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Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (cell + renal_cell_carcinoma)
Kinds of Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Selected AbstractsCharacterization of a 3;6 translocation associated with renal cell carcinomaGENES, CHROMOSOMES AND CANCER, Issue 4 2007Rebecca E. Foster The most frequent cause of familial clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is von Hippel,Lindau disease and the VHL tumor suppressor gene (TSG) is inactivated in most sporadic clear cell RCC. Although there is relatively little information on the mechanisms of tumorigenesis of clear cell RCC without VHL inactivation, a subset of familial cases harbors a balanced constitutional chromosome 3 translocation. To date nine different chromosome 3 translocations have been associated with familial or multicentric clear cell RCC; and in three cases chromosome 6 was also involved. To identify candidate genes for renal tumorigenesis we characterized a constitutional translocation, t(3;6)(q22;q16.1) associated with multicentric RCC without evidence of VHL target gene dysregulation. Analysis of breakpoint sequences revealed a 1.3-kb deletion on chromosome 6 within the intron of a 2 exon predicted gene (NT_007299.434). However, RT-PCR analysis failed to detect the expression of this gene in lymphoblast, fibroblast, or kidney tumor cell lines. No known genes were disrupted by the translocation breakpoints but several candidate TSGs (e.g., EPHB1, EPHA7, PPP2R3A RNF184, and STAG1) map within close proximity to the breakpoints. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Renal cell carcinoma marker reliably discriminates central nervous system haemangioblastoma from brain metastases of renal cell carcinomaHISTOPATHOLOGY, Issue 6 2008B Ingold Aims:, The distinction between central nervous system (CNS) metastases of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and CNS haemangioblastoma still poses a challenge to the pathologist. Since both entities occur in von Hippel,Lindau disease, this aggravates the issue. The antibody renal cell carcinoma marker (RCC-ma) has been suggested to identify primary RCCs specifically, but its value for diagnosing metastases of RCC is controversial. The aim was to assess two distinct clones of the RCC-ma for their potential to: (i) identify primary RCCs and (ii) differentiate between CNS metastases of clear cell RCC and CNS haemangioblastomas. Methods and results:, Using tissue microarrays, 77% (n = 363; PN-15) and 66% (n = 355; 66.4C2) of clear cell RCCs, and 93% (PN-15) and 74% (66.4C2) of papillary RCCs (n = 46) were immunopositive for RCC-ma, whereas none of the investigated chromophobe RCCs (n = 22) or any of the oncocytomas (n = 15) showed immunoreactivity. Importantly, 50.9% of CNS metastases of clear cell RCCs (n = 55) exhibited RCC-ma expression, whereas all CNS haemangioblastomas (71) were negative. Conclusions:, Both RCC-ma clones, despite some variation in their sensitivity to detect clear cell and papillary RCCs, are of value in differentiating subtypes of primary RCC and are excellent markers for discriminating clear cell lesions in the brain. [source] Loss of the actin regulator HSPC300 results in clear cell renal cell carcinoma protection in Von Hippel-Lindau patients,,HUMAN MUTATION, Issue 6 2007Alberto Cascón Abstract Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common malignant neoplasm of the kidney. The majority of hereditary and sporadic ccRCC cases are associated with germline and somatic mutations in the Von Hippel-Lindau gene (VHL), respectively. Gross deletions at the VHL locus can result either in ccRCC or in a mild clinical phenotype, with the absence of ccRCC development. Our goal in this study was to identify the molecular basis responsible for these differences in the clinical behavior in order to predict patients' phenotype. Using multiplex ligation-dependent amplification (MLPA), we identified and characterized gross VHL deletions in Spanish VHL families. A candidate gene related to this clinical association, HSPC300, was identified and depleted by RNA interference. It was possible to narrow the susceptibility region related to the mild clinical phenotype down to ,14,kb that included HSPC300 (C3orf10), a regulator of actin dynamics and cytoskeleton organization. Whereas 9 out of 10 families with ccRCC retained HSPC300 in the germline, loss of the HSPC300 locus was associated with mild clinical presentation of the disease in 6 out of 8 families. In fact, genetic depletion of HSPC300 resulted in cytoskeleton abnormalities and cytokinesis arrest in several tumor cell lines including ccRCC cells, suggesting that tumor cell proliferation was compromised in the absence of HSPC300. These clinical and functional data indicate a relevant function of HSPC300 in tumor cell progression, and suggest future therapeutic strategies based upon the inhibition of HSPC300 in renal cell carcinoma and possibly on other cancers. Hum Mutat 28(6), 613,621, 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] DOK4/IRS-5 expression is altered in clear cell renal cell carcinomaINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER, Issue 5 2007Nael Al-sarraf Abstract The insulin-receptor substrate family plays important roles in cellular growth, signaling, and survival. We have previously shown the dysregulation of the IGF-axis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. In this manuscript, we examine the expression of the insulin receptor substrate family in clear cell RCC, and demonstrate that the expression of 2 members of this family are significantly altered in tumors. The most striking finding is that expression of the new IRS family member IRS-5 is significantly upregulated in 90% of examined clear cell RCCs. Studies on this gene has shown that it is regulated through chromatin remodeling in kidney cells. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Solitary metastasis of renal cell carcinoma to the parotid gland 10 years after radical nephrectomyINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF UROLOGY, Issue 10 2004ATAY GÖ Abstract, Renal cell carcinoma metastasis to the parotid gland after tumor nephrectomy is extremely rare. We report a case of solitary parotid metastasis from clear cell renal cell carcinoma in a 59-year-old woman, who presented 10 years after primary treatment. To our knowledge this is the first case in the published literature presenting with solitary parotid metastasis after such a long time. Superficial parotidectomy with preservation of the facial nerve was performed. One year after, the patient developed contralateral multiple kidney tumors and underwent left radical nephrectomy. She is currently on a dialysis program and no additional metastasis has been observed for 18 months. [source] Clear cell atypical fibroxanthoma , report of a case with review of the literatureJOURNAL OF CUTANEOUS PATHOLOGY, Issue 5 2006Rajmohan Murali Clear cell atypical fibroxanthoma (CCAFX) is a rare variant of atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX), a pleomorphic dermal tumour associated with a good prognosis. A 67-year-old man presented with a rapidly growing nodule on the ear, which had appeared over a 2-week period. Sections showed an ulcerated nodule composed of pleomorphic spindled and polygonal cells with clear cytoplasm, invested by a delicate vascular stroma, reminiscent of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Numerous mitotic figures were seen. The tumour cells stained with vimentin, CD68 and CD99 and were cytokeratin-negative. The immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features supported a diagnosis of CCAFX. The diagnosis of CCAFX requires the exclusion of other pleomorphic clear cell tumours that can occur in the skin by using a combination of morphology, immunohistochemistry and electronmicroscopy. [source] Osteopontin expression correlates with prognostic variables and survival in clear cell renal cell carcinomaJOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY, Issue 4 2006Koviljka Matusan MD Abstract Background and Objectives Osteopontin (OPN) is a phosphorylated glycoprotein with diverse functions including tumorigenesis and tumor cell metastasis. Recently, it has been detected in a growing number of human tumors, and assessed as a potential prognostic marker. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of OPN in normal renal tissue and clear cell renal cell carcinomas (CRCCs), and to assess its prognostic significance. Methods The expression of OPN protein was immunohistochemically analyzed in 171 CRCCs and compared to usual clinicopathological parameters such as tumor size, nuclear grade, pathological stage, Ki-67 proliferation index, and cancer-specific survival. Results In normal renal parenchyma, the expression of OPN was seen in distal tubular epithelial cells, calcifications, and some stromal cells. The upregulation of OPN was observed in 61 CRCCs (35.7%) in the form of cytoplasmic granular staining of various intensities. Statistical analysis showed correlation of the OPN expression with tumor size (P,<,0.001), Fuhrman nuclear grade (P,<,0.001), pathological stage (P,=,0.011), and Ki-67 proliferation index (P,<,0.001). Moreover, patients with OPN-positive tumors had significantly worse prognosis in comparison to patients with tumors lacking OPN protein (P,=,0.004). Conclusion Our results suggest that overexpression of OPN is involved in the progression of CRCC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2006;94:325,331. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Epigenetic inactivation of HOXA5 and MSH2 gene in clear cell renal cell carcinomaPATHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 10 2010Koo Han Yoo The high-throughput method using microarray is an easy and fast way to analyze the methylation status of hundreds of preselected genes and to screen them for signatures in methylation. The aim of our study is to detect hypermethylated genes and to analyze the association between methylation status and clinicopathological parameters of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. The genetic substrate included 62 cancer tissues and 62 matched adjacent normal kidney tissues. We adapted the GoldenGate genotyping assay to determine the methylation state of 1505 specific CpG sites in 807 genes. We identified two genes (HOXA5 and MSH2) with ,-value differences of more than 0.3 between cancer and normal tissues. The high methylation group in HOXA5 had high Fuhrman's nuclear grade (P= 0.041). Other data in HOXA5 and MSH2 were not significant with methylation status (P > 0.05). Survival curve of the high methylation group in HOXA5 was slightly lower than that of the low methylation group. However, the statistical significances of overall survival in HOXA5 and MSH2 were low (P > 0.05). We report the hypermethylation of two genes in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. The data we obtained could provide the basis for a diagnostic test pathological assessment, or prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. [source] Pathological and molecular biological aspects of the renal epithelial neoplasms, up-to-datePATHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL, Issue 6 2004Yoji Nagashima Renal neoplasms are not necessarily high in frequency, but they are characteristic in their heterogeneity and occasional association with systemic familial tumor syndromes and phacomatoses (e.g. clear cell renal cell carcinoma and von Hippel-Lindau disease, Wilms tumor and aniridia, genitourinary malformation and mental retardation (so-called, WAGR syndrome), and angiomyolipoma and tuberous sclerosis). Physicians and pathologists should take note of these syndromes and associated renal neoplasms because they have provided important clues to elucidate the mechanism of tumorigenesis concerning cancer-suppressor genes. This review aims to present recent classification of renal parenchymal neoplasms based on their molecular biological characteristics, and future problems yet to be clarified. [source] The prognostic value of peritumoral regulatory T cells and its correlation with intratumoral cyclooxygenase-2 expression in clear cell renal cell carcinomaBJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 3 2009Jin F. Li OBJECTIVE To investigate the prognostic value of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and its correlation with cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS CD4+, Foxp3+ tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and tumour COX-2 expression were assessed by immunohistochemistry in tissue microarrays containing RCC from 125 patients. Prognostic effects of low and high expression were evaluated by Cox regression and Kaplan,Meier analysis using the median values as thresholds. The expression of Tregs and COX-2 were compared with the clinicopathological variables. In addition, Tregs and its correlation with COX-2 expression was also analysed. RESULTS Peritumoral Tregs were positively correlated with intratumoral COX-2 expression (Spearman rank correlation 0.336, P < 0.001). Peritumoral Tregs were associated with TNM stage (P = 0.001) and tumour size (P = 0.002), while intratumoral COX-2 expression was associated with TNM stage (P = 0.018) and grade (P = 0.013). Using multivariate analysis, increased peritumoral Tregs, higher TNM stage (III + IV), larger tumour size (,7 cm) and higher nuclear grade (III + IV) were independent predictors for significantly shorter overall survival and disease-free survival. CONCLUSIONS Increased peritumoral Tregs are associated with worse prognosis in clear cell RCC. The high intratumoral COX-2 expression may be the underlying reason for the aberrant gathering of Tregs. These results suggest that clinical application of COX-2 inhibitors may benefit those patients with higher intratumoral COX-2 immunostaining by reducing the transformation of Tregs in RCC. [source] DCC protein expression in clear cell renal cell carcinomaBJU INTERNATIONAL, Issue 6 2004Y. Dekel OBJECTIVES To investigate whether the expression of protein from the ,deleted in colorectal cancer' (DCC) gene, which predicts a poor outcome for patients with colorectal carcinoma, can also serve as a prognostic factor in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS The expression of DCC was evaluated immunohistochemically in 94 paraffin-embedded tumour samples from patients with stage T1, T2, and T3 clear cell RCC. The mean follow-up was 52.3 months. The endpoints of the study were recurrence of disease and death from disease. RESULTS The under-expression of DCC protein was detected in 63% of patients who died from the disease and in 36% with no evidence of disease. DCC protein under-expression was detected in all patients with T1 tumours who died from the disease, in half the T2 tumours and in two-thirds of T3 tumours. CONCLUSION DCC protein under-expression correlated with more aggressive tumour behaviour and a greater risk of death from RCC. However, a larger cohort of patients should be assessed before drawing definitive conclusions. [source] Chromosome 9p deletions identify an aggressive phenotype of clear cell renal cell carcinomaCANCER, Issue 20 2010Jeffrey La Rochelle MD Abstract BACKGROUND: The authors investigated whether deletion of chromosome 9p in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) predicted worse disease-specific survival (DSS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) and whether it was associated with more aggressive behavior in small renal masses. METHODS: In total, 703 ccRCC tumors were analyzed using fluorescence in situ hybridization (316 tumors) and cytogenetics (388 tumors). Tumor grade, classification, and size; 9p status; Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS); lymph node involvement; and the presence of metastasis were recorded. Outcomes were stratified by 9p status, and a Cox proportional hazards models was constructed using TNM staging, ECOG PS, tumor size, tumor grade, and 9p status. RESULTS: Deletions of 9p were detected in 97 tumors (13.8%). At presentation, 9p-deleted tumors were larger and were more likely to be high grade (grade 3 or 4), to have a high tumor (T) classification (T3-T4), and to have lymph node or distant metastases (P < .01). The median DSS for patients with and without 9p deletions was 37 months and 82 months, respectively (P < .01). In patients with localized disease, the median RFS in those who had 9p deletions was 53 months and was not reached in those without 9p deletions (P < .01). In patients who had localized lesions that measured ,4 cm in greatest dimension, 9p-deleted tumors were more likely to recur (19% vs 2%; P = .01). CONCLUSIONS: Deletion of chromosome 9p in ccRCC occurred in 14% of patients and was associated with higher grade and T classification, and the presence of lymph node and distant metastases. In addition, 9p deletion independently conferred a worse prognosis for patients with localized ccRCC, and most noteworthy, in patients with localized, small renal masses. Preoperatively identifying patients with 9p deletions will improve risk stratification and will help to select appropriate patients for surveillance protocols or aggressive treatment. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society. [source] Circulating biomarkers for vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors in renal cell carcinoma,CANCER, Issue S10 2009Amado J. Zurita MD Abstract In recent years, there has been significant progress in the clinical development and application of antiangiogenic therapies in renal cell carcinomas, particularly inhibitors of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway. Despite this progress, no validated methods are currently available for identifying which patients are most likely to respond to treatment or experience toxic effects, selecting the optimal dose, or determining whether the intended molecular target has been effectively inhibited. However, recent studies have suggested that some of the biomarkers currently under investigation in clear cell renal cell carcinoma for VEGF pathway inhibitors are promising. These biomarkers include circulating proangiogenic factors and receptors; markers of hypoxia and endothelial damage; and cellular populations in peripheral blood, such as circulating endothelial cells. Further preclinical and translational validation studies are still needed to determine their practical utility in the clinical setting. Cancer 2009;115(10 suppl):2346-54. © 2009 American Cancer Society. [source] Costimulatory molecule B7-H1 in primary and metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinomaCANCER, Issue 10 2005R. Houston Thompson M.D. Abstract BACKGROUND Cancer cell expression of costimulatory molecule B7-H1 has been implicated as a potent inhibitor of T-cell,mediated antitumoral immunity. The authors recently reported that B7-H1 is aberrantly expressed in primary renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Blockade of B7-H1, as demonstrated in several murine cancer models, now represents a promising therapeutic target in RCC. However, the potential expression of B7-H1 in metastatic RCC has not been investigated. In the current study, the authors updated their primary RCC results with additional follow-up and investigated the potential role of B7-H1 in metastatic RCC. METHODS Between 2000 and 2004, 196 patients underwent nephrectomy and 26 patients had resection of RCC metastases for clear cell RCC. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on tumor cryosections using a B7-H1 monoclonal antibody (clone 5H1). A urologic pathologist quantified the percentage of B7-H1,positive tumor cells and lymphocytes. RESULTS Variable levels of B7-H1 were expressed on primary RCC tumor cells (n = 130 [66.3%]) and primary tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (n = 115 [58.7%]). Patients with high expression of B7-H1 on primary tumor cells and/or lymphocytes were significantly more likely to die of RCC compared with patients with low B7-H1 expression (risk ratio [RR] = 4.17; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.97,8.84; P < 0.001) and this risk persisted in multivariate analysis after adjusting for the Mayo Clinic stage, size, grade, and necrosis score (RR = 2.63; 96% CI, 1.23,5.64; P = 0.013). Of the 26 metastatic specimens, cancer cell and lymphocyte B7-H1 expression were demonstrated in 17 (65.4%) and 18 (69.2%) specimens, respectively. In total, 14 (54.3%) metastatic specimens had high aggregate B7-H1 levels compared with 44.4% in primary RCC specimens. CONCLUSIONS Patients with RCC with high B7-H1 expression were significantly more likely to die even after multivariate analysis. The authors also demonstrated that a high percentage of RCC metastases similarly harbored B7-H1. The authors surmised that B7-H1 blockade may augment current immunotherapy, including patients treated for metastases after cytoreductive nephrectomy. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society. [source] Osteopontin expression correlates with prognostic variables and survival in clear cell renal cell carcinomaJOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY, Issue 4 2006Koviljka Matusan MD Abstract Background and Objectives Osteopontin (OPN) is a phosphorylated glycoprotein with diverse functions including tumorigenesis and tumor cell metastasis. Recently, it has been detected in a growing number of human tumors, and assessed as a potential prognostic marker. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of OPN in normal renal tissue and clear cell renal cell carcinomas (CRCCs), and to assess its prognostic significance. Methods The expression of OPN protein was immunohistochemically analyzed in 171 CRCCs and compared to usual clinicopathological parameters such as tumor size, nuclear grade, pathological stage, Ki-67 proliferation index, and cancer-specific survival. Results In normal renal parenchyma, the expression of OPN was seen in distal tubular epithelial cells, calcifications, and some stromal cells. The upregulation of OPN was observed in 61 CRCCs (35.7%) in the form of cytoplasmic granular staining of various intensities. Statistical analysis showed correlation of the OPN expression with tumor size (P,<,0.001), Fuhrman nuclear grade (P,<,0.001), pathological stage (P,=,0.011), and Ki-67 proliferation index (P,<,0.001). Moreover, patients with OPN-positive tumors had significantly worse prognosis in comparison to patients with tumors lacking OPN protein (P,=,0.004). Conclusion Our results suggest that overexpression of OPN is involved in the progression of CRCC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2006;94:325,331. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] Von Hippel-Lindau diseaseMICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE, Issue 2 2003Toshiaki Sano Abstract Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is an uncommon, autosomal dominant hereditary multitumor syndrome caused by germline alterations of the VHL gene, which has been cloned recently and identified as a tumor suppressor gene. The major lesions in VHL disease include hemangioblastomas in the central nervous system and retina, clear cell renal cell carcinomas, pheochromocytomas, pancreatic tumors, epididymal cystadenomas, endolymphatic sac tumors, carcinoid tumors, and multiple cysts of the kidney, pancreas, and epididymis. Compared with sporadic ones, the tumors in VHL disease develop at an earlier age and often multifocally. Histologic features of VHL tumors are characterized by their high degree of vascularization and the presence of a clear cell component. Hypervascularization is induced by overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and because the principal function of VHL protein is the negative regulation of hypoxia-inducible mRNAs including VEGF mRNA, inactivation of VHL gene plays critical roles in angiogenesis of the VHL tumors. In addition, since VHL protein is also required for the down-regulation of transcription activity of certain genes for the cell growth and cell cycle, inactivation of VHL gene may contribute to tumorigenesis of the VHL tumors. A significant difference in the frequency of types of VHL gene mutation has been noted among the affected families, known as the genotype-phenotype correlations. Microsc. Res. Tech. 60:159,164, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [source] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||