretion were increased while the rate constant for elimination and/or metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract was reduced. In conclusion, the apparent lack of food effect after oral administration was observed because enhanced clearance was compensated by increased absorption. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmaceutical Association J Pharm Sci 91:607,614, 2002 [source] Head and neck reconstruction using cephalic vein transposition in the vessel-depleted neckMICROSURGERY, Issue 8 2009M.B.B.S., Vasileios Vasilakis B.Sc. In microvascular reconstructive surgery the patency of the recipient vessels is the key to successful outcome. In head and neck surgery there is often a lack of adequate recipient vessels as a result of chemoradiation therapy and ablative surgery. To overcome this it is crucial to identify vessels of adequate length and diameter outside the field of injury. We report our experience with cephalic vein transposition for drainage of seven free flaps,six intestinal and one osteocutaneous,for head and neck reconstruction. In five cases the cephalic vein was used during the free flap transfer and in two cases in salvage re-exploration surgery. All flaps survived completely. The anatomical course and location of the cephalic vein allow good patency and straightforward harvesting. Its vascular properties are predictive of reduced incidence of complications such as flap congestion and failure. We suggest that the cephalic vein offers a high venous flow drainage system for large free flaps and advocate its use in free intestinal transfer in the vessel-depleted neck as well as in re-exploration surgery. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 2009. [source] Microvascular surgery in the previously operated and irradiated neck,MICROSURGERY, Issue 1 2009Matthew M. Hanasono M.D. Microvascular reconstruction of head and neck defects can be extremely challenging in patients with a history of prior neck dissection and/or irradiation. We reviewed of 261 head and neck free flaps performed between 2004 and 2007 at a tertiary cancer center. One hundred twenty-four (52%) free flaps were performed in patients with a history of prior neck dissection and/or irradiation. The ipsilateral external carotid artery or one of its branches was not available in 43 (19%) cases: 13 with no history of prior neck dissection or irradiation, and 30 with a history of prior neck dissection and/or irradiation (P = 0.03). The ipsilateral internal/external jugular veins (IJ/EJ) were not available in 37 (16%) cases: 11 with no history of prior neck dissection or irradiation, and 26 with a history of prior neck dissection and/or irradiation (P = 0.002). Strategies for dealing with lack of a recipient vessels included anastomosis to contralateral neck vessels, transverse cervical vessels, internal mammary vessels, the cephalic vein, and the pedicle of another free flap. We propose an algorithm for locating recipient vessels adequate for microvascular anastomosis should the ipsilateral external carotid arterial and/or the internal/external jugular venous systems not be available, such as in the setting of prior neck dissection or irradiation. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2009. [source] Computed Tomography of the Lungs of the Dog by a Six-generation CT Scanner, Intravenous Contrast Medium and Different WindowsANATOMIA, HISTOLOGIA, EMBRYOLOGIA, Issue 2005L. Cardoso Computed tomography (CT) is a modern technique of image diagnosis particularly recommended in human medicine to evaluate the existence of pulmonary pathological changes such as neoplasms, metastasis, interstitial infiltrates, etc. In veterinary medicine, however, few anatomical and clinical CT studies in the dog have used apparatus of the latest generation, including injection of intravenous contrast and application of regional specific CT windows with different window width (WW) and window level (WL) to evaluate the lungs, the pulmonary vessels and the bronchial structures. This methodology allows the obtaining of clear CT images with high capacity of tissue discrimination and different shades of attenuation. In this work we have planned a tomographic study of the lungs of the dog by using a six-generation spiral CT scanner (Toshiba Ex Vision), belonging to the private Medical Institute of Radiology ,Irion' of Porto Alegre, Brazil. Four mixed-breed mature dogs (4,6 years, 15,20 kg) were used, two males and two females. The dogs were anaesthetized and kept in a maximum inspiration when obtaining the images. Dogs were placed in a stretcher in a ventral or sternal recumbency. Previously, the contrast urografin® was injected in the cephalic vein. Different CT windows were applied in order to increase the quality of the images: pulmonary window (WW 928; WL -680), high-resolution pulmonary window (WW 1085; WL -750), and soft tissue window (WW 652; WL -34). The use of intravenous contrast, different CT windows and a modern CT apparatus produced excellent images of the pulmonary parenchyma, the pleural cavity, the pulmonary veins, the lobular rami of the pulmonary artery and the lobular bronchi. [source] Using 20-gauge percutaneous peripheral catheters to reliably collect serial 4-mL blood samples from conscious dogsAUSTRALIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL, Issue 6 2010KF Elliott Objective To determine the reliability of collecting serial 4-mL blood samples over 13 h using a 20-gauge, cephalic catheter in conscious dogs. Design Prospective, observational study. Animals Twelve (6 males, 6 females) healthy, neutered, lean dogs. Procedure Percutaneous placement of a 20-gauge, 1.1 × 30 mm intravenous over-the-needle catheter into the cephalic vein was performed in each dog on three occasions. Catheter patency was maintained by intermittent flushing with 0.9% saline and 1 IU/mL heparinised saline solutions. Blood samples (4 mL) were obtained at 10 time-points over 13 h, with close monitoring of the dogs and the indwelling catheters. Blood volume, resistance on aspirating blood sample (minimal or marked resistance) and the methods used to improve blood flow were recorded. Results A high proportion (93%) of blood sample collections achieved the required 4-mL volume, and the remaining samples were greater than 1.5 mL. Of the 358 collections via the cephalic catheter, 311 (87%) were obtained with ,minimal resistance'. The remaining collections had ,marked resistance' (n=47) and were associated with a loose catheter in 11% (5/47) and of unknown cause in 89% (42/47). After ,marked resistance' had been encountered and the catheter was flushed with saline and heparin solutions, subsequent sampling with ,minimal resistance' was frequently possible from the same catheter. Conclusion Use of a percutaneous, 20-gauge intravenous cephalic catheter allowed reliable serial collection of 4-mL blood samples over 13 h in conscious dogs. [source] Influence of muscle training on resting blood flow and forearm vessel diameter in patients with chronic renal failure,BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY (NOW INCLUDES EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY), Issue 6 2010S. Kumar Background: Blood flow and vessel diameter are predictors of the success of vascular access procedures. This study investigated whether a simple exercise programme could influence these variables. Methods: Twenty-three patients with chronic kidney disease were prescribed a simple exercise programme for one arm only; the investigators were blinded to the patients' choice. All underwent arterial and venous duplex imaging, handgrip strength and blood pressure measurements before and 1 month after the exercise programme. Results: Twelve patients exercised their dominant and 11 their non-dominant arm. In the trained arm, the exercise programme resulted in a significant increase in handgrip strength, by a median (interquartile range) of 4 (0,8) kg (P < 0·001), and in the diameter of the brachial artery (0·2 (0·1,0·3) mm; P < 0·001), radial artery (0·3 (0·2,0·4) mm; P < 0·001), and cephalic vein (0·6 (0·4,1·2) mm in the forearm and 1·1 (0·4,1·2) mm above the elbow; P < 0·001). There was an increase in brachial artery mean velocity (3 (1,7) cm/s; P = 0·009) and peak systolic velocity (8 (1,15) cm/s; P = 0·020), despite a marginally lower systolic blood pressure (,8 (,16 to 0) mmHg; P = 0·007). There was no change in any of these parameters in the non-exercised arm. Conclusion: In patients with chronic kidney disease, forearm exercise increased blood flow and vessel diameters. This may be beneficial before vascular access formation. Copyright © 2010 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [source] Transradial intervention for native fistula failureCATHETERIZATION AND CARDIOVASCULAR INTERVENTIONS, Issue 4 2006Osami Kawarada MD Abstract The native radiocephalic (Brescia-Cimino) fistula is usually constructed with an anastomosis of the cephalic vein and radial artery. Catheter interventions for native fistula failure have until now been performed via the transcephalic or transbrachial approach. Transradial intervention for native fistula failure was prospectively evaluated for a selected consecutive 11 patients. Six patients had a single lesion and 5 patients had double lesions. Twelve lesions were stenotic and 4 were occlusive with thrombus. Balloon angioplasty alone was successful in 10 lesions. In thrombosed fistulas, 2 lesions underwent manual catheter-directed thrombo-aspiration and 2 further lesions underwent a combination of catheter-directed thrombo-aspiration and mechanical thrombectomy. Cutting Balloon angioplasty was performed for 3 resistant venous stenoses and for 1 radial artery stenosis. Technical and clinical success were achieved in all patients. No vessel rupture or perforation was observed in this study, nor was distal embolization in the radial artery or symptomatic pulmonary embolism. No radial artery occlusion or fistula infection was seen during the follow-up. The primary patency rates were 82% at 3 months and 64% at 6 months. Transradial intervention for native fistula failure is considered safe and feasible in a selected population; yet requires further validation. © 2006 Wiley-Liss., Inc. [source] Abnormal venous and arterial patterning in chordin mutantsDEVELOPMENTAL DYNAMICS, Issue 9 2007Emmanuèle C. Délot Abstract Classic dye injection methods yielded amazingly detailed images of normal and pathological development of the cardiovascular system. However, because these methods rely on the beating heart of diffuse the dyes, the vessels visualized have been limited to the arterial tree, and our knowledge of vein development is lagging. In order to solve this problem, we injected pigmented methylsalicylate resins in mouse embryos after they were fixed and made transparent. This new technique allowed us to image the venous system and prompted the discovery of multiple venous anomalies in Chord,/, mutant mice. Genetic inactivation of Chordin, an inhibitor of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein signaling pathway, results in neural crest defects affecting heart and neck organs, as seen in DiGeorge syndrome patients. Injection into the descending aorta of Chrd,/, mutants demonstrated how a very severe early phenotype of the aortic arches develops into persistent truncus arteriosus. In addition, injection into the atrium revealed several patterning defects of the anterior cardinal veins and their tributaries, including absence of segments, looping and midline defects. The signals that govern the development of the individual cephalic veins are unknown, but our results show that the Bone Morphogenetic Protein pathway is necessary for the process. Developmental Dynamics 236:2586,2593, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Serum markers of lamellar basement membrane degradation and lamellar histopathological changes in horses affected with laminitisEQUINE VETERINARY JOURNAL, Issue 6 2000P. J. JOHNSON Summary In order better to evaluate the extent to which degradation of the lamellar basement membrane (LBM) by matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) occurs in equine laminitis, we determined the concentration of type IV collagen and laminin in normal and laminitic horses, using specific immunoassays. Blood samples were obtained from both the jugular and the cephalic veins of horses (n = 10) before and after the induction of acute alimentary laminitis by carbohydrate overload. Jugular and cephalic venous blood samples were also obtained from horses affected with naturally occurring laminitis (n = 16) and nonlaminitic controls (n = 8). The serum collagen IV concentration was not changed following the induction of laminitis in the experimental group. Serum collagen IV concentration was increased in jugular venous blood obtained from cases of naturally occurring laminitis (mean ± s.e. 218.04 ± 18.59 ng/ml) compared with nonlaminitic controls (157.50 ± 10.93 ng/ml) (P<0.05). Serum collagen IV concentration was also increased in jugular venous blood obtained from severely laminitic horses (219.50 ± 18.18 ng/ml) compared with nonlaminitic controls (157.50 ± 10.93 ng/ml) (P<0.05). A difference in serum concentration of collagen IV was not identified based on chronicity of naturally occurring laminitis. Serum laminin concentration did not differ between laminitic and nonlaminitic horses. Differences in serum laminin concentration were not identified based on sampling location (jugular orcephalic vein), severity of laminitic pain, or chronicity of spontaneous laminitis. In conclusion, the circulating concentration of collagen IV was increased in horses affected with naturally occurring laminitis. The potential role for serum collagen IV assay for characterisation of equine laminitis warrants further investigation. [source] | |||||||||||||